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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of collagen prolyl hydroxylase in aortic wall was studied in rabbits exposed to chronic 10% ambient oxygen tension for 30 days. Prolyl hydroxylase in rabbit aorta was shown to be similar to the enzyme from other sources in that it required molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate, ferrous iron and ascorbate for its activity. The activity of prolyl hydroxylase was increased to 180% of controls in the intima-media samples from rabbits exposed to hypoxia. No atherosclerotic lesions could be seen in arteries of animals kept in chronic hypoxia. If the arteries of rabbits were injured with a single mechanical dilatation, the activity of prolyl hydroxylase increased more than 2-fold, as reported previously. The exposure of these animals to chronic hypoxia further elevated the prolyl hydroxylase activity.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Aug
PMID:Increased collagen prolyl hydroxylase activity in the aortic wall of rabbits exposed to chronic hypoxia. 22 78

This is an interim report of an on-going study of deaths in 42-km men. The absence of fatal ASCVD in these athletes can not be construed as evidence for the protective role of exercise alone. The ability to run 42 km depends on many factors. Exercise is only one. Avoiding tobacco is another. Dietary factors also play a role. It has not been feasible to remove one of these factors while maintaining the ability to cover the 42 km distance. Some 42-km men claim that megadoses of ascorbic acid protect them from collagen injury. This is supported by animal studies that show increased collagen synthesis proportional to ascorbic acid intake up to dosage levels that would equal 10 grams per day for humans. Their self-selected macrobiotic diet contains a high ratio of peanuts:steak resulting in a high P/S ratio (polyunsaturates/saturates). Dietary manipulation quickly effects their ability to train. Smoking is so rare among these runners that it must be related to specific effects, such as a catalytic agent in tobacco smoke converting linoleic acid into a toxic lipid oxide. Noakes and Opie recently confirmed again (May, 1976) that no cases of "death due to coronary atherosclerosis" have been recorded in marathon finishers. If this holds true for the second 10-year period of this study, then marathon runners will have joined the longshoremen by earning life-long protection against ASCVD. These longshoremen burned 1,876 kcals on the job, equivalent to a 30-km run. Roberts and Straus suggest that many factors can cause atherosclerosis. Only time will tell whether the marathoner is protected from all of them.
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PMID:Marathon running and immunity to atherosclerosis. 27 Sep 39

Connective tissue composition of aortas from several non-human primate species has been studied in an effort to relate collagen, elastin, ang glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content to species susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Among the species studied the baboon contained the highest content of GAG in the aorta. While the distribution of individual GAG varied from species to species, heparan sulfate (HS) was the highest GAG in aortas from most of the species. The ratio of HS to chondroitin sulfates (CS) plus dermatan sulfate (DS) was lowest in the baboon, a species relatively less susceptible to atherosclerosis, and highest in the squirrel monkey, a very susceptible primate. If a relationship exists between HS to CS + DS ratio in the aorta and atherosclerosis, the primates can be arranged in the following decreasing order of susceptibility: squirrel, chimpanzee, stump-tailed, rhesus, African green, patas, baboon. In studies of other connective tissue components, the proportion of total collagen to elastin was found lowest in the baboon. Such observations emphasize the importance of connective tissue in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Jan
PMID:Connective tissue composition of aortas from non-human primates. A comparative study. 41 48

The authors examined neosynthesis of fiber proteins (scleroproteins) in the aorta of rats with genetic hypertonia and with experimental atherosclerosis after application of 3H-proline and 3H-lysine and subsequent determination of radioactivity of collagenous and elastic in the aortic wall. There was a great increase in incorporation a labelled precursors of collagen and elastin in the aorta of hypertonic and atherosclerotic animals in comparison with the control rats-a manifestation of increased "de novo" synthesis of fiber proteins in rats with these arterial diseases. Furthermore the increased collagenosis dominated over that of elastogenesis. The irregularity in the activation of biosynthesis of both sclero-proteins in rats with hypertonia and atherosclerosis caused remodeling of macromolecular structure of the aretrial wall with a predominance of collagen over the remaining components of the connective tissue matrix. The resulting fibrosis of the arterial wall favoured the fixation of hypertonia and progression of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Arterial scleroproteins in atherosclerosis and hypertension (experimental studies)]. 43 8

The effects of experimental (dietary) atherosclerosis on arteries from racing greyhounds were studied. Measurements of pressure and external diameter were made on islated carotid and iliac arteries under active (norepinephrine, 5 microgram/ml) and passive (zero Ca2+ and 2 mM EGTA) smooth muscle conditions. Iliac arteries from diet-fed animals demonstrated substantial intimal lesions, but the carotid arteries were usually grossly involved. Arteries from atherosclerotic animals were stiffer during passive conditions, with the iliac arteries having the greater changes. In iliac arteries from treated animals, collagen and elastin contents were decreased, and the collagen-to-elastin ratio was increased; in carotid arteries from treated animals, elastin content was increased and the collagen-to-elastin ratio was decreased. The maximum range of control of arterial wall mechanics by smooth muscle was diminished in treated iliacs but unchanged in carotids. Both force development and constriction responses associated with smooth muscle activation were diminished in treated iliacs but unchanged in treated carotids. Mechanical properties of series elastic elements in treated iliacs were stiffer, but treated carotids were unchanged.
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PMID:Arterial wall properties and dietary atherosclerosis in the racing greyhound. 44 41

