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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1)Using both an explant system from swine thoracic aorta and an aortic smooth muscle cell culture system, we have investigated the effect of lipoproteins on the synthesis of DNA in the absence of serum or serum derivatives. (2)Chemical and morphological data from both systems confirm that (a) neither VLDL, LDL nor HDL account for any appreciable part of the DNA synthesis activity of whole serum. (b) There is no difference in activity between lipoprotein fractions derived from either normocholesterolemic or hypercholesterolemic serum. (c) The activity resident in whole serum is present largely in the pelleted serum protein fractions and in the soluble resideu. (3) The data suggest that smooth muscle cell proliferation results from the interaction of lipoproteins with other factor(s) in serum.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Jun
PMID:Effect of lipoprotein on in vitro synthesis of DNA in aortic tissue. 19 76

The mechanism of formation of an insoluble complex between heparin and rat serum lipoprotein has been studied. Optical density changes during the reaction, counting of the fatty acid labelled lipoproteins in the precipitates, and complexing of [14C]palmitate-labelled lipoprotein with heparin-CNBr-Sepharose were used to quantitatively determine the formation of insoluble complexes. The maximal heparin--lipoprotein complex formation requires 25--30 mM of Ca2+, but with micromolar amounts of phosphorylcholine, the reaction was saturated at only 10 mM of Ca2+. The effect of phosphorylcholine in promoting the reaction was lost when purified chylomicrons or very low density lipoproteins were used. The effect of phosphorylcholine in promoting the interaction between heparin and pure chylomicrons or very low density lipoproteins was regained when a crude serum protein factor of unwashed chylomicrons was added to the system, suggesting that rat serum contains a protein factor(s) which normally inhibits the heparin--lipoprotein interaction by raising the requirement of Ca2+. Phosphorylcholine counteracted the effect of this protein, thereby favouring the precipitation reaction in the presence of much lower concentration of Ca2+. The results have been discussed with special reference to the possibility of a relationship between mucopolysaccharides, Ca2+, lipoproteins, and arterial phospholipids in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Mechanism of heparin and serum lipoprotein interaction: effects of calcium, phosphorylcholine, and a serum fraction. 21 Sep 8

The changes in the metabolism of oranism of animals with experimental atherosclerosis show not only disturbances in the lipid, but early changes in the protein metabolism as well. The author examined total protein and serum protein fractions of 61 male guinea pigs with a weight of 350 to 500 gm. There was marked disproteinemia reduction of albumin and an increase of globulins in the animals with experimental atherosclerosis (which received a diet with 0.3% of cholesterol of the food, disolved in 25% of cow butter for a period of 140 days)...
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PMID:[Total protein and serum protein fractions in atherosclerotic animals treated with a protein hydrolysate]. 126 60

The nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia associated with an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of pravastatin, a novel competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with this syndrome and marked hyperlipidemia. Eleven adult patients received 10 mg of pravastatin twice daily for 4 to 8 weeks. The total serum cholesterol decreased from 426 +/- 44 to 309 +/- 18 mg/dl (-27.4%, mean +/- S.E.; p less than 0.01) following administration of pravastatin. The serum triglyceride decreased from 332 +/- 122 to 229 +/- 50 mg/dl (-30.9%), although this change was not significant. Despite the fact that the HDL cholesterol level was barely changed (51 +/- 7 to 51 +/- 6 mg/dl), the LDL cholesterol fell from 313 +/- 30 to 211 +/- 16 mg/dl (-32.5%; p less than 0.005), and the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio fell from 7.57 +/- 1.59 to 4.94 +/- 0.88 (-34.8%; p less than 0.05). These changes caused the atherogenic index to decline from 9.6 +/- 2.4 to 6.1 +/- 1.2 (-36.5%; p less than 0.05). No significant alterations could be found among apolipoproteins A-1, A-2, B, C-2, C-3, and E. During the present study period, pravastatin was well tolerated and did not affect the serum protein, albumin, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, or urine protein excretion. Also, there were no serious adverse effects. Pravastatin appears to be effective for treating patients with hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Effects of pravastatin on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome. 163 84

The hypercholesteremia parameters under similar experimental conditions against a background of the close initial level of cholesterol were considerably more expressed in rabbits than in guinea pigs. Rabbits showed clear symptoms of experimental atherosclerosis which were absent in guinea pigs. A comparative study of quantitative and composition variations in total proteins of the serum and fraction obtained by acid extraction indicated that the differences in dynamics and degree of cholesterinosis were expressed by features of the serum protein spectrum variation in the investigated kinds of animals. Especially close relation has been observed for the fraction components of acid-extracted proteins. The obtained results permit supposing that some kinds of animals have mechanisms connected with the function of the serum alkaline proteins preventing the development of hypercholesteremia and experimental atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Comparison of the content of cholesterol, lipoproteins and serum proteins in rats, guinea pigs and rats for a atherosclerosis model]. 227 Jun 19

Focal smooth muscle cell proliferation is a key event in atherogenesis, but the stimulating factors are unknown, and there is little information on the occurrence of growth promoting factors in the arterial wall. We have tested extracts of human aortic intima for stimulation of DNA synthesis, using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in an attempt to avoid artifacts arising with cultured cells. Consistently high levels of stimulation were obtained with early proliferative (gelatinous) lesions (mean DNA synthesis 188% of control, n = 6) and slightly more advanced transitional lesions (mean 160%, n = 4); results with mature fibrous plaques were variable (range 120-182%, n = 3). Significant stimulation was also given by four of eleven samples of apparently lesion-free intima. Intima contains fibrinogen and a range of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FRA) and preliminary fractionation experiments suggest that activity may reside in the FRA fraction. Serum does not stimulate DNA synthesis in the CAM; extract activity was retained in FRA-containing fractions after removal of most serum proteins by affinity chromatography, but was mainly lost from serum protein-containing fractions after removal of FRA.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Jul
PMID:Mitogenic activity in human atherosclerotic lesions. 363 55

Calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc were determined in serum in men with femoral atherosclerosis. Also total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were estimated. Subjects in control group were in the same range of age. The present study compares two methods of preparing serum for the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the first method (I), serum was diluted by the demineralized water. In the second method (II), serum protein was precipitated by trichloracetic acid (TCA). We found that the first method (I) was simpler and more precise than the other. The optimal proportions of serum and water amounted to 1 + 62 for calcium and magnesium and the coefficient of variation (C.V.) was 2.8%. For copper and zinc, the optimal dilution was 1 + 3 (C.V. = 1%). Total cholesterol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was lower (p < 0.05) in subjects with femoral atherosclerosis as compared with controls. There was no difference in LDL-cholesterol. Subjects with femoral atherosclerosis had significantly higher level of all micro- and macroelements determined, then those of the control group (p < 0.05). However, higher serum copper does not necessary mean higher copper body status. It is possible that higher serum copper in femoral atherosclerosis reflects the transfer of copper from the tissue to the ceruloplasmin, as an acute phase reaction. On the other hand, the differences in serum magnesium, calcium, copper and zinc concentrations, may indicate the possible involvement of these elements in the disorder of total and HDL-cholesterol in femoral atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc in blood serum in men with femoral atherosclerosis]. 748 5

To study the association between serum calcium and serum lipids, data from 5394 men and 4800 women in the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health (25-74 years) were used. By visual inspection of the data a linear increase of both total and HDL cholesterol with serum calcium levels was observed, consistently over all age groups and both sexes. In order to adjust the measured serum calcium concentrations for total serum protein, statistical analyses were performed using Parfitt's correction formula. Multivariate analysis showed in both sexes a highly significant positive association between corrected calcium and total cholesterol independent of age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum uric acid, P/S ratio of diet, cholesterol intake, smoking, educational level and geographical area. The adjusted differences in total cholesterol between the lowest and highest quartile range of the calcium distribution were about 13 mg/dl for both men and women. Protein-corrected calcium was among the strongest correlates with total cholesterol. The analysis of the relation with HDL cholesterol revealed an effect modification by gender. For men no statistically significant correlation between calcium and HDL cholesterol was observed while for women a strong increase of HDL with protein-corrected calcium was found resulting in an adjusted difference of 2.5 mg/dl between the lowest and highest calcium quartile range.
Atherosclerosis 1994 Aug
PMID:Epidemiological evidence for an association between serum calcium and serum lipids. 798 Jul 19

Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases are important predictors for survival in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and account for about half the deaths in these patients. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is known to show high values in diabetics with proteinuria, and albuminuric renal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine Lp(a) levels and to investigate the association of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic risk factors in patients treated by CAPD. Lp(a) concentration were measured in 20 CAPD patients in the age range 31 to 83 years. Mean (+/- SD) levels of serum Lp(a) were elevated in the CAPD patients compared to age, sex matched 17 controls (49.5 +/- 27.7 vs. 15.5 +/- 12.4 mg/dl, p < 0.001). The levels of Lp(a) were significantly higher in the diabetic CAPD patients than in non-diabetics. There were significant positive correlations between serum Lp(a) concentrations and fasting blood sugar. However, when the above two groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index and FBS, Lp(a) concentrations were also significantly higher in CAPD patients than those in normal controls. We found no statistically significant correlations of Lp(a) with either age, body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipoprotein, apoprotein, glycated hemoglobin, BUN, creatinine or serum protein levels. There were no correlations between serum Lp(a) levels and albumin and LP(a) concentrations in the dialysate in all CAPD patients. Along with assessment of other known established cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated blood pressure, atherogenic abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, and impaired glucose tolerance, we suggest that elevated levels of Lp(a) may lead to the accelerated atherosclerosis in these patients.
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PMID:[Alterations of Lp (a) lipoprotein in patients with chronic renal failure treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. 837 89

Elevated plasma viscosity is a predictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease and is a potential mechanism by which hypertriglyceridemia increases cardiovascular risk. Previous studies of plasma viscosity reduction in hypertriglyceridemic patients used medications that lowered both triglyceride and fibrinogen levels. Because fibrinogen is a major determinant of viscosity, it is unclear whether triglyceride reduction alone is sufficient to reduce plasma viscosity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether triglyceride-lowering therapy reduces plasma viscosity. This was a prospective study of 24 adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (> or = 5.67 mmol/l). Fasting lipid, total serum protein, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and serum viscosity levels were measured before and after therapy with 1200 mg/d of gemfibrozil. Triglyceride levels decreased by 70% (P < 0.001). Mean plasma and serum viscosity levels decreased by 0.082 mPa/s (P = 0.003) and 0.086 mPa/s (P = 0.013), respectively. Fibrinogen levels did not change significantly. Triglyceride-lowering therapy reduced plasma and serum viscosity without changes in fibrinogen levels. Since serum samples are deplete of fibrinogen, the serum viscosity reduction observed is corroborative evidence for an independent effect of triglyceride-lowering therapy on plasma viscosity. This observation provides a physiological rationale for triglyceride-lowering therapy in patients at risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease, the chylomicronemia syndrome and pancreatitis.
Atherosclerosis 1998 Apr
PMID:Treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia lowers plasma viscosity. 962 83


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