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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-one cases of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO) were studied during 1969-70. Nearly all were males, smokers, of poor socio-economic status. Average age of presentation was 34.2 years. A majority (64%) presented with claudication pain. About one fifth gave history of migratory thrombophlebitis and venography and histological investigations suggested that sixty per cent had venous involvement. Nearly half the patients had involvement of upper limb vessels. Clinical and arteriographic studies showed femoral-popliteal junction to be the commonest site of block. No evidence of coronary artery disease, cerebral vascular disease, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism was seen in these patients. Arteriographic findings were unlike atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO). From this study we conclude that thromboangitis obliterans (TAO) is a separate and distinct clinical and pathologic entity and the incidence of venous involvement is very high if venographic investigations are combined with clinical examination.
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PMID:Thromboangitis obliterans: a clinical study with special emphasis on venous involvement. 105 73

Although the stated requirement for linoleic acid in humans is less than 2% of the dietary calories, recently there has been considerable emphasis on the necessity to substitute dietary polyunsaturates for saturates in order to reduce serum cholesterol levels. In this study we have sought to determine the nutritional consequences of feeding a very high level of linoleate to rats. Three groups of thirty adult animals each were fed a semipurified diet consisting by weight of casein 17%; mineral mixture 5.5%; vitamin mixture in glucose 2.2%; cellulose fiber 3.0%; and corn oil 0% (group A), 10% (group B) or 40% (group C), which was provided at the expense of glucose. At the end of four weeks on the diets, blood was obtained in the fasting state from 16 rats in each group. The serum was ultracentrifugally fractionated into six classes of lipoproteins and analyzed for lipid composition and protein content. Disc gel electrophoresis using lipid and protein stains established that the various lipoprotein subclasses were reasonably free of adjacent density fractions. Although the total serum cholesterol levels were practically the same in the three groups, the cholesterol moiety of the major low density lipoproteins, LDL2 (d 1.019-1.050), but not of very low density lipoproteins, VLDL (d 1.006) or low density lipoproteins, LDL1 (d 1.006-1.019), was substantially and very significantly increased in rats fed the high level of corn oil as compared to the other groups. The concentration of the very low density lipoproteins was significantly lower in group C than in the groups A and B. The LDL2 concentration but not that of LDL1 was significantly greater in group C as compared to group A. The cholesterol/total lipid ratio was significantly greater in both LDL2 and LDL1 but not in VLDL of group C as compared with group A. The serum high density lipoproteins were relatively less influenced by the ingestion of an excessive level of corn oil at this time period. The serum lipoprotein levels as well as their lipid composition were generally similar in groups A and B and suggested that a moderate level (5%) of dietary linoleate did not cause any untoward changes in rats. On the basis of current information on the metabolism of lipoproteins, it has been proposed that the increase in rat serum LDL2 of group C reflects the status of the liver and that a large portion of the cholesterol moiety of LDL2 is perhaps derived from the liver while the protein and phospholipid portions may represent remnants of VLDL catabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis
PMID:The influence of a high level of corn oil on rat serum lipoproteins. 107 91

The effect of 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(beta-benzoyloxyethyl)-amino- propane hydrochloride (780 SE) on serum lipids, blood glucose and liver weight was studied in 4 experimental models, and compared with that of clofibrate and tiadenol. When rats were given a daily oral dose of 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg of 780 SE for 5 days a marked reduction of serum triglycerides and liver weight was observed. The decreases were more pronounced than those in rats treated with 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of clofibrate or tiadenol. On the other hand, a reduction of serum cholesterol was only observed in the groups given clofibrate and tiadenol. These differences could be explained on the basis of the mechanism of action of the different drugs. Only 780 SE induced a decrease in blood sugar level, a reduction of plasma insulin concentration and restored the insulin sensitivity to a normal value in obese animals. There was a significant decrease in liver weight of 780 SE treated rats, whereas clofibrate and tiadenol cause hepatomegaly.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:780 SE: a new type of hypolipemic agent. Comparative assays in rats. 107 95

