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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 160 1-2 day old chickens were fed a 2% cholesterol diet for a period of 8 to 42 days and compared with an equal number of controls. Aortas were analyzed for various indexes of reactivity of connective tissue, cholesterol content and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characteristics of the endothelial lining. Cholesterol feeding for a period up to 6 weeks resulted in doubling the level of serum cholesterol. It was, however, without effect on the activity of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl oxidase, collagenase and collagen content in the aortic wall. As early as 3 weeks of feeding significant changes occurred in total and esterified cholesterol content. At the same time endothelial cells were characteristically contracted with several long cytoplasmic elongations and protrusions. A significant decrease of activity of the above enzymes was found in aortic tissue with increased age of the chicken. Collagen content in aortas increased with age of chickens. It is concluded that cholesterol as an atherogenic agent induces marked changes in endothelial cells and lipids of chicken aorta at earlier periods, prior to the activation of connective tissue.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Early changes in the arterial wall of chickens fed a cholesterol diet. 0 48

Studies were undertaken on the immune reactions in aging at cerebral atherosclerosis and parkinsonism. With age a number of changes occurred, which were characterized by a decrease in specific and non-specific immunity, against the background of which the autoimmune reactions were developing. There was an increase in the frequency of the detection of antibodies to antigens of the brain as well as in those of the aorta, heart, liver and pancreatic gland. The "peak" of autoimmune reactions was registered at 65 years in men and 75 years in women. There were lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, which together with homologic antigens inhibited the migration of macrophages. In subjects aged 90 years and over the autoantibodies occurred in a lower percent of cases as compared with the subjects aged 60--74. In subjects aged 45--55 with cerebral atherosclerosis the indices under study appeared to be close to those in healthy persons aged 60--74. Still more marked immunological shifts were found in patients with parkinsonism. The findings may suggest a certain role of the autoimmune mechanisms in pathogenesis of some forms of nervous pathology at late stages of ontogenesis and atherosclerosis.
Aktuelle Gerontol 1978 Sep
PMID:[Autoimmune phenomena in the aging, cerebral atherosclerosis, Parkinsonism (author's transl)]. 3 Mar 28

Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was determined in preparations of rabbit and guinea pig aorta utilizing micellar and glycerol-dispersed cholesterol oleate substrates. Both substrate preparations demonstrated an acid pH optimum of 4--5 for the soluble and particulate rabbit media cholesterol ester hydrolase, suggesting a lysosomal origin for this activity. Approximately one-fifth of the total recovered activity was particulate. Particulate media preparations from guinea pig aorta also demonstrated cholesterol ester hydrolase activity at acid pH values with a definite optimum at pH 5 for the glycerol-dispersed substrate. However, in contrast to the rabbit media enzyme, activity was also observed at neutral pH with another optimum at pH 7. The supernatant enzyme from guinea pig media exhibited only a single pH optimum of 7. Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity from either rabbit or guinea pig media was not influenced by preincubation with cyclic AMP, ATP and protein kinase. The addition of chloroquine resulted in the inhibition of both the rabbit and guinea pig enzyme. Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity from rabbit and guinea pig media was also inhibited by phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride; activity measured at pH 7 (guinea pig) was more sensitive to inhibition than activity measured at pH 5 (guinea pig and rabbit).
Atherosclerosis 1978 Sep
PMID:Characterization of cholesterol ester hydrolase activities in rabbit and guinea pig aortas. 3 Apr 61

The foam cell is viewed as a specific component of the atherosclerotic plaque found in human or experimentally induced in the animal. A study using light microscopy (staining with Sudan III) and electron microscopy was performed on cell cultures derived from rat aortic media. Sudanophilic and electron transparent vacuoles were observed in vitro in 11 week cultures. The sudanophilic cells were either scattered or crowded in clusters; some of them were found in a mitotic phase. Different serums were applied to the cultures starting from the 6th week: either calf serum (continuing the previous treatment), or normocholesterolemic rat serum (NCRS) or hypercholesterolemic rat serum (HCRS). Sudanophilic cells were observed more frequently in the cultures on exposure to HCRS than to NCRS (p less than 0.05). Thus it was possible to induce the formation of foam cells in vitro in cultures of arterial tissue derived from the rat, which is known to be resistant to atherosclerosis.
Paroi Arterielle 1976 Sep
PMID:[Formation of xanthomatous cells in vitro from the aortic media of the rat]. 6 56

Transfer of low-density lipoprotein (L.D.L.2) from plasma to arterial intima was studied in 16 patients undergoing arterial surgery. Autologous labelled lipoprotein was used to demonstrate that L.D.L.2 enters the intima from plasma. Net flux of L.D.L.2 appeared to increase with age. Within each age-group the net flux of L.D.L.2 showed a pronounced positive correlation with plasma-L.D.L.-cholesterol concentrations. This may account in part for the association between hypercholesterolaemia and the development of atherosclerosis.
Lancet 1977 Sep 03
PMID:Influence of lipid concentrations and age on transfer of plasma lipoprotein into human arterial intima. 7 Jun 86

