Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to evaluate the effect of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on lipid metabolism, we measured serum lipoperoxides concentration ( LPX ) as well as plasma levels of renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PAC) and bradykinin ( PBK ) before and after captopril administration in 15 hypertensive patients. Captopril significantly lowered the LPX (p less than 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA) from the control value of 3.25 +/- 1.16 (mean +/- S.D.) to 2.92 +/- 0.94, 2.83 +/- 1.10, and 2.89 +/- 1.31 nmol/ml 30, 60, and 120 min after the administration, respectively. A significant reduction of blood pressure (p less than 0.0001) and PAC (p less than 0.01) was observed following captopril administration, while PBK increased significantly (p less than 0.001) from a baseline level of 10.85 +/- 4.07 to 13.95 +/- 5.29, 16.25 +/- 6.85, and 15.71 +/- 7.65 pg/ml 30, 60, and 120 min after captopril administration, respectively. There was no significant correlation between changes in serum LPX and in mean blood pressure, PRA and PAC, though a significant inverse relationship was found between changes in serum LPX and in PBK 120 min after the administration (r = -0.576, p less than 0.05, n = 13). Although the mechanisms by which serum LPX is decreased by captopril are not clear, it is suggested from the results that captopril is a beneficial antihypertensive agent for preventing LPX -induced atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.
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PMID:[The effects of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on serum lipoperoxides level and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems in hypertensive patients]. 637 99

Atherosclerotic plaques contain a significant number of macrophage foam cells and are associated with an inflammatory state. Inflammation induces the secretion from monocytes and other cells of cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteinases and proteinase inhibitors among many other molecular species. AAT is prominent among the serine proteinase inhibitors and is an important regulator of leukocyte elastase and proteinase-3. It has been shown that the stable AAT-proteinase complex can upregulate AAT biosynthesis, and we have shown that the shorter, carboxyl terminal peptide (C-36) resulting from proteinase cleavage of AAT polymerizes, and in its fibrillar form alters cellular metabolism. To test for a possible link between the inflammation-generated C-36 peptide and cellular processes associated with atherogenesis, we have studied the effects of the fibrillar form of this peptide at varying concentrations on human monocytes in culture. We have found that fibrillar C-36 at concentrations of greater than or equal to 5 micromol/l in monocyte cultures for 24 h significantly increases LDL binding and uptake, upregulates LDL receptors, induces cytokine production and glutathione reductase activity, and upregulates AAT synthesis. The expression of CD36 protein, LDL Scavenger receptor, is also upregulated by fibrillar C-36 and native LDL in the presence of C-36-activated monocytes is more oxidized than with unactivated control monocytes. The majority of monocytes cultured for 24 h in the presence of C-36 fibrils were transformed morphologically into macrophages. These data establish a direct molecular link, mediated by C-36 peptide of AAT, between inflammation and the oxidation and accumulation of lipid in monocyte-derived macrophages. This may be important for an understanding of the events conducive to atherogenesis.
Atherosclerosis 1999 Dec
PMID:Atherogenic properties of human monocytes induced by the carboxyl terminal proteolytic fragment of alpha-1-antitrypsin. 1055 12

Serum ceruloplasmin, C3 complement and albumin in 119 male smokers and 65 male non-smoker; from a military unit in Bangkok were investigated in this study. The serum ceruloplasmin concentration was found to be significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. However, the serum albumin concentration in smokers was statistically significantly lower than in non-smokers. Significant associations were also found between ages, albumin levels and the quantity of cigarettes smoked. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and C3 complement concentrations. An association between the quantity of cigarettes smoked and albumin was also found, as well as a significant relationship between smoking and the quantities of cigarettes smoked to serum ceruloplasmin levels when smoking and the quantity of cigarettes smoked were taken as independent variables, and the serum ceruloplasmin levels as a dependent variable. This might suggest that high concentrations of the acute-phase protein, i.e. ceruloplasmin, might constitute a risk of developing atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease in smokers.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2002 Mar
PMID:The effect of cigarette smoking on ceruloplasmin and C3 complement: risk of cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis). 1212 14

