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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arterial tissue was obtained from twelve severely obese patients during jejuno-ileal by-pass surgery. The arterial DNA content was inversely correlated with the sum of venous glucose values during an oral glucose tolerance test (rs = -0.72). This observation may have implications on the known relationship between decreased glucose tolerance and early manifestations of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Cholesterol and DNA content in arterial tissue in severe obesity: their relation to some risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. 41 81

A group of patients with athero-arteriosclerotic vascular disease (coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis of the extremities) have been subjected to platelet antiaggregating-antidyslipidaemic treatment with a chlofibrate-dipyridamol association; a control series was treated with chlofibrate alone. Frequency of angina pectoris, pain intensity and trinitrine consumption ware evaluated in patients with coronary heart disease, claudicometry, oscillometry and thermometry in patients with atherosclerosis of the extremities. The following laboratory parameters were also analysed: cholesterolaemia, triglyceridaemia, prothrombin activity, fibrinogenaemia, uricaemia and tolerance of oral glucose loading. Analysis of the results has shown that the association improved the parameters considered in statistically significant fashion; chlofibrate alone led to significant modifications of coronaropathic group parameters (with the exception of pain intensity) whereas it did not lead to significant changes in parameters evaluated for atherosclerosis of the extremities. All laboratory parameters were modified favourably by the association to a statistically greater extent than by chlofibrate alone. Both the association and chlofibrate were well tolerated.
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PMID:[The clofibrate-dipyridamole combination in the treatment of athero-arteriosclerotic vasculopathy]. 43 77

The effect of smoking cigarettes containing 1.5 mg and 0.08 mg nicotine per cigarette and of sham-smoking was studied in six healthy habitual smokers. Levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and plasma nicotine were measured simultaneously with hemodynamic variables, such as heart rate and blood pressure, and with the metabolic parameters, plasma DBH, cortisol, blood glucose, lactate and free fatty acids. All variables, with the exception of COHb are dose related to plasma nicotine levels. Blood pressure, heart rate and lactate show simultaneous peaks together with maximal nicotine levels, while DBH and cortisol, blood glucose and free fatty acids show a delayed reaction compared to nicotine concentrations. No effects of COHb, even with levels up to 5.6 +/- 0.5% have been observed on the variables investigated. These results demonstrate, that it is nicotine which induces considerable hemodynamic and metabolic alterations after smoking.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jul
PMID:Evaluation of smoking-induced effects on sympathetic, hemodynamic and metabolic variables with respect to plasma nicotine and COHb levels. 48 24

The aortic content of glycopeptide sialic acid, hexosamine and hexose was studied in a genetically selected strain of White Carneau pigeons (WC-2) with significantly more severe atherosclerosis than randomly bred White Carneau pigeons (RBWC). Pigeons were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months and examined to determine differences in content of glycopeptide-sugars between WC-2 and RBWC, changes with the progression of atherosclerosis and the relationship of aortic cholesterol to glycopeptide-sugar content. In animals with mainly normal aorta (cholesterol content of 0.2-0.3 mg/cm2-aorta) sialic acid was significantly lower in WC-2 pigeons. The progression of atherosclerosis was associated with increased aortic glycopeptide sialic acid (r = 0.78; p less than 0.05) in WC-2 pigeons whereas an inverse relationship was suggested in RBWC pigeons. In WC-2, but not RBWC pigeons, significant positive relationships were seen for aortic glycopeptide hexosamine and aortic cholesterol and for aortic glycopeptide hexose and aortic cholesterol. The findings implicate a possible role of aortic glycoproteins in either the initiation or modulation of atherosclerosis of the WC-2 pigeon.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Aortic glycopeptide sialic acid, hexose and hexosamine in a genetically selected (WC-2) strain of atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeon. 49 39

Concern has been expressed that the acetate (Ac) used in dialysate may stimulate lipid synthesis and accelerate atherosclerosis. Tolchin, et al(10) calculated the fractional generation of bicarbonate from Ac, in order to estimate the amount of Ac entering the citric acid cycle. However, these calculations were based upon the assumption that the bicarbonate space was 60% of body weight. These investigators estimated that 91-93% of Ac was metabolized to bicarbonate; they suggested that 7-9% Ac may have been used for lipid synthesis. In the present experiments, 6 hemodialysis patients were infused with 2 mmoles Na bicarbonate/kg to measure directly the bicarbonate space for each patient. The bicarbonate space was 44 +/- 2% of body weight. On a separate day, the same patients were infused with 2 mmoles Na Ac/kg. Using the measured bicarbonate space, the calculated fractional generation of bicarbonate from Ac was 98 +/- 4%. Rabbit experiments were also performed with an atherogenic diet, supplemented with 10% Ac, 10% bicarbonate, or 10% glucose. After 8 mos of dietary treatment, there was no difference in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, or extent of atherosclerosis between groups. The human and animal experiments both provide evidence that Ac in dialysate does not stimulate lipid synthesis.
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PMID:Evidence that acetate in dialysate does not stimulate lipid synthesis. 55 58

