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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The plasma lipid pattern was investigated in 103 dialysis patients and 66 renal transplant patients. Only 32 percent of dialysed patients and 30 percent of transplanted patients had a normal lipid pattern. In other patients the most frequent disorder with hypertriglyceridaemia, and less frequently combined or isolated hypercholesterolaemia. Since these lipid abnormalities are known to predispose to an accelerated atherosclerosis, a dietetic therapeutic approach was tried. Fifteen transplanted patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia were submitted to a hypocaloric (1700 kcal) and low carbohydrate (130 g) diet. During dieting the plasma lipid pattern was normalised and maintained in a normal range for the period of observation (3-12 months).
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1976
PMID:Lipid patterns in haemodialysed and transplanted patients. 18 May 24

Increased triglyceride and reduced HDL cholesterol levels are 2 risk factors for atherosclerosis with a high prevalence in chronic hemodialysis patients. Whether they have the same significance in these patients as in the general population is not known. Nonethless, therapy may be indicated because of the severity of the atherosclerotic disorder. The most appropriate drug, clofibrate, is renally excreted and can be used safely if the dosage is markedly reduced. No data exists in any population that such therapy is beneficial.
Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 1977
PMID:Uremic hyperlipidemia: the nature of the problem. 21 Apr 47

Concern has been expressed that the acetate (Ac) used in dialysate may stimulate lipid synthesis and accelerate atherosclerosis. Tolchin, et al(10) calculated the fractional generation of bicarbonate from Ac, in order to estimate the amount of Ac entering the citric acid cycle. However, these calculations were based upon the assumption that the bicarbonate space was 60% of body weight. These investigators estimated that 91-93% of Ac was metabolized to bicarbonate; they suggested that 7-9% Ac may have been used for lipid synthesis. In the present experiments, 6 hemodialysis patients were infused with 2 mmoles Na bicarbonate/kg to measure directly the bicarbonate space for each patient. The bicarbonate space was 44 +/- 2% of body weight. On a separate day, the same patients were infused with 2 mmoles Na Ac/kg. Using the measured bicarbonate space, the calculated fractional generation of bicarbonate from Ac was 98 +/- 4%. Rabbit experiments were also performed with an atherogenic diet, supplemented with 10% Ac, 10% bicarbonate, or 10% glucose. After 8 mos of dietary treatment, there was no difference in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, or extent of atherosclerosis between groups. The human and animal experiments both provide evidence that Ac in dialysate does not stimulate lipid synthesis.
Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 1979
PMID:Evidence that acetate in dialysate does not stimulate lipid synthesis. 55 58

Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 50% of deaths in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Therefore we prospectively studied 54 consecutive patients on dialysis for the presence or absence of ventricular late potentials (LP). LP, i.e. low-amplitude potentials in the terminal part of the QRS complex, have been shown to be highly indicative of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. The results were correlated with echocardiographic studies and the clinical outcome during a follow-up period of 18 months. Fifty patients were suitable for evaluation (29 males, 21 females; mean age 55 years; mean time on dialysis 32 months; coronary artery disease present in 5) Our analysis revealed LP in seven of 50 patients only. Left ventricular hypertrophy, i.e. mean wall diameter > 12 mm, was present in 78%, a compromised left ventricular function, i.e. shortening fraction < 28%, was found in 28% of the patients. With respect to echocardiographic parameters, patients with and without LP were similar. During follow-up, sudden cardiac death was observed in three of 11 patients deceased. LP were detectable in one of the three only. From the remaining six patients with LP, four are still alive, and two patients died due to atherosclerosis and pulmonary embolism. Our data underline the crucial role of sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients. Ventricular late potentials, however, are of no prognostic relevance with respect to identification of dialysis patients at risk of sudden death.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992
PMID:Ventricular late potentials in haemodialysis patients and the risk of sudden death. 133 75