Several studies have reported on the effect of palm olein oil (PO; palmitic acid content approximately 38%) incorporation into the diet on blood cholesterol concentration. Information on the effect of PO on atherosclerosis is, however, lacking. In vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concen-trations can be modulated by the type and amount of fat in the diet. The vervet is a proven model for both the type and composition of human atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PO in a moderate-fat moderate-cholesterol diet (MFD) on plasma lipoproteins and the progression of atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model after 25.5 months of dietary exposure. Thirty adult male vervets, never exposed to a Western-type atherogenic diet, were stabilised on a MFD (28%E fat; 26 mg cholesterol/1000 kJ) with a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 0.4 for six weeks. Baseline LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and bodyweight were used to stratify the vervets into three comparable groups of 10 each. One group continued with the MFD in which 11.0%E was derived from lard (AF). In the other two groups, the AF was substituted isocalorically with either sunflower oil (SO) or PO. Plasma lipids were measured at 6-monthly intervals and atherosclerosis was assessed in the aorta and in five peripheral arteries after 25.5 months of dietary exposure. The frequency of atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries and aortas was low. PO, relative to SO and AF, significantly reduced the risk for developing early lesions in peripheral arteries (P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0038, respectively) and, relative to AF, in aortas (P = 0.0335). The cholesterolaemic effect of MFD-PO was not significantly different from MFD-SO and MFD-AF. However, at 24 months the plasma total cholesterol concentration with MFD-AF was significantly higher than with MFD-SO (P = 0.0256). It is confirmed that a MFD with PO is no different from AF or SO in its cholesterolaemic effect. The anti-atherogenic efficacy of a MFD with PO, relative to SO and AF, was demonstrated in a non-human primate model of atherogenesis.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Effect of palm olein oil in a moderate-fat diet on plasma lipoprotein profile and aortic atherosclerosis in non-human primates. 1249 29

Cardiovascular disease, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and, in the near future, more so in the developing world. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is the underlying basis for CAD. Growth of the plaque leads to coronary stenosis, causing a progressive decrease in blood flow that results in angina pectoris. Acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina were recently recognised as related to plaque rupture, not progressive coronary stenosis. Acute thrombus formation causes an abrupt coronary occlusion. The characteristics of the fibrin cap, contents of the plaque, rheological factors and active inflammation within the plaque contribute to plaque rupture. Oxidative processes are important in plaque formation. Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) but not unoxidized LDL is engulfed by resident intimal macrophages, transforming them into foam cells which develop into fatty streaks, the precursors of the atherosclerotic plaque. Inflammation is important both in plaque formation and rupture. Animal studies have shown that antioxidants reduce plaque formation and lead to plaque stabilisation. In humans, high intakes of antioxidants are associated with lower incidence of CAD, despite high serum cholesterol levels. This observation suggests a role for inflammation in CAD and that reducing inflammation using antioxidants may ameliorate these processes. Men and women with high intakes of vitamin E were found to have less CAD. Vitamin E supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events in the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction. In the hierarchy of evidence in evidence-based medicine, data from large placebo-controlled clinical trials is considered necessary. Results from various mega-trials have not shown benefits (nor adverse effects) conferred by vitamin E supplementation, suggesting that vitamin E has no role in the treatment of CAD. These results do not seem to confirm, at the clinical level, the effect of antioxidants against active inflammation during plaque rupture. However, a closer examination of these studies showed a number of limitations, rendering them inconclusive in addressing the role of vitamin E in CAD prevention and treatment. Further studies that specifically address the issue of vitamin E in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and in the treatment of CAD need be performed. These studies should use the more potent antioxidant property of alpha-tocotrienol vitamin E.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002
PMID:Vitamin E in cardiovascular disease: has the die been cast? 1249 32

The palm fruit (Elaies guineensis) yields palm oil, a palmitic-oleic rich semi solid fat and the fat-soluble minor components, vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols), carotenoids and phytosterols. A recent innovation has led to the recovery and concentration of water-soluble antioxidants from palm oil milling waste, characterized by its high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. These natural ingredients pose both challenges and opportunities for the food and nutraceutical industries. Palm oil's rich content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids has actually been turned into an asset in view of current dietary recommendations aimed at zero trans content in solid fats such as margarine, shortenings and frying fats. Using palm oil in combination with other oils and fats facilitates the development of a new generation of fat products that can be tailored to meet most current dietary recommendations. The wide range of natural palm oil fractions, differing in their physico-chemical characteristics, the most notable of which is the carotenoid-rich red palm oil further assists this. Palm vitamin E (30% tocopherols, 70% tocotrienols) has been extensively researched for its nutritional and health properties, including antioxidant activities, cholesterol lowering, anti-cancer effects and protection against atherosclerosis. These are attributed largely to its tocotrienol content. A relatively new output from the oil palm fruit is the water-soluble phenolic-flavonoid-rich antioxidant complex. This has potent antioxidant properties coupled with beneficial effects against skin, breast and other cancers. Enabled by its water solubility, this is currently being tested for use as nutraceuticals and in cosmetics with potential benefits against skin aging. A further challenge would be to package all these palm ingredients into a single functional food for better nutrition and health.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003
PMID:Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition. 1450 1

