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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The validity of computer-assisted femoral arteriography, for the study of regression/progression of atherosclerosis in follow-up clinical trials, was investigated by comparison with routine physiological estimates of peripheral circulatory function. Thus, in 114 hypercholesterolaemic patients, the results of aorto-femoral arteriography were compared with those of leg segmental blood pressure measurement, oscillometry, digital pulse plethysmography, and bicycle and treadmill exercise tests. In 107 patients, 18 with symptoms of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 89 asymptomatic, magnification arteriograms of a 20 cm segment of the right or left superficial femoral artery were obtained. These arteriograms were digitized and the following variables were calculated: arterial lumen volume (corrected for body size), per cent stenosis, and edge roughness. The correlation between arteriographic and physiological variables was investigated with a linear regression model, taking into account the possible interaction with sex, and presence or absence of symptoms of PVD. Lumen volume correlated significantly with all five physiological variables, and per cent stenosis correlated significantly with four of the physiological variables. For the roughness measure, however a significant correlation was found only with plethysmography. By using logistic multiple regression analysis linear functions of physiological variables were constructed to detect ilio-femoral arterial occlusion. The sensitivity/specificity for detection of right-sided, left-sided, and bilateral occlusion was 0.83/0.98, 0.78/0.98, and 0.60/1.00 respectively (N = 108-111). Systolic blood pressure (ankle-arm ratio) was the single variable most closely correlated to the likelihood of arterial occlusions. It is concluded that arterial lumen volume and per cent stenosis, measured for the digitized femoral arteriogram, correlate well with physiological variables, which reflect the state of atherosclerosis both in the femoral arteries and in other arterial beds including the heart, and that routine physiological tests can be used to identify patients with arterial occlusions in the iliac and femoral arteries.
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PMID:Correlation between computer-assisted femoral arteriography and physiological tests in hypercholesterolaemic patients: a methodological study with special reference to clinical trials. 154 Oct 84

The descending thoracic and abdominal aortas of normal and hypercholesterolemic Golden Syrian hamsters were examined with transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Serum cholesterol distribution in lipoproteins was determined by gradient ultracentrifugation. Luminal surfaces appeared free of lesions and no intimal thickening or foam cells were seen. The main rise of cholesterol during the hypercholesterolemic diet was in the VLDL + IDL fraction. These findings suggest differences in the localization of atherosclerotic lesions and lipoprotein cholesterol distribution between humans and hamsters, which hamper the use of this species as a model for human atherosclerosis.
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PMID:The hyperlipidemic hamster as an atherosclerosis model. 175 Aug 2

Atherosclerosis is reflected in the arteriogram as narrowing of the arterial lumen and irregularity of the arterial wall. We have quantified these changes in digitized femoral arteriograms from 107 hypercholesterolaemic patients and defined 10 different measures concerning arterial diameter, cross-sectional area, stenosis and edge irregularity. We examined the precision of these measures and the correlations between them. Lumen volume and mean diameter for defined arterial segments had the highest precision and may be useful for follow-up studies. The linear correlation between the mean diameter and the square root of the lumen volume was greater than 0.99, so these two measures seem to be equivalent for all practical purposes. The measured variables could be separated into 2 groups: the measures concerning arterial diameter and lumen volume and those concerning edge irregularity and localized stenosis. The measures within each group showed strong positive mutual correlations, while the correlations between measures from different groups were negative and small. It was concluded that if the results of one measure from each group, suitably those of lumen volume and edge roughness, are known, the other described measures will add no further information about the atherosclerotic process.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis-related measures in digitized femoral arteriograms. 201 24

