Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and morphologic findings are described in a 22 year old man with prolonged thromboyctosis, and coronary and splenic arterial thrombi causing myocardial and splenic infarcts. The absence of preexistent extensive coronary atherosclerosis, the presence of thrombus in more than one epicardial artery and in multiple intramural coronary arteries, the presence of arterial thrombosis in a noncoronary artery (splenic) and the absence of another apparent cause of the arterial thromboses are evidences that the intraarterial clotting in this patient was related to the severe thrombocytosis. A reveiw of the reported cases of vascular occlusion associated with thrombocytosis indicates that thrombi have infrequently been confirmed as the mechanism of the vascular occlusion. Although the frequency of vascular thrombi in patients with thrombocytosis has not been established, it is clear that vascular thrombosis can be a consequence of thrombocytosis and, as demonstrated by the present patient, that the coronary artery may be the site of the vascular occlusion, a heretofore unconfirmed event.
Am J Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Thrombocytosis, coronary thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction. 47 96

The aortic content of glycopeptide sialic acid, hexosamine and hexose was studied in a genetically selected strain of White Carneau pigeons (WC-2) with significantly more severe atherosclerosis than randomly bred White Carneau pigeons (RBWC). Pigeons were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months and examined to determine differences in content of glycopeptide-sugars between WC-2 and RBWC, changes with the progression of atherosclerosis and the relationship of aortic cholesterol to glycopeptide-sugar content. In animals with mainly normal aorta (cholesterol content of 0.2-0.3 mg/cm2-aorta) sialic acid was significantly lower in WC-2 pigeons. The progression of atherosclerosis was associated with increased aortic glycopeptide sialic acid (r = 0.78; p less than 0.05) in WC-2 pigeons whereas an inverse relationship was suggested in RBWC pigeons. In WC-2, but not RBWC pigeons, significant positive relationships were seen for aortic glycopeptide hexosamine and aortic cholesterol and for aortic glycopeptide hexose and aortic cholesterol. The findings implicate a possible role of aortic glycoproteins in either the initiation or modulation of atherosclerosis of the WC-2 pigeon.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Aortic glycopeptide sialic acid, hexose and hexosamine in a genetically selected (WC-2) strain of atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeon. 49 39

beta-Oxidation of long-chain fatty acids increases many-fold in atherosclerotic aortas; this may be due to an increase in the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme hexadecanoyl-CoA: carnitine O-hexadecanoyltransferase EC 2.3.1.23 (trivial name: carnitine palmitoyltransferase, CPT). To investigate this possibility, an assay for arterial CPT was developed and used to measure CPT activity in mitochondrial fractions isolated from aortas of rabbits fed high-fat (HF) or high-fat plus cholesterol (HFC) supplemented diets. The arterial CPT assay was linear with respect to mitochondrial protein between 0.03 and 0.30 mg and assay time between 3 and 12 min. Maximum CPT activity was observed at concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA between 5 and 25 micron, higher concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA inhibited CPT activity. CPT activity was measured in mitochondrial fractions isolated from aortas of rabbits fed the HFC-supplemented diet for up to 48 days. No visible lesions were observed in aortas of rabbits fed HFC-diet for 3,9, or 21 days, however, by 48 days atheromatous lesions covered in excess of 60% of the intimal surface of the aorta. No lesions were visually observed in aortas of rabbits receiving the HF-diet. Despite the development of gross atherosclerotic lesions, there were no changes in CPT activity observed that could account for a dramatic increase in fatty acid oxidation. It is concluded that the increase in beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in atherosclerosis is not attributable to an increase in CPT activity.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in mitochondrial fractions isolated from aortas of rabbits fed cholesterol-supplemented diets. 49 40

Rats were maintained for 2 weeks on 3 different diets; a basal diet, one containing 0.1% cholate, and one containing 0.1% cholesterol and 0.1% cholate. Each dietary group was further divided into subgroups whose diet contained 0, 5 or 10% (dry weight) of minced corbicula (Corbicula japonica Prime). Feeding corbicula significantly reduced the increase of cholesterol levels in rats fed the cholesterol diet. Though corbicula contains several sterols, sterols other than cholesterol were almost not absorbed. Serum and liver triglyceride levels were significantly reduced by feeding corbicula meat in all the dietary groups. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were also markedly reduced by feeding corbicula. The results suggest that corbicula is a hypolipidemic food.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Effect of feeding the shell fish (Corbicula japonica) on lipid metabolism in the rat. 49 41

The effects of wheat bran and other sources of dietary fibre on serum total and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol were investigated in a group of 62 subjects, with rigid control of dietary intake. It was found that a high-fibre diet with vegetables and fruits as well as a low-fibre diet, to which isolated citrus pectin had been added to the same level as present in the vegetables and fruits diet, caused a small decrease in the concentration of serum cholesterol after 5 weeks. Surprisingly, addition of bran (on average 38 g/day) to a low-fibre diet caused an increase in the level of serum cholesterol by on average 0.34 mmol/l (P less than or equal to 0.005). The amount and type of dietary fibre had no substantial effect on the HDL-cholesterol concentration.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Increase of serum cholesterol in man fed a bran diet. 49 42

