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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol esterase activity was estimated in homogenates of rat arterial wall using radioactive cholesteryl oleate incorporated into phospholipid vesicles as a substrate. The labeled oleic acid was separated from the ester by addition of benzene-chloroform-methanol mixture. Under these conditions, two pH optima were found at about 4.5 and 7.5. Most of the activities at pH 4.5 and 7.5 were found in the lysosomal and microsomal fraction, respectively. No enzyme activity was detected when the substrate vesicles were prepared with phosphatidylethanolamine or sphingomyelin, but the activity was higher when the substrate vesicles were prepared with phosphatidylserine and highest when they were prepared with phosphatidylcholine. The relationship between enzyme regulation and lipid deposition in the arterial wall is discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jul
PMID:Studies of cholesterol esterase in rat arterial wall. 3 82

Cholesterol binds to streptolysin O and related bacterial toxins. In normal serum, only a fraction of the cholesterol attached to lipoprotein is available for binding, probably as a cholesterol-peptide complex formed during catabolic breakdown of the lipoprotein. Cholesterol esterase produced by certain organisms--e.g., Staphylococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas oeruginosa--augments this fraction both in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous esterase similarly increases the amount of cholesterol-peptide complex, a mechanism which may be activated as a feedback process following binding of toxin to the cholesterol component of the complex. These complexes will thus supply a readily available means of binding bacterial toxins before antibody formation begins; Cholesterol-peptide complexes, either alone or modified by binding to toxin, may function as autoantigens. It is postulated that immune complexes so formed may be involved in atherosclerosis either by directly damaging vessels walls or by cross-reaction of antibody with cell-membrane-bound lipoproteins which equilibrate with plasma-lipoproteins.
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PMID:Functional role of cholesterol in infection and autoimmunity. 4 49

Decreased acid cholesterol esterase has been linked to cholesteryl ester accumulation and may be fundamental in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study compared cholesterol esterase activity with the accumulation of cholesterol and its esters in aorta, renal artery and renal preglomerular microvessels. Tissue was obtained from white New Zealand rabbits fed either a control or 2%-cholesterol diet for 1 month. Cholesterol esterase was increased in microvessels from cholesterol-fed animals when compared to aorta and renal artery. Cholesterol feeding generally produced an increase in cholesterol and cholesteryl ester accumulation in all vascular tissues. The percent distribution of esterified/total cholesterol in renal microvessels was decreased consistent with the concomitant increase in cholesterol esterase. In contrast, aorta and renal artery exhibited an increase in cholesterol and cholesteryl ester accumulation and an increase in the percent of esterified cholesterol consistent with a decrease in acid cholesterol esterase after cholesterol feeding. The data suggest that renal microvessels, when compared to aorta and renal artery, may be relatively protected from developing atherosclerotic microvascular lesions through an organ-specific increase in acid cholesterol esterase activity.
Atherosclerosis 1992 May
PMID:Comparative studies on acid cholesterol esterase in renal blood vessels and aorta of control and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. 163 56

The accumulation of tissue cholesterol and cholesteryl esters is commonly seen during the development of both atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. The intracellular cholesterol content is regulated, in part, by the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters to cholesterol, a reaction catalyzed by cholesterol esterase. Decreased cholesterol esterase has been linked to cholesteryl ester accumulation in vascular cells and has been postulated to be an important factor in the progression of atherosclerosis and, possibly, glomerulosclerosis. In order to determine whether cholesterol esterase regulates glomerular cholesterol accumulation, the effect of cholesterol feeding on the cholesterol content and the activity of cholesterol esterase was examined in rat glomeruli. Cholesterol esterase was measured using a cholesteryl[1-14C]oleate-lecithin liposome substrate. Total and free glomerular cholesterol was measured spectrofluorometrically. Feeding rats 4% cholesterol for 2 months decreased total glomerular (acid plus neutral) cholesterol esterase activity when compared to glomeruli from similar rats fed a normal chow (1.8 +/- 0.1 versus 1.48 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg protein/h, p < 0.05). Total, free and esterified cholesterol concentrations were higher in glomeruli from cholesterol-fed rats than from controls, consistent with decreased cholesterol esterase activity. Thus, glomerular cholesterol accumulation appears to be regulated by cholesterol esterase. This finding is similar to that in other vascular tissues which have been investigated and which are prone to accumulate cholesterol during the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effect of dietary cholesterol on rat glomerular cholesterol esterase. 814 Nov 84

The in vitro and in vivo effects of prostaglandin E1 on cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEase) and lipase [glycerol ester hydrolase (GEH)] activity in human serum were examined. Cholesterol esterase and lipase activity in the sera of men with atherosclerosis differed substantially from that in the control subjects. CEase activity was raised and GEH activity suppressed in the serum of men with atherosclerosis compared with controls. Prostaglandin E1 in vitro was found to suppress lipase but to increase cholesterol esterase activity to some extent. However, in vivo activities of GEH and CEase in the sera of men with chronic arterial occlusions of the lower limbs treated with prostaglandin E1 revealed that lipase activity was increased but that cholesterol esterase activity was unchanged. Recent studies have demonstrated that by altering the metabolic pathways of acylcholesterols and triacylglycerols, prostaglandin E1 may lead to the development of new strategies for retarding atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E1 influences serum cholesterol esterase and lipase activity in different ways. 1064 15

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Hence, inhibitors of cholesterol absorption have been investigated for decades as a strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol esterase (CEase) in pancreatic juice plays a vital role in the hydrolysis of dietary cholesterol esters to cholesterol and fatty acids. Since inhibition of CEase might lead to a reduction of cholesterol absorption, an attempt is made in this study to identify lead molecules of Garcinia mangostana by the in silico approach. The study employed software applications viz., AutoDock 4.2 and GOLD Suite of Programs 5.2. The study revealed the efficacy of three compounds viz., epicatechin, euxanthone, and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-xanthone, which exhibited least binding energy in AutoDock and moderate scoring in GOLD. The molecular properties as well as biological activity of these three compounds were predicted by molinspiration prediction tool. The results show the crucial role of polyphenolic compounds to limit the activity of CEase. The drug-likeness prediction revealed the prospects of the identified lead molecules as potential drug candidates.
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PMID:Identification of Lead Molecules in Garcinia mangostana L. Against Pancreatic Cholesterol Esterase Activity: An In Silico Approach. 2874 Dec 79