Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzymatic activity of shuttle systems for reduction equivalents transport (malate-aspartate, glycerophosphate, lactate, glutamate and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) was studied spectrophotometrically in liver tissue of intact rabbits and animals with experimental atherosclerosis. Content of malate, oxaloacetate, glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-glycerophosphate, dihydroacetone phosphate, lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were studied. In experimental atherosclerosis coordinated functioning of the enzymes, which participate in the utilization of the cytoplasmic NAD-H2 and the alteration in the ratio of reduced and oxidized metabolites in the systems, were found to be impaired.
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PMID:[The function of shuttle systems of liver extramitochondrial hydrogen transport in experimental atherosclerosis]. 0 20

The early fine structural changes in the arteries of rats induced by excess vitamin D3 perorally or parenterally were essentially similar, except the latter had a more prominent toxic effect to the vascular wall. The ultrastructural features, incidental to calcification, included the appearance of increased ground substance with a separation of collagenous and elastic fibrils, and degenerative changes in smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis was greatly accelerated at the sites of vascular injury when cholesterol, cholic acid and thiouracil were added to the basal diet. Calcification was initially observed in relation to elastic fibrils or degenerated cells in the upper and middle layers of the arteries, although there were few such deposits in the thickened intima of the coronary arteries. Calcium deposition could not be a direct effect of hypercalcemia, but the functional activity of smooth muscle cells did seem to promote the mineralization of calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, vitamin D-induced sclerosis did not prevent intimal thickening of the arteries when vitamin D3 was withdrawn.
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PMID:Vitamin D sclerosis in rats. 22 74

Low density lipoproteins (LDL), endogenously labelled with 3H in the triglyceride moiety, were isolated from rabbit serum and subsequently incubated in vitro at 37 degrees C with unlabelled preparations of rabbit high density lipoproteins (HDL) or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In incubations performed in the presence of phosphate buffer, there was no significant transfer of [3H]triglyceride from LDL to either HDL or VLDL; but when rabbit lipoprotein-free serum (the dialysed 1.21 g/ml infranatant) was added, transfer was apparent to both HDL and VLDL. The triglyceride transferring activity of the lipoprotein-free serum was abolished by heating at 85 degrees C for 10 min; all the transferring activity was found in the fraction which precipitated with ammonium sulphate at a concentration of less than 50% saturation. In direct contrast to the rabbit studies, rat serum failed to show a comparable process of triglyceride transfer. In subsequent experiments, mixtures of labelled LDL and unlabelled VLDL isolated either from rabbits or from rats were incubated with lipoprotein-free rabbit, rat or human serum. The lipoprotein-free serum of both the rabbit and man was effective in promoting transfer of 30--50% of LDL [3H]triglyceride into VLDL, regardless of the species origin of the lipoproteins. By contrast the lipoprotein-free serum of rats was only slightly more effective than buffer alone in promoting such transfers. It has been concluded that rabbit and human serum contains a triglyceride transferring factor of far greater activity than that in rat serum.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jun
PMID:Species differences in the activity of a serum triglyceride transferring factor. 22 89

Fourteen patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with 1.0-0.5 mg ethinyl estradiol orally daily and 160-80 mg polyestradiol phosphate im monthly. Lipid concentrations were determined in plasma and the high density lipoprotein fraction, and the plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl transfer rate was measured before and 1 and 6 months after the start of therapy. During treatment, the concentration of total cholesterol was unchanged while there was a 60% increase of high density lipoprotein-total cholesterol. Triglyceride (TG) concentration increased 40%, indicating an augmented level of very low density lipoprotein concentration. The plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl transfer rate increase 20-35%, indicating that an increased rate of production and turnover of TG, cholesteryl esters, and very low density lipoproteins probably was a main cause of the elevated TG concentration. The potential effects on the development of atherosclerosis by the plasma lipid changes during estrogen treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Changes of plasma lipid metabolism in males during estrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma. 23 77

The effects of atrial pacing (A.P.) on the myocardial balance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) were studied in 11 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and pacing-induced angina (Group C) and in 5 normal subjects (Group N). During A.P. in group C 64% of patients had myocardial loss of Pi, statistically significant (p less than 0,025) always with concomitant reduced myocardial extraction or production of lactate, but only 70% of patients with reduced myocardial extraction or production of lactate had myocardial loss of Pi. In only 1 p. of group N myocardial loss of Pi with normal lactate extraction was observed. These data show that during pacing-induced ischemia there is a negative myocardial balance of Pi, that can be used as a metabolic indicator of ischemia, but less reliable than lactate reduced extraction or production.
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PMID:[Liberation of inorganic phosphates in the coronary sinus as an indicator of human myocardial ischemia]. 75 26

