Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of a new, almost l-thyroxine free preparation of d-thyroxine (Dynothel) was tested in 15 patients with Type IIa and 4 patients with Type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Eleven patients with Type IIa and 3 with Type IIb were responsive to treatment and showed an average 26% decrease in plasma TC. This decrement in plasma TC was mirrored in a significant reduction of LDL cholesterol in Type IIa and IIb. While VLDL cholesterol slightly decrease in Type IIb, it remained the same in Type IIa and so did the HDL cholesterol in both types. As neither VLDL nor LDL or HDL triglyceride levels changed very much in either type, the total plasma triglycerides remained the same. The plasma phospholipids were higher in Type IIa and lower in Type IIb on therapy. Thus, Dynothel seems to be a potent d-thyroxine preparation for lowering plasma cholesterol, this decrease being brought about by reduction of LDL cholesterol levels. The effect of the drug on plasma TG and PL is less certain.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinemia with d-thyroxine. 97 40

Steelhead trout (Salmo gairdnerii) were taken at three stages of sexual maturity to study their coronary arteries for arteriosclerotic lesions. At least 18 sections from the glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed arteries were obtained from each fish. Fish in the middle of the spawning migration and sexually mature fish at the spawning ground had lesions in about 20% of the arterial sections. These consisted of focal proliferations of smooth muscle cells projecting into the lumen through the broken elastic lamina with an intact endothelium around them. Sexually mature fish with patches of fungus on their head and back had twice as high a percentage of arterial sections with lesions as the first two groups of fish. Sexually immature fish were not studied. The lesions occurred approximately equally in all sizes of coronary arteries except for very small arteries. All lesions but one were focal; that lesion involved a third of the intima and the media. The lesions have no elastic lamina below the endothelium and seem to have no lipid.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Number, location and severity of coronary arterial changes in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdnerii). 97 41

The cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity of hepatic microsomal preparations of hypothalamic hypercholesterolemic rats and normal rats was assayed in rats fed diets high and low in cholesterol, and in rats killed at the supposed height and at the nadir of the diurnal cycle of enzyme activity. The activity of this enzyme system appeared to be unimpaired in the hypothalamic hypercholesterolemic rat.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Hepatic cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity in neurogenic hypercholesterolemia. 97 42

The efficacy of an anion-exchange gel, Secholex, as a hypocholesterolemic agent was assessed in 46 patients in 4 different studies and the effects were compared with those of cholestyramine. All patients had severe Type II-a or II-b hyperlipoproteinemia. In short-term metabolic studies Secholex (15 g/day) and cholestyramine (16 g/day) decreased serum cholesterol levels and increased total fecal sterol output and serum methyl sterol concentration to a similar extent, but cholestyramine was more effective than Secholex in increasing fecal bile acid excretion. In crossover studies, the two drugs appeared to be equally effective in lowing serum cholesterol levels but the patients mostly preferred Secholex. Twenty patients were treated with Secholex over a two-year period. The average decrease in serum cholesterol levels from the mean pretreatment value of 406 mg/100 ml was 15% during the first year, and 13% during the second year. In 5 patients the serum cholesterol was permanently lowered by more than 20% (good responders), while in 7 patients the average reduction of serum cholesterol level during Secholex administration was less than 10% (non-responders). The serum triglyceride level was slightly decreased by Secholex in Type II-b patients but was unaltered in Type II-a patients. At the end of the treatment period, serum iron and vitamin B12 levels were normal but the serum folic acid concentration was reduced in eight of 20 patients. A dose--response study indicated that a similar cholesterol-lowering effect was obtained with daily doses of 9 and 15 g of Secholex. It is concluded that Secholex is a relatively safe drug which effectively reduces serum cholesterol levels in two-thirds of patients with severe hypercholesterolemia.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with Secholex. A long-term clinical trial and comparison with cholestyramine. 97 43

Rats were injected intravenously with liposomes made of [4(-14)C] cholesterol with [32P]lysolecithin, or [4(-14)C]cholesterol with [32P]lecithin. The clearance of both radioactive labels from plasma was observed, as well as their distribution in the organs after 15 and 60 min. At the same time, the esterification of injected [14C]cholesterol and the conversion of [32P]lysolecithin to [32P]lecithin and vice versa were examined. [14C]Cholesterol administered with lysolecithin was cleared from the plasma at a higher rate than with lecithin. Consequently the radioactivity of [14C]cholesterol in the aorta, heart, lung, kidney and liver changed with the applied phospholipid; with lysolecithin it was higher than with lecithin. Lysolecithin itself was distributed among the organs more evenly than lecithin, which accumulated most in the liver. If administered with lysolecithin, [14C]cholesterol was esterified in the plasma in a significantly higher proportion than if administered with lecithin. The antiatherogenous effect of lecithin and the atherogenous effect of lysolecithin are considered on the basis of different transport properties of these phospholipids.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Effect of the phospholipid vehicle on the transport of cholesterol in rats. 97 44