Vascular replacement in vital organs is sometimes necessary for human life for example because of atherosclerosis. Blood vessel tissue engineering is applied for autologous transplantations to avoid graft rejections. Stem cells are used for blood vessel tissue engineering because they are the origin of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. This paper shows that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into the early stage of smooth muscle cells by using 0.01 microM retinoic acid. The differentiation of BMSCs to smooth muscle cells was detected by the expression of smooth muscle alpha actin (SM alpha-actin), the earliest smooth muscle cell marker. The SM alpha-actin marker expression was demonstrated using indirect immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. The induction of BMSC to form early stages of smooth muscle cells in this study is appropriate for blood vessel tissue engineering because the early stage smooth muscle cells may be stimulated to develop vascular walls with endothelial cells using a co-culture system.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol
PMID:Increased smooth muscle actin expression from bone marrow stromal cells under retinoic acid treatment: an attempt for autologous blood vessel tissue engineering. 1625 40

It is increasingly clear that non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis, are important not only for the developed but also the developing world. Prevention efforts depend on community-based interventions and for these to be successful a participatory approach is necessary. The present paper describes experiences with middle-aged females living in a village in Isan, the Northeastern area of Thailand, focusing on the steps necessary to develop trust between researcher and subjects, the actual conditions of the women involved and their problems. From this base a number of interventions are planned taking into account the wishes of the villagers themselves, including a project to facilitate participation in physical exercise, a prime measure for prevention of cancer and other NCDs.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Health promotion for middle-aged Isan women, Thailand: a participatory approach. 1662 16

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries is a main cause of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Matrix metalloproteinases, a super-family of zink-dependent enzymes, which are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by the activation of migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and by the induction of destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Some observations suggest that C(-1562)T polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) promoter predisposes to multivessel IHD. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between C(-1562)T MMP-9 polymorphism and angiographically-documented coronary atheroclerosis in 110 patiens. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood nuclear cells was amplified by PCR method with pair of primers flanking the polymorphic regions and subsequently MMP-9 genotypes were identified by amplicon digestion with Pac I restriction enzyme. The T(-1562) allel was idientified by gain of restriction site. There were 67 CC homozygotes and 43 carriers of T allele (41 CT + 2 TT). No differences has been found among patiens with various number of significantly stenotic (>50%) coronary arteries (group 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectlively) in genotype distribution, age, prevalance of arterial hypertension, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and fibrinogen. However, in subjects younger < 50 years, the frequency of T(-1562) allele was significantly higher in IHD patients as compared with controls (group O). Results of our preliminary study suggest, that C(-1562)T MMP-9 transition is associated with premature IHD in Polish patients.
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PMID:[The C(-1562)T polymorphism in the promoter of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene and coronary atherosclerosis]. 1673 97

Obesity resides upstream of the constituents of metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and arteriosclerosis. Postprandial hyperlipidemia is also implicated in atherogenesis. Therefore, factors that influence the body adiposity and the magnitude of postprandial hyperlipidemia have been intensively investigated. Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, which is defined to contain DAG 80% (w/w) or greater in the present presentation, is an edible oil with similar taste and usability compared with conventional edible oil rich in TAG. Safety of DAG has been widely evaluated and listed as a GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) substance by US FDA. The aim of this review was to summarize the metabolism and nutritional functions of DAG based on the data from scientific journals and conference publications. Effect of DAG ingestion on postprandial elevations of serum lipids was investigated in several dosages, food formula, and in subjects in various conditions. Postprandial triglyceride in serum and the chylomicron fraction are significantly smaller after DAG consumption compared with TAG with a similar fatty acid composition in healthy subjects, and was remarkably reduced in subjects with insulin resistance. Long-term DAG ingestion in controlled diet or free-living condition significantly decreased body adiposity and improved type II diabetic complications. A single dose DAG consumption significantly increased fat oxidation as compared to eucaloric TAG ingestion. DAG oil consumption might be beneficial in reducing the risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, visceral obesity, postprandial hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007
PMID:Metabolism of diacylglycerol in humans. 1739 38


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