The effects of different dietary carbohydrates and different dietary fats as well as of differently spaced dietary constituents on 24-h plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides were determined in healthy young males. If, in an isocaloric diet containing 15-20% protein, 37% fat and 43--48% carbohydrates, sucrose is compared with glucose, 24-h plasma triglycerides are significantly higher with the former carbohydrate. When palm oil (mainly 16 : 0 fatty acids) is compared with olive oil (mainly 18 : 1 fatty acids), 24-h triglycerides are significantly higher with the latter. If the carbohydrate component of a mixed meal is removed, alimentary lipemia is considerably greater. Our findings supplement long term studies regarding the effect of different dietary fats and carbohydrates on plasma lipids and allow calculation of "upper normal limits" for 24-h plasma triglycerides and free fatty acid patterns on isocaloric diets of "prudent" composition.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Apr
PMID:Acute dietary effects on diurnal plasma lipids in normal subjects. 55 67

Metabolic intermediate levels, glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzyme activities and lysosomal acid hydrolase activities were measured in aortas of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) versus normotensive (WKY) rats. In the hypertensive aortas the level of lactate, the ratio of lactate to glucose and of lactate to malate was higher in the SHR than WKY aortas. In the hypertensive aortas the obvious shift of metabolism toward higher rate of glycolysis was associated with decreased activity of malate dehydrogenase and espically of lipoamide dehydrogenase. The latter is an essential compoenent of the alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complexes and it appears that these complexes are among the sites of arterialmetavolism which are primarily altered by the elevated blood pressure, resulting in increased production of lactate. The activity of the marker lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was unequivocally elevated in the hypertensive aortas. The activity of beta-glucuronidase exhibited incogruous differences between the SHR and WKY aortas and the activity of aortic acid phosphatase did not differ in the two rat strains. The results are discussed in relation to arterial injury, permeability, and atherogenesis.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Nov
PMID:Metabolic intermediates, enzymes and lysosomal activity in aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 59 42

The data on the interrelationship of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are shown. To characterize the frequency of cardiovascular lesions and their different character according to age in patients with diabetes, the results of clinical analysis of 2,540 patients and the findings of thorough clinical and laboratory examination of 1,154 individuals, 20.1% of whom were over 60, are presented. The high frequency of angiopathies (84.6%) confirms the "atherogenics" effect of diabetes mellitus. The age differences consist in the predominance of organic lesions among elderly persons. The frequent occurrence of a disturbed glucose tolerance test and the development of diabetes mellitus in these patients are evidence of the "diabetogenic" effect of atherosclerosis. Some hormonal and metabolic mechanisms are investigated for the interpretation of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular lesions in diabetes. The contribution of contrainsular hormones (somatotrophic hormone, adrenal hormones) and hyperlipidemia to the development of diabetic angiopathies is substantiated. The difference between diabetic macroangiopathies and atherosclerosis in nondiabetic individuals is discussed on the strength of the results of electron microscopy of the mucle capillaries. It is concluded that these two diseases, which are widely encountered among elderly individuals, have hormonal, metabolic, and genetic developmental mechanisms in common.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular system diseases in middle age]. 59 11

Fasting plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and blood glucose were raised in 16 children with chronic renal failure on regular haemodialysis compared with 18 healthy children. In the patients plasma IRI correlated positively with plasma TG, while blood glucose did not correlate with IRI or lipid concentrations. Dietary intake, expressed as percentage of recommended intake for height-age, did not correlate with plasma lipids, but there was a positive correlation between plasma TG and the proportion of calories derived from carbohydrate. The children were not malnourished as evidenced by normal plasma albumin and transferrin concentrations. The mechanism of the hyperlipidaemia is unclear but it may be related to the glucose intolerance with hyperinsulinaemia which is found in uraemia. In view of the risk of premature atherosclerosis, plasma lipid concentrations should be monitored in children with chronic renal failure and attempts made to ameliorate hyperlipidaemia with appropriate dietary manipulations.
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PMID:Hyperlipidaemia in children on regular haemodialysis. 60 69

The dynamics of changes in the indices of lipid metabolism was studied in 130 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and different types of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) during 3 hours of the standard glucose tolerance test. It was established that a single glucose load in patients with coronary atherosclerosis caused insufficient decrease in the level of NEFA in the blood, and sometimes even led to its paradoxical increase, and parallel accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood to a different degree in different patients. Significant differences were revealed in the changes in the lipid composition of blood in response to glucose load in patients with type IIa and type IV HLP. Analysis of the hypolipidemic effect of miscleron and liniksin depending on the type of HLP and on the reaction of the lipid metabolism indices to the conditions of a glucose load showed that besides determining the type of HLP in patients with coronary atherosclerosis it is expedient to study the dynamics of changes in the blood lipid composition after glucose intake.
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PMID:[Effect of a glucose load on lipid metabolic indices in coronary arteriosclerosis with varying types of hyperlipoproteinemia]. 64 43


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