Intact and ovariectomized, non-arteriosclerotic female rats and arteriosclerotic, breeder female rats were subjected to myocardial infarction by the administration of 2 subcutaneous injections, 24 hr apart, of the beta-adrenergic stimulator, isoproterenol. The animals were sacrificed at regular hourly intervals following each injection and then on days 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 thereafter. Measurement of serum insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) demonstrated a blunted response in these metabolic parameters in the case of the ovariectomized virgin rats. The non-arteriosclerotic, intact virgin rats exhibited dynamic changes in serum insulin, glucose, FFA and corticosterone (Cmpd. B) following both isoproterenol injections, whereas the arteriosclerotic breeder rats manifested elevated levels of these parameters on Day 1, but did not display any increases in serum levels, except for FFA, following the second isoproterenol injection on Day 2. In spite of the hormonal alterations brought about by the gonadectomy and their differing metabolic response, the ovariectomized females did not have a mortality rate significantly different from the intact females. Thus, the presence or absence of ovarian estrogens seemingly does not affect the progress of an isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Metabolic responses following isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in arteriosclerotic breeder vs. non-arteriosclerotic virgin and ovariectomized female rats. 117 Aug 70

In a controlled study on 121 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (75 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia, 15 diabetics, 31 patients without metabolic disease) the relationship between risk factors (hyperlipoproteinemia, obesity, hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, smoking) and the degree and localisation of sclerotic lesions was investigated by angiography. The degree was directly related in all patients to the number of risk factors, in Type IIa to cholesterol levels, in diabetics and Type IV with abnormal glucose tolerance to age. The latter patients were 5-10 years older than patients with Type IIa and showed 2 or more additional risk factors. The sclerotic lesions affected in Type IIa, less in Type IIb, predominately the pelvic vessels. Diabetics and Type IV patients showed a distal arterial involvement. The difference was significant. The degree of sclerotic lesions in arteries of the pelvis and the distal lower limb was positively correlated with the cholesterol-triglyceride ratio. Smoking aggravated the pelvic lesions in Type IV. Hypertension lead to more pronounced lesions of the distal lower limb in Type II. S-shaped tortuosities of the big vessels were shown to be typical, independent of localisation or degree.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Primary hyperlipoproteinemias as risk factors in peripheral artery disease documented by arteriography. 119 76

Human growth hormone (HGH) response to i.v. insulin (0.1 U/kg body weight) and arginine infusion (25 g of L-arginine for 30 min) was studied in 9 patients (5 males and 4 females) with primary familial hypercholesterolaemia and belonging to 4 families. Mean age was 28 +/- 2 years (range 18-36) and body weight was less than 105% of ideal body weight. Glucose tolerance and insulin response to oral glucose were normal in all patients. HGH release after insulin and after arginine was slightly increased as compared to 21 normal controls, but the differences were not significant. Insulin and glucagon response to arginine in these patients was within the normal range. Plasma glucose and free fatty acids were normal after both insulin and arginine. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between fasting cholesterol and HGH peaks after insulin and after arginine, nor between cholesterol and insulin and glucagon responses. Despite marked hyperlipidaemia, HGH-deficient patients examined by other authors never present signs of atherosclerotic disease. Our data suggest that HGH, in the presence of elevated cholesterol levels, might play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Growth hormone response to insulin and to arginine in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. 120 Nov 52

The disorders in the carbohydrates metabolism were studied along with the level of insulinemia in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, and the interrelationship between the pathological shifts in the lipid and carbohydrates metabolism were clarified. The study was conducted in 45 persons: 31 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 14 normals. The indices of the lipid (cholestrol, triglycerides, NEFA, lipoproteids) and carbohydrates metabolism (blood sugar immunoreactive insulin) were analysed on an empty stomach and after glucose provocation. Twenty of the 31 patients demonstrated hyperinsulinemia, 25--an altered tolerance of carbohydrates. The authors believe that in atherosclerosis hyperinsulinemia develops against the background of pre-existing disorders in the lipid metabolism, and correlates with the degree of the increase in atherogenic lipoproteids.
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PMID:[Relationship between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and hyperinsulinemia in coronary arteriosclerosis]. 120 32