The effect of prior hypertension on lipid synthesis in the thoracic aortae of normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits was studied in vitro using[1(-14)C] acetate and [32P] phosphate as lipid precursors. In normally fed rabbits, prior hypertension did not increase the incorporation of the labelled precursors into either phospholipid or neutral lipid. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, hypertension increased the incorporation of [32P] phosphate into phosphatidyl-choline and of [1(-14)C-acetate into cholesterol ester. The increased incorporation of [1(-14)C] acetate into cholesterol ester was accompanied by an increase in intimal total cholesterol concentration. For both normotensive and hypertensive cholesterol-fed rabbits there was a close correlation between cholesterol esterification and total cholesterol concentration of the thoracic intima. It is concluded that the increase in aortic lipid synthesis in hypertensive cholesterol-fed rabbits is secondary to the increased cholesterol accumulation induced by hypertension rather than to a direct stimulation of arterial wall lipid synthesis by hypertension per se.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Incorporation in vitro of 14C-labelled acetate and 32P-labelled phosphate into lipid in thoracic aortae from hypertensive and nomotensive rabbits. 97 45

The incidence of ischaemic diseases in familial hypercholesterolaemia and xanthomatosis (familial Type II) was studied in a group of 158 men and 116 women. (1) Men and women did not differ with regard to the inherited metabolic disease. Levels of serum cholesterol, the marker of the genetic defect, were not statistically different, and cholesterol deposition in tissues, visualized by skin tendon xanthomas, was not sex related. (2) Men and women were different with regard to ischaemic diseases. The incidence was much lower in women, and the mean age of onset 9 years later. Moreover, there was a sex difference in the nature of the ischaemic disease, with a high male predominance of myocardial infarction. (3) Since the major risk factor hypercholesterolaemia could not explain such a difference, the role of other risk factors was investigated. It was shown that the incidence of ischaemic diseases was increased in women by cigarette smoking and hypertension, and that the difference in age of onset between males and females was no longer seen in smoking women. It is suggested that the genetic factor is responsible for the atherosclerotic lesion in both sexes and that other factors playing a role in ischaemic complications including tobacco and hypertension may explain the difference between men and women.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Ischaemic disease in men and women with familial hypercholesterolaemia and xanthomatosis. A comparative study of genetic and environmental factors in 274 heterozygous cases. 97 46

It was found by comparative histological and morphometrical studies, carried out on 125 human hearts of different age (20-90 years) and sex, that there exist critical limiting ranges of intima thickness and the intima/media relationship (IMR) for diffuse intimal thickening and the preatheroma phase of arteriosclerosis. Since furthermore a maximum and a minimum intima thickness as relating to diffuse intimal thickening could be determined, it is assumed that the location and formation of arteriosclerotic plaques is determined by the degree of so-called diffuse intimal thickening. It follows from these findings that postnatal intimal proliferation represents a potential prearteriosclerotic lesion of the intima, and that progressive intimal thickening supports the arteriosclerotic alteration of the intima, leading, through an extensive necrosis of the intima, to the atheroma phase.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Comparative histological and morphometrical studies into the relevance of intimal thickening to coronary sclerosis. 97 47

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was measured in adipose tissue, heart and diaphragm in Sprague--Dawley rats after estrogen therapy or orchiectomy. Enzyme activity was measured by incubation of tissue fragments with a triolein emulsion in the presence of serum and heparin. In confirmation of other work, depression of adipose tissue LPL followed estradiol treatment in pharmacologic or near-physiologic doses. Cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle LPL were increased. Estrogen-treated male animals showed growth retardation. However, they gained weight steadily and did not show significant differences in serum insulin, glucose of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The effects of estradiol in male animals were reversed by sequential fasting and re-feeding. At times during growth and aging in normal female rats, adipose tissue activity was decreased while cardiac and skeletal muscle activities were increased relative to males of the same age or body weight. Castration of male rats failed to reproduce the effect of estrogens on tissue lipoprotein lipase. These in vitro data suggest that exogenous estrogens may shift the flux of triglyceride fatty acids from storage in the adipose organ toward incorporation by muscle. These, and other data, raise the possibility that physiological estrogen secretion exerts a tonic influence over the synthesis and ultimate destination of triglyceride fatty acids.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Estrogen treatment and gonadal function in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase. 97 48

Intestinal lymph chylomicrons, isotopically labelled with radioactive triacylglycerol and cholesterol, were injected into normally fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits in order to establish the pattern of clearance of intestinal lipoproteins from the plasma. In normal rabbits the cholesterol moiety of chylomicrons was removed from the plasma less readily than triacylglycerol. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, the clearance of triacylglycerol was unaltered, but clearance of chylomicron cholesterol was further retarded. The majority of the injected lymph cholesterol was recovered in d less than 1.019 g/ml lipoproteins. These observations support the notions that clearance of chylomicron remnants is impaired in the rabbit, and that hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed rabbit is due to an accumulation of chylomicron remnants in the plasma.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Chylomicron metabolism in rabbits fed diets with or without added cholesterol. 97 49


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