In 34 patients with coronary atherosclerosis a pacing test was performed with measurement of the lactate, glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate coronary arterio-venous differences. Eighteen of these 34 patients felt no pain during the pacing test. In this group of asymptomatic patients, there was no significant change of the lactate, glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate myocardial extraction. In the 16 patients who felt an anginal pain during the pacing test, there was a significant myocardial production of lactate, but the myocardial loss of potassium and inorganic phosphate was not continuously statistically significant. Myocardial extraction of glucose during the pacing-induced angina did not increase. Although, in some patients, both the potassium and the inorganic phosphate might be used to assess a condition of myocardial ischaemia, the lactate remains the best metabolic criterion for pacing-induced ischaemia.
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PMID:[Values of glucose, potassium and inorganic phosphate as metabolic indicators of myocardial ischemia in humans]. 80 87

The effect of prior hypertension on lipid synthesis in the thoracic aortae of normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits was studied in vitro using[1(-14)C] acetate and [32P] phosphate as lipid precursors. In normally fed rabbits, prior hypertension did not increase the incorporation of the labelled precursors into either phospholipid or neutral lipid. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, hypertension increased the incorporation of [32P] phosphate into phosphatidyl-choline and of [1(-14)C-acetate into cholesterol ester. The increased incorporation of [1(-14)C] acetate into cholesterol ester was accompanied by an increase in intimal total cholesterol concentration. For both normotensive and hypertensive cholesterol-fed rabbits there was a close correlation between cholesterol esterification and total cholesterol concentration of the thoracic intima. It is concluded that the increase in aortic lipid synthesis in hypertensive cholesterol-fed rabbits is secondary to the increased cholesterol accumulation induced by hypertension rather than to a direct stimulation of arterial wall lipid synthesis by hypertension per se.
Atherosclerosis 1976 Sep
PMID:Incorporation in vitro of 14C-labelled acetate and 32P-labelled phosphate into lipid in thoracic aortae from hypertensive and nomotensive rabbits. 97 45

The influence of variations of oxygen tension on the metabolism of bovine mesenteric arteries was studied in vitro. Glucose uptake, lactate production, glycogen content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CrP) and incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein were determined. The mesenteric arteries were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer which was aerated with a gas mixture containing 5% CO2,O-95% O2 and N2 to 100%. Reduction of the O2 concentration of the gas phase from 95-20% resulted in little metabolic change. A further reduction from 20-0% O2 increased the lactate production 4-fold, indicating a marked Pasteur effect. At 0% O2 the glucose uptake was moderately increased and the glycogen content was decreased. The tissue level of CrP was reduced at a low oxygen tension and at 0% O2 the ATP content was also lowered. The incorporation of leucine into proteins was reduced at 0% O2.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Influence of oxygen tension of the metabolism of vascular smooth muscle: demonstration of a Pasteur effect. 100 12

We studied the effect of lysolecithin on the clearing of plasma cholesterol. The immediate and maximal conversion of plasma lecithin to lysolecithin was produced in rats by intravenous injection of phospholipase A. The changes which took place in the converted lysolecithin and of cholesterol were followed in rats which had previously received [32-P]phosphate and [14-C]cholesterol. We followed simultaneously the in vitro changes in blood removed immediately after the in vivo administration of phospholipase A. The experiments showed that a substantial part of the plasma lecithin was converted to lysolecithin within the first minute after intravenous administration of phospholipase A. In the course of 60 min of blood incubation, the ratio of plasmatic lysolecithin in the closed system continued to increase. At the same time the content of cholesterol also increased. In vivo, the converted lysolecithin was quickly released from the plasma, so that within 10 min the original lecithin content dropped to 15-5% depending on the dose of phospholipase A that had been administered. The content of sphingomyelin and lysolecithin, which increased only temporarily shortly after injection, did not alter during the experiment. The level of plasma cholesterol esters, however, dropped significantly, whereas the free cholesterol content increased. The molar ratio of the drop in lipid phosphorus and cholesterol esters in plasma after the administration of phospholipase A was similar. A significantly higher cholesterol content was found in the liver of animals treated with phospholipase A.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Lysolecithin-dependent release of cholesterol from rat plasma. 114 30

Distrubances are found in the shuttle transport systems of extramitochonidral hydrogen in the brain of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, the catalytical function of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrohenase being preserved. A decrease in the activity of cytoplasmatic glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was observed parallel with an increase in the content of glycerophosphate. Deviations from the norm in the malate-aspartate shunt are pronounced in a considerable activation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, inhibition of aspartate amino transpherase, accumulation of oxaloacetate and exhaustion of the malate stock. Beta-Oxybutyrate dehydrogenase activates sharply, the content of acetoacetate increases. The total activity of hexoxokinase in cytoplasm and mitochondria remains practically unchanged.
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PMID:[Generation and transport systems of restored equivalents in rabbit brain tissue under experimental atherosclerosis]. 120 81


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