Atherosclerosis was induced in 13 Yorkshire pigs (4 weeks; 7-10 kg) by endothelial balloon denudation of the aorta and left anterior descending coronary artery and a diet containing 2% (wt/wt) of cholesterol, 8% (wt/wt) of lard fat and 0.5% (wt/wt) of bile acids. After 8 months 7 animals (group I) were sacrificed to determine the extent to which atherosclerosis had developed. The other 6 animals (group R) received a diet (no cholesterol, 5% (wt/wt) of lard fat and 5% (wt/wt) of fish oil) for 4 months. In I plasma cholesterol increased from 2.29 to 9.02 mmol l-1 after 8 months and in R it returned to 1.89 mmol l-1 after 12 months. Less marked changes occurred in plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. ADP-induced platelet aggregation and the number of platelets remained constant in I whereas both parameters were reduced in R after 12 months. In the lesions of the abdominal aorta of I, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phospholipid and triglyceride contents were 4.97, 2.08, 4.20 and 0.77 micrograms g-1 wet wt, respectively, whereas in R these values (3.02, 0.47, 2.70 and 0.44 micrograms g-1 wet wt, respectively), were close to the values measured in non-abraded vessel wall specimens. The Sudan IV-positive area of the aorta was 34 +/- 9% in I and 10 +/- 4% in R (P less than 0.05). Luminal encroachment of the denudated left anterior descending coronary artery was 11 +/- 3% in I and 13 +/- 3% in R (P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential effects of n-3 fatty acids on the regression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries and the aorta of the pig. 262 Jun 86

Aortocoronary vein bypass surgery might not restore normal maximal coronary flow reserve to bypassed coronary vessels because residual diffuse coronary atherosclerosis might limit maximal hyperemia. To investigate the effect of diffuse atherosclerosis and a focal stenosis at the graft-coronary anastomosis, we measured coronary flow reserve with an extensively validated subselective Doppler catheter in 24 patients with 35 bypass grafts perfusing angiographically normal coronary vessels. The Doppler catheter was positioned in the midportion of the graft, and coronary flow reserve was measured as the peak/resting velocity ratio after selective graft injection of a maximally vasodilating dose of papaverine. Luminal dimensions of the bypass graft, graft-coronary insertion, and bypassed coronary vessel were measured by quantitative coronary angiography (Brown/Dodge method). Measurements of coronary flow reserve and coronary dimensions of vein bypass grafts were compared with similar measurements obtained from 13 patients with normal coronary vessels and normal myocardium. Seventeen of the 35 bypass grafts perfused unobstructed coronary-vein graft anastomoses (less than 50% area stenosis) and normal myocardium. The coronary flow reserve of these 17 bypass grafts was normal (5.0 +/- 0.4, mean +/- SEM) and not significantly different from that measured in normal arteries (5.1 +/- 0.6), even though the cross-sectional area of the native coronary artery just distal to the bypass insertion was 40% smaller than in matched normal vessels. Bypass grafts perfusing hypertrophied (n = 2) or infarcted (n = 6) myocardium had significantly reduced coronary flow reserve compared with normal vessels (2.7 +/- 0.3; p less than .01), even when the infarcted wall had only minimal hypokinesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does coronary artery bypass surgery restore normal maximal coronary flow reserve? The effect of diffuse atherosclerosis and focal obstructive lesions. 295 10

Prospective studies report that a pharmacologic elevation of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration may be of value in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this study phenobarbital, 50 mg at bedtime for ten days, increased serum HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratios. Phenobarbital treated subjects had serum lipoprotein profile typical of low risk of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:The effects of phenobarbital on serum high density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins. 314 20

Luminal narrowing was assessed in 238 transverse segments obtained from coronary arteries removed at postmortem. In each segment, narrowing was assessed by gross visual estimation before and after fixation, and on histological sections by stereological point counting and computer-assisted planimetry. Computer-assisted planimetry was found to be accurate and reliable but the equipment needed is expensive, and requires specialized software and an experienced user. Morphometric measurement by stereologic point counting was accurate, rapid, simple, and inexpensive. In comparison with computer-assisted planimetry visual estimation was found to be neither accurate nor reliable. Our results indicate point counting as the method of choice for assessment of coronary artery luminal narrowing by atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Morphometric analysis of coronary artery stenosis: an accuracy and reliability study. 319 61