The authors set up the task to study the changes in blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin and triglycerides in patients with manifested coronary disease during an oral glucoso-tolerance test in the course of three hours. They examined 32 patients with coronary disease and 19 control subjects, similar in age and body weight, divided into three subgroups: with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), suspiciously-pathological glucose tolerance (SPGT) and pathological glucose tolerance (PGT). They are led by age conformed criteria in the assessment of the blood sugar curves obtained. For a better idea about the insulin response volume, provoked by glucose loading, they compare the sums of the insulinemic values and "insulinogenic index", among the control subjects and the patients examined. The study of the carbohydrate tolerance of the patients examined, show that manifested or suspiciously pathological deviations in carbohydrate metabolism were found in almost 60% of them. Insulinemia during the glucose loading was found to be higher than that of the control subjects, maximal point appearing later and restoration to initial values delayed. The highest absolute insulin values and increased volume of insulin secretion were established in the patients with NGT and the lowest--in patients with PGT. The highest insulinogenic index is in NGT patients and is with about 50% higher than that of the control subjects while in patients with PGT it is quite the reverse, i. e.--glucose tolerance deteriorated parallelly with the reducing of insulin response to glucose stimulus or, in other words--normal glucose tolerance in patients maintained by the increased insulin production. The correlation of blood sugar and insulinemic curves with those of triglyceridemia reveals that with blood sugar elevation and insulinemia during glucose loading--triglyceride level rapidly elevates--i.e. a positive correlation was found among blood sugar, insulinemia and triglyceridemia where triglyceridemia correlates with hyperinsulinemia more intimately than with glycemia. Basing on the data obtained and the general theoretical conditons--the problem of pathogenetic commonness (at least in certain relations) between atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes mellitus is discussed. A practical conclusion is drawn that the establishment of increased serum triglycerides and hyperinsulinism in pathological and even in still normal carbohydrate tolerance in one subject may play the role of an important diagnostic test, speaking of the possible development or for the presence of already manifested atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate tolerance, serum insulin and triglycerides in coronary disease]. 122 16

Sixteen male patients with typical angina pectoris secondary to coronary atherosclerosis performed two daily standardized exercise tests during two consecutive days. Three hours before each exercise they received placebo or 400 mg practolol administered orally in double-blind fashion in order to complete a cross-over design. Practolol significantly prolonged the exercise duration by 30.6% and delayed the appearance time of ischaemic electrocardiographic changes by 67.7%. Maximal heart rate, systolic pressure, and pressure-rate product were also reduced after medication. In order to investigate further the effects of this beta blocking agent, myocardial function and metabolism at rest and during supine exercise were assessed in 12 male patients with coronary artery disease before and after practolol 30 mg, iv. At rest, practolol produced a decrease in tension-time index (18%), cardiac index (17%), heart rate (10%), and stroke index (7%). A significant reduction was also observed in resting stroke work index (14%) and systolic and mean aortic pressure (6%). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged. During supine exercise, only time-tension index (12%), heart rate (12%), and cardiac index (10%) were significantly reduced after the beta blocking agent. Practolol did not significantly change the arterial glucose, lactate, inorganic phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, PCO2, or PO2. The beta blocking agent did not modify the myocardial extraction of any of these substrates at rest or during exercise. In the dosage used in both studies, practolol significantly improved the exercise tolerance and reduced the ischaemic manifestations. The efficacy of practolol in angina pectoris may result mostly from its ability to decrease heart rate and systolic pressure during exercise.
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PMID:Effects of practolol on exercise tolerance and cardiac haemodynamics and metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. 125 93

Non-arteriosclerotic, virgin and arteriosclerotic, breeder rats were treated with aniline to suppress adrenal steroidogenic capacity and responsiveness to the stress of acute myocardial infarction. After two weeks of aniline treatment, some of the non-arteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic animals were given two injections of isoproterenol, spaced 24 h apart, to induce massive myocardial infraction. On the 3 rd day, when myocardial necrosis reaches its zenith, the animals were sacrificed. Aniline-induced adrenal insufficiency caused increased mortality, absence of congestive heart failure, cardiac and adrenal enlargement but no evidence of the characteristic intense catabolism and increased corticoid production which attends acute myocardial infarction. Serum enzymes, e.g., SGOT, SGPT and LDH, triglycerides, but not glucose, free fatty acids and cholesterol, became acutely elevated in animals treated with aniline and isoproterenol. Animals developed a fatty liver, beta cell degranulation, post hypophy-sectomy-like changes in their adrenal cortices, unusually severe infarction, marked distention of intermuscular spaces, frequent foci of dystrophic calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia of the papillary muscles. It is believed that aniline-induced adrenal suppression altered the usual pathophysiologic response to acute myocardial infarction.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Adrenocortical suppression and myocardial infarction in non-arteriosclerotic (virgin) and arteriosclerotic (breeder) rats. 126 59


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