The association of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) with significant coronary atherosclerosis is little known, only 43 cases being available in the literature, 2 of which are personal ones. But the incidence of this association has certainly been underestimated. It is especially found from the sixth decade onwards, and at least 20% of patients with IHSS in and above the age group have stenosing lesions of the coronary artery. It is almost impossible to establish the presence of associated coronary abnormalities from the clinical features of from electrocardiogram. It does however seem worthwhile looking for this condition in IHSS when there is refractory chest pain, especially to beta-blockers, particularly if the patient is aged over 50 and has risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. It is also good to find IHSS associated with known coronary artery disease by using simple non-invasive techniques such as phonomechanocardiography and especially echo-cardiography; it is important not to miss the myocardial lesion and to treat concurrently if there is likely to be an indication for dealing with the coronary arteries surgically. The beta-blockers are the treatment of choice for both conditions, together with anticoagulents. If they fail, myectomy or myotomy together with aorto-coronary bypass graft should be considered.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1978 Sep
PMID:[Obstructive cardiomyopathy and associated coronary atherosclerosis. Review of the literature and report of 2 personal cases]. 10 92

Certain clinical and morphologic observations are described in 27 patients with severe isolated angina pectoris of either the stable (five patients) or the unstable form (22 patients). Twenty-four patients died during or shortly after cardiac operations designed to relieve angina pectoris and three died during cardiac catheterization. During life none had had clinical evidence of acute myocardial infarction or congestive cardiac failure. At necropsy, each had diffuse, extensive coronary atherosclerosis with severe luminal narrowing: the lumens of at least two, an average of three, of the four major epicardial coronary arteries were narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area by old atherosclerotic plaques. Despite the severe coronary narrowing, there was little myocardial damage. Left ventricular scarring (excluding papillary muscle) was observed grossly in only 14 (52%) of the 27 patients and in each it involved only a small portion of myocardial wall. The left ventricular cavity was of normal size in all except two patients. The hearts were of normal weight in 15 (56%) patients, and the average increase above the upper range of normal for the other 12 hearts was 19%. Thus, clinically isolated, severe angina pectoris is associated with severe, diffuse luminal narrowing but relatively little myocardial damage.
Circulation 1976 Sep
PMID:The coronary arteries and left ventricle in clinically isolated angina pectoris: a necropsy analysis. 13

The relationship between urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and total serum cholesterol was evaluated in an epidemiological study of coronary risk factors. The results of this study show statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.238; P -0.014) between the urinary excretion of DHEA (mg/g creatinine) and total serum cholesterol. Total serum cholesterol (r = 0.278) and to a lesser extent. DHEA (R = 0.021) were found to be correlated with age. However, it was determined that the correlation between serum cholesterol and urinary DHEA was not attributable to the effect of age, since the partial correlation coefficient between serum cholesterol and urinary DHEA adjusted for age (r = 0.240) was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Negative but non-significant correlations were also found between urinary excretion of DHEA and many of the accepted risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Total serum cholesterol and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone in humans. 13 63

Already in the early stages of atherosclerosis still before the appearance of coarsely visible changes subendothelially fibrin-like material is found in the places of predilection known, which reveals electron-microscopically the typical periodicity. Lesions of the endothelium with increase of permeability, release of coagulation factors and mitogenic substances which stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells always precede. There are several mechanisms for the penetration of fibrinogen or fibrin into the vascular wall, the proportion of which changes with the progressing of the atherosclerosis. They are discussed in detail. Mechanisms of fibrinolysis, in which plasmin or activators of plasmin occupy a key position, effect against this process. By histochemical estimation of this activator the fibrinolytical potential of the vascular system can be investigated under various clinical conditions. For this a series of instances is cited.
Z Gesamte Inn Med 1978 Sep 01
PMID:[Fibrin deposits and fibrinolysis in pre and early stages of arteriosclerosis]. 15 92

Levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein pattern and the insolubilization of serum low density lipoproteins (LDL, betalipoprotein) by a factor present in arterial intima--media extracts was investigated in 55 patients with acute coronary heart disease and 50 healthy controls. In blood samples obtained 24 h after the episode, the serum betalipoproteins from male normotensive patients showed a high tendency to precipitate when incubated with the intima-media extracts, nearly twice the value measured in the control group. This affinity returned almost to control level after 21 days in the hospital. Hypertensive patients showed a serum cholesterol higher than the controls but almost no difference in LDL-arterial factor interaction. The composition of isolated LDL was studied in 7 patients and 8 controls and it was found that the total cholesterol/protein plus phospholipid ratio has a positive exponential correlation with the lipoprotein-arterial factor affinity. The results of LDL analyses suggest that a change in their composition, frequent in normotensive patients, can lead to an increased affinity of this lipoprotein for arterial intimamedia components. It is proposed that this process could be an additional risk factor contributing to the deposition of LDL in the arterial wall.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:The affinity of low density lipoproteins for an arterial macromolecular complex. A study in ischemic heart disease and controls. 18 97


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