In the present study the effect of surgery on blood pressure was investigated in 35 patients with renovascular hypertension: 17 patients with fibromuscular hyperplasia (FMD) and 18 with atherosclerosis (ASS) of the renal artery. Patients with FMD were younger (31,8 years), showed a shorter duration of hypertension (1.8 years) and were prevalently female (82%), whereas patients with ASS were markedly older (48.2 years), showed a longer duration of hypertension (2.6 years) and were most often male (78%). In both groups of patients the intravenous urogram was positive in a comparable high percentage (FMD=64%, ASS=61%). Following surgical intervention 47%(n=8) of the 17 patients with FMD were cured, 47% (n=8) were improved and only 6% (n=1) showed insufficient reduction of blood pressure values. In ASS the respective values were 28, 55 and 17%. Consequently a good effect of surgery (cured and improved) was observed in 88.5% of all patients. Patients with ASS who failed to respond to surgery (n=3) showed a remarkable long duration of hypertension (7.0 plus or minus 1.4 years). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined preoperatively in both renal veins in all 35 patients. From these values the PRA-ratio (PRA affected/unaffected side) was calculated. In 27 patients PRA determinations were repeated following (15 and 30 min) intravenous injection of 40 mg furosemide. PRA-ratios of larger than or equal to 1.5 were considered to be significant. In 31 patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension PRA-ratios were correlated to the postoperative blood pressure reduction. No significant differences in mean PRA-ratios were observed between cured and improved patients. Furthermore, for the total group of 31 patients no significant correlations were obtained between PRA-ratios and postoperative blood pressure reduction. Our results do not support the widespread opinion that PRA determinations in both renal veins are useful to predict the effect of surgery in patients with unilateral renovascular disease. Therefore, from our experience this method should not be recommended as obligatory in the diagnostic work-up of renovascular hypertension.
Klin Wochenschr 1979 Sep 03
PMID:[Renovascular hypertension. Prognostic value of renal venous renin determinations (author's transl)]. 50 54

Apexcardiograms were performed in 68 consecutive patients who had either normal findings or coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. The height of the a wave in relation to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) and the duration of both the rapid (RFW) and the slow (SFW) filling periods were determined in each case. The patients were classified into three gorups: I, no evidence of heart disease on catheterization; II, significant coronary artery disease with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and III, coronary artery disease with normal filling pressure. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the SFW/RFW values (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) in control subject (group I, 2.3 +/- 0.5) and in subjects with coronary artery disease (group II, 4.7 +/- 1.6 and group III, 4 +/- 1.7). Setting the upper limit of normal for SFW/RFW at 2.8 (mean + 1 standard deviation) identified 94 percent of patients, in group II, 71 percent of patients in group III and 86 percent of all patients with coronary disease (group II plus group III). This sensitivity appeared greater than that of the a/H ratio. Only 2 of 17 patients (12 percent) without coronary atherosclerosis had an SFW/RFW ratio greater than 2.8. It is concluded that (1) the slow/rapid filling period ratio is a useful noninvasive measurement for identifying subjects with ischemic heart disease; (2) the increased values for slow/rapid filling period ratio associated with obstructive coronary lesions may be caused by impairment of early left ventricular distensibility; and (3) this ratio should be determined in patients with other forms of heart disease to determine its specificity.
Am J Cardiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Slow filling period/rapid filling period ratio in the apexcardiogram: relation to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 68 50

Detailed studies of aortas from 8 rabbits showed that serious artefacts occur if the aortas are pinned at their in vivo dimensions, rather than fixed at physiological pressure. In the pinned aortas, the proximal parts of the branches were pulled up onto the aortic wall. This was more pronounced for the large branches of the abdominal aorta than for the smaller intercostal branches. This artefact caused atherosclerotic lesions, which had developed at the origin of the branch, to appear as if they were entirely on the aortic wall. We found that a marked change in the elastin pattern was present at the origin of the branch; this can be used to mark the true origin of the branch. With the pressure technique we found that lesions had different shapes and locations at different branch points.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Sep
PMID:Artefacts of localization of atherosclerosis in pinned aortas. 70 94

Plasma cholesterol concentrations were measured in rats after incorporation of garri in their diet; control animals were fed a diet without garri. Cholesterol concentrations decreased with incorporation of garri in the diet, but a saturation point was reached after which garri had no further lowering effect on plasma cholesterol. Histology of the kidney and liver revealed cellular vacuolation and cytoplasmic swelling in garri-fed animals.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Sep
PMID:The effect of garri on rat plasma cholesterol. 70 95

Previous analyses of the arterial wall oxygen supply system have assumed that a cell-free layer of plasma next to the endothelium is the major transport barrier in the lumen. Using a computer simulation, we have quantitatively tested this assumption. Our results show that oxygen diffusion gradients extend significantly into the flowing blood well beyond any plasma layer and that the major luminal transport resistance lies in the flowing blood and not in the plasma layer. The simulation was also employed to compute the effect of a reported 50% drop in plasma oxygen diffusivity. This rather large reduction did significantly lower oxygen levels within the arterial wall tissue. Whether such large reductions in diffusivity ever actually occur in human plasma is a subject of current controversy.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Sep
PMID:Significance of luminal plasma layer resistance in arterial wall oxygen supply. 70 96


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