Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many different diseases are associated with oxidative stress. One of the main consequences of oxidative stress at the cellular level is lipid peroxidation, from which toxic aldehydes may be generated. Below their toxicity thresholds, some aldehydes are involved in signaling processes, while others are intermediaries in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, neurotransmitters, and carbohydrates. Some aldehydes ubiquitously distributed in the environment, such as acrolein or formaldehyde, are extremely toxic to the cell. On the other hand, aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are able to detoxify a wide variety of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids, thus helping to protect from oxidative stress. ALDHs are located in different subcellular compartments such as cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to analyze, and highlight, the role of different ALDH isoforms in the detoxification of aldehydes generated in processes that involve high levels of oxidative stress. The ALDH physiological relevance becomes evident by the observation that their expression and activity are enhanced in different pathologies that involve oxidative stress such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiopathies, atherosclerosis, and cancer as well as inflammatory processes. Furthermore, ALDH mutations bring about several disorders in the cell. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which these enzymes participate in diverse cellular processes may lead to better contend with the damage caused by toxic aldehydes in different pathologies by designing modulators and/or protocols to modify their activity or expression.
 ...
PMID:Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Physiopathological Processes. 3062 42

Oxidative stress is associated with the pathophysiology of many degenerative human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cancers. We discovered in our previous study that thioproline (SPro), a proline analogue, is generated in oxidant-exposed cells. With the prior observation that SPro served as an efficient nitrile trapping agent, we tested in this study the hypothesis that this oxidative stress generated cysteine-formaldehyde adduct, SPro, may serve as an antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. Interestingly, results showed that HeLa cells cultured in SPro-supplemented culture media are more tolerant of oxidative stress, indicated by a dosage-dependent increase in cell viability. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of the observed increase in cell tolerance to oxidative stress revealed SPro acting as an effective antioxidant by sacrificial oxidation. Results also showed that SPro had been incorporated into cellular proteins and induced changes in protein expression profiles of treated cells. Despite being yet to determine the participation of individual factors to the observed increase of cell tolerance to oxidative stress, this study sheds light on the potential use of SPro as a dietary supplement for protecting humans from oxidative stress-associated degenerative human diseases.
 ...
PMID:Thioproline Serves as an Efficient Antioxidant Protecting Human Cells from Oxidative Stress and Improves Cell Viability. 3229 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4