Accelerated atherosclerosis is a serious complication of chronic renal failure (CRF) treated by peritoneal dialysis. In order to study the pathological mechanisms underlying its development we are using an animal model, namely the C57BL/6J mouse, which develops foam cell-type atherosclerotic lesions after surgical induction of CRF. During atherogenesis, monocyte/macrophages move from the circulation to the blood vessel wall, migrate through the endothelium, imbibe lipid and transform into foam cells. Migration through the endothelium involves proteolysis by plasminogen activator (PA) and uptake of lipids involves hydrolysis of lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Both of these enzymes are secreted by macrophages. In this paper we report the results of studies on the effect of uremia on the secretion of PA and LPL by macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. The secretion of PA and LPL by macrophages from uremic mice (as defined by BUN levels) was higher than that by cells from control animals. Furthermore, whereas macrophage secretion of PA and LPL was significantly less in normal mice fed a high fat diet than in mice fed rodent chow, it was increased above control levels in uremic animals fed the atherogenic diet. We conclude that increased secretion of PA and LPL by macrophages may contribute to atherogenesis in uremic C57BL/6J mice.
Adv Perit Dial 1990
PMID:Macrophage secretory activity and atherosclerosis during chronic renal failure. 198 12

Recent animal studies suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. In order to define mechanisms whereby lipoproteins could contribute to glomerular injury, the effect of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on the proliferation of rat mesangial cells was studied in vitro. Human LDL was added to culture medium that had been rendered otherwise lipid free and proliferation rate was estimated by measuring incorporation of 3H-thymidine. When compared to standard medium, LDL-enriched medium stimulated cell division when present in protein concentrations of between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. At greater concentrations (more than 200 micrograms/ml), cell proliferation was inhibited and above 500 micrograms/ml cells sustained visible morphological injury when assessed under phase contrast microscopy. Estimation of 51Cr release from prelabelled cells confirmed that LDL was cytotoxic in these greater concentrations. A similar pattern of proliferation and toxicity has been observed in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures over a corresponding range of LDL concentrations. These results strengthen the analogy between glomerulosclerosis and atherosclerosis and provide further evidence that lipoproteins may contribute directly to glomerular scarring.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990
PMID:Effects of low-density lipoproteins on mesangial cell growth and viability in vitro. 211 45

In this study we investigated the effects of a daily supplementation of 6 g Super-EPA containing 3 g of the marine fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C 20:5 omega-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C 22:6 omega-3) for a period of 8 weeks in nine patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The concentrations of both HDL2 cholesterol and total HDL cholesterol increased (P less than 0.05) and there was a marked reduction in triglycerides (P less than 0.05). The viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions at a haematocrit of 0.80 decreased at most shear rates, suggesting an increased erythrocyte deformability. Mean corpuscular volume decreased (P less than 0.05) and total cholesterol and phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane increased. We conclude that the daily use of 3 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by CAPD patients produces favourable effects on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions, which may be of importance in protecting these patients against a further progression of atherosclerosis.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1987
PMID:The effect of fish oil on lipid profile and viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions in CAPD patients. 283 74

We performed follow-up studies in 26 patients four to 36 months after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Restenosis was found in 47 per cent of the patients who had an atherosclerotic type of stenosis and in 14 per cent of the patients with fibromuscular dysplasia. We could not detect any significant differences between the atherosclerotic patients who did develop restenosis and those who did not. In fact, the presence of generalised atherosclerosis, the severity of the stenosis and the initial success of the dilatation were similar in the two groups. It thus cannot be predicted which patients will develop restenosis.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1983
PMID:Restenosis of the renal artery after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: an inevitable outcome? 622 43

A retrospective study of 332 dialysis patients (observation period up to 17 years) demonstrated that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular death rates due to atherosclerosis did not increase with length of time on dialysis. Data analysis showed that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality during dialysis is primarily caused by high blood pressure existing prior to commencement of dialysis and an unfavourable very low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (VLDL/HDL) cholesterol quotient at the beginning of dialysis treatment. The treatment of the patient before acceptance onto dialysis seems therefore to be the determining factor in the prognosis on dialysis.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1983
PMID:Does atherosclerosis caused by dialysis limit this treatment? 634 34

The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of bezafibrate were studied in 15 RDT patients in a placebo controlled trial. Serum half life of bezafibrate was prolonged to 17--21.5 hours compared to 1.6--2.1 hours in normals. Adequate dosage in RDT patients was found to be 200mg every 3rd day. Bezafibrate treatment resulted in significant decrease in the serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, whereas HDL-cholesterol serum levels increased. Under this dosage regimen no adverse side effects were observed. Bezafibrate offers the possibility of correcting disturbances of lipid metabolism of RDT patients, possibly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of these patients.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1981
PMID:Improvement of hyperlipidaemia by bezafibrate treatment in RDT patients. 703 47


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