Eight male, normolipidemic, non-obese subjects were given fenofibrate (F) (300 mg daily) for eight days (period F). After a wash-out period of four weeks, phenobarbital (P) (100 mg daily) was given for eight days (period P). At the end of this period, P was continued at the same dosage but F (300 mg daily) was added and both drugs were given simultaneously for a further eight-day period (period P + F). The plasma concentrations of lipids and the plasma activities of enzymes involved in the interconversion of plasma lipoproteins: lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were measured before and at the end of each period of treatment. Fenofibrate induced a decrease in the plasma concentration of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), apoB and an increase in the plasma activities of LPL and LCAT. Phenobarbital induced a decrease in the plasma concentration of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C (with an unchanged HDL-C/LDL-C ratio) and in the plasma activity of LPL. Addition of P to F did not modify the hypolipidemic action of F but the increase of LPL activity during period P + F was found to be greater than that observed during period F. It is concluded that P does not modify the serum lipoprotein pattern in a way which can be considered as beneficial in terms of atherosclerosis. By measuring the serum concentration of unconjugated bilirubin, the plasma clearance of antipyrine and the urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol as parameters of hepatic microsomal induction, F appeared to be a slight inducer as compared with P. Thus, enzyme induction cannot explain the changes in serum lipoproteins induced by P and does not modify the hypolipidemic action of F.
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PMID:Changes in plasma activities of lipolytic enzymes and lipids of normolipidemic subjects given phenobarbital, a strong microsomal inducer, alone or in combination with fenofibrate. 341 May 96

The performance of the self-expanding stainless steel (Gianturco) stent in atherosclerotic arteries was examined in a rabbit model. Atherosclerosis was induced by supplementing rabbit chow with 6% peanut oil and 2% cholesterol followed by endothelial disruption of the abdominal aorta with a balloon catheter and continuation on the atherogenic diet for the remainder of the study. Eighteen stents, 1 cm in length and 4 or 5 mm in diameter when fully expanded, were placed in atherosclerotic stenotic lesions in six rabbits. Luminal distention was consistently achieved. At 8 weeks follow-up, no luminal narrowing, stent migration, thrombus formation or branch vessel occlusion had occurred. Atherosclerotic neointimal proliferation occurred around the stent wires following placement, but did not cause significant luminal narrowing.
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PMID:Self-expanding metallic stents: preliminary evaluation in an atherosclerotic model. 357 26

Reduced epicardial coronary arterial distensibility associated with early atherosclerosis may be mediated in part by reduced nitric oxide (NO) release. To directly assess the contribution of endogenous NO to coronary arterial distensibility, we examined the effect of intracoronary N omega nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and L-arginine, its natural substrate, on the circumflex artery in seven anesthetized dogs. We also used intracoronary acetylcholine to examine the effect of pharmacologically induced NO release on coronary distensibility. Electrocardiographically gated measurements of epicardial coronary lumen area were made by a blinded observer from images obtained with a 4.3F, 30 MHz intravascular ultrasound catheter. Aortic root pressure was continuously monitored, and neither systemic arterial pressure nor pulse pressure changed significantly with intracoronary drug administration. Change in lumen area (delta LA) from end systole to end diastole was measured, and an arterial distensibility index was calculated. Delta LA increased with acetylcholine from 8.2% +/- 0.5% at baseline to 16.3% +/- 2.8% (10(-6) mol/L; p < 0.001), with increases in both end-systolic and end-diastolic lumen area and decreased delta LA to 3.1% +/- 1.3% (p < 0.01). Lumen area and delta LA were both restored to baseline by L-arginine (10(-4)). The calculated distensibility index of the epicardial coronary artery was enhanced by acetylcholine, reduced below baseline by L-NAME, and restored to baseline by L-arginine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Contribution of endothelium-derived nitric oxide to coronary arterial distensibility: an in vivo two-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study. 790 Jun 24


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