Groups of New Zealand white male rabbits were fed atherogenic diets containing 1% cholesterol. The diets of experimental groups were supplemented additionally with either aspirin, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, oxyphenylbutazone or aminopyrine. Blood cholesterol and phospholipids were measured at 3--4 week intervals. After 12 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the severity of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta was measured. In separate experiments, rabbit platelets were incubated with each of the drugs individually and conversion of [14C]arachidonic acid to thromboxanes and related compounds was assayed. Inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by each drug was also measured. All drugs inhibited thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in varying degrees with flufenamate and aspirin being most and aminopyrine least effective. The pattern of metabolite formation from [14C]arachidonate was consistent with a block in the cyclooxygenase reaction. Phenylbutazone, flufenamic acid and oxyphenylbutazone produced significant reductions in atherosclerotic plaque formation without major changes in blood cholesterol levels or blood cholesterol--phospholipid ratios. Aspirin and aminopyrine were ineffective. The results indicate that the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs as inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in vitro does not afford a sufficient predictive index of their anti-atherogenicity in vivo. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the possible involvement of cyclooxygenase derivatives in atherogenesis.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Feb
PMID:Anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental atherosclerosis. Part 4. Inhibition of atherosclerosis in vivo and thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in vitro. 45 16

The effect of immunological injury upon the early in vivo changes in aortic connective tissue metabolism was studied. It was found that a single antigen (bovine serum albumin), when administered in multiple doses, activated collagen synthesis and increased the rate of lgycosaminoglycan synthesis in the arterial wall. The degree of stimulation of both connective tissue components was higher in animals receiving a higher dose of antigen.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Apr
PMID:Biosynthesis of aortic collagen and glycosaminoglycan following immunological injury. 46 20

The physiological variations in the mechanical properties of rabbit aortae in relation to the periods of hair shedding were studied. The load-strain curves of the eight proximal thoracic segment in 15 shedding and 15 non-shedding male albino rabbits were analysed. The slope of the curves (tangent of the angle between the linear region of the load-strain curve and the strain axis) was decreased in the shedding animals compared to that of the non-shedding animals and the toe of the load-strain curves was significantly lower towards the x-axis in the shedding animals. The observations indicate a lower stiffness, that is increased elasticity, of the aortae of rabbits during hair shedding. The increased elasticity during hair shedding may explain the previously reported resistance to experimental arteriosclerosis caused by the hemodynamic strain elicited by exposure to systemic hypoxia. A decrease in the aortic content of collagen and of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and an increase in the content of hyaluronic acid, may be of importance in the alterations of the mechanical properties of rabbit aorta during hair shedding.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Apr
PMID:Seasonal variations in the biophysical properties of rabbit aorta and its susceptibility to arteriosclerosis. 46 22

With suitable radioactively labelled precursors the mitotic (using 3H-thymidine) and the productive metabolisms (using 3H-proline and 35S-sulphate) were investigated on various kinds of joint- etc. cartilage from mice with genetically caused arthrosis. The autoradiographic analyses were performed using 3H-thymidine-, 3H-proline- and 35S-sulphate-indices and the statistical evaluation of the findings led to the following results: the synthesis level of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the cartilage ground substance is lower for 5--6 month-old mice than for the 16--17 month-old animals of this genetic arthrosis strain. This is most distinct in the 3rd (= basal) zone of the knee-joint cartilage which increased to double the comparable value in this period. In all 3 zones of the knee-joint cartilage GAG-synthesis is considerably greater than the collagen synthesis according to these autoradiographic analyses. These findings can be detected before any histologically or histochemically demonstrable cartilage alterations and represent therefore the earliest signs of a so-called "pre-arthrosis". Collagen synthesis decreases thereby, and the same holds for DNA-synthesis and the mitotic metabolism of the cartilage cells - according to the findings to date. However the question is still under investigation whether arthrosis (like atherosclerosis) also starts with an increase in cell-turnover. This question is not only of theoretical interest, it has practical clinical consequences, even for the treatment. These investigations also serve this clinically relevant question because arthrosis is the most common human joint disease.
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PMID:[Autoradiographic studies on the mitotic and productive metabolism of the articular cartilage in mouse genetic arthritis]. 47 31

The pathology of the coronary arteries of children, in relation to atherosclerotic involvement, appeared as a pathology of the main emergence areas and branching points of the left coronary artery and particularly of the anterior descending artery. The first atherosclerotic lesions occurred as non-raised fibrous plaques in 2% of children 6--10 years old and in 4% of children and juveniles 11--15 years old. In the latter age group fatty streaks and gelatinous plaques were also seen in 6% of the subjects; in their appearance they lag behind fibrous plaques by 5--8 years. Indirect evidence was obtained that some branch pads or cushions might be converted into fibrous plaques. The transitional aspects included edema, histolysis (elastolysis, collagenolysis, ground-substance depletion and degenerative cell changes), followed by reorganization and homogeneization of the pre-existing heterogeneous microarchitecture; in a final stage the prevalent processes seemed to be the nodular proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the abundant neoformation of collagen fibers. In essence the results show that in atherosclerosis the coronary arteries are involved in a different sequence and histogenetic pattern than the aorta.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jun
PMID:Study of fibrous plaques occurring in the coronary arteries of children. 47 79


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