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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen non-obese patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and fifteen normocholesterolemic subjects matched for age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, arterial blood pressure and sedentary life style underwent blood sampling for determination of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1 and B. In both groups of subjects we determined erythrocyte membrane microviscosity and performed an echocardiographic study. We demonstrated that hypercholesterolemic patients had a significant increase in fasting plasma total cholesterol (8.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, P less than 0.001), insulin (79 +/- 4 vs. 58 +/- 4 pmol/l, P less than 0.05) and apolipoprotein B (2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.5 g/l P less than 0.01). In the echocardiographic study we found a significant impairment in left ventricular relaxation (isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) 106 +/- 6 vs. 73 +/- 7 ms, P less than 0.01). Erythrocyte membrane microviscosity (0.253 +/- 0.004 vs. 0.225 +/- 0.003, P less than 0.05) was also increased in hypercholesterolemic patients. Finally we found that erythrocyte membrane microviscosity correlated with fasting plasma insulin levels (r = -0.46, P less than 0.03) and IRT (r = -0.52, P less than 0.01).
Atherosclerosis 1992 Sep
PMID:Impaired left ventricular relaxation and hyperinsulinemia in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. 141 3

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were determined in mentally handicapped subjects (n = 87). 33 women were on lynestrenol 5-10 mg for therapeutic amenorrhea (TA). 18 of them were randomly allocated to continue on lynestrenol and 15 were switched to intramuscular administration of medroxyprogesterone (DMPA). The switch to DMPA resulted in significant increases in HDL-C (33%), Apo A1 (12%), as well as in the HDL-C/LDL-C (48%) and Apo A1/Apo B (22%) ratios. The concentrations of HDL-C and Apo A1 were significantly greater in patients receiving DMPA, than in patients continuing with lynestrenol therapy. The amenorrhea incidence, however, did not differ between the two therapy groups. It is concluded that therapy with DMPA may be associated with smaller atherosclerosis risk than with peroral lynestrenol, because of its weaker effect on HDL-C and A1 levels.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins during therapeutic amenorrhea induced by lynestrenol and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. 183 88

We studied the levels of cardiovascular risk factors in a population sample of 511 men and 920 women aged 65-74 years and living in East Finland. Altogether 312 men and 515 women had normal glucose tolerance, 84 men and 158 women impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 33 men and 59 women newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) detected at the survey, and 82 men and 188 women previously diagnosed NIDDM. Subjects with IGT or newly diagnosed NIDDM had higher levels of total triglycerides and apolipoprotein B and lower levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 than subjects with normal glucose tolerance, similarly as in previously diagnosed NIDDM. Furthermore, subjects with IGT or newly diagnosed NIDDM were more obese, had higher waist-hip ratio, and more frequently hypertension than subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, asymptomatic hyperglycemia in the elderly is not a benign phenomenon, but is associated with similar adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors as in middle-aged subjects.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Jun
PMID:Asymptomatic hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. 189 82

This study was designed to investigate whether the presence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or coronary heart disease (CHD) in probands have different effects on serum lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations in the first-degree relatives. Altogether 161 probands (114 men, 47 women) and 788 first-degree relatives of these probands (174 brothers, 246 sisters, 180 sons, 188 daughters) were included in the analyses. The presence of NIDDM in the proband was associated with lowered total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and elevated total triglyceride levels in the brothers (P less than 0.05) and elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels in the sisters (P less than 0.05). Total LDL and VLDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were higher (P less than 0.05) and HDL/total cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein A1/B ratio lower (P less than 0.05) in the daughters of the nondiabetic and diabetic probands were pooled, CHD in the proband was associated particularly with low apolipoprotein A1/B ratio. In conclusion, (1) the presence of NIDDM in the proband appears to be associated in siblings with more profound lipid and lipoprotein changes (especially low HDL cholesterol and high total triglycerides) than a history of CHD in the proband, (2) a history of CHD in the proband is associated in children with apolipoprotein changes favouring atherosclerosis (low apolipoprotein A1, high apolipoprotein B, low apolipoprotein A1/B ratio). Different effects of a history of NIDDM and CHD in the proband on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in the first-degree relatives warrants more population-based studies.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Jan
PMID:Familial aggregation of non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease are accompanied by different effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. 206 32

The effect of sex steroids on lipid metabolism depends on the type and dose of the compounds, the route of administration, and the duration of treatment. Therefore the composition of an oral contraceptive determines the resultant effect on lipids and lipoproteins. During 12 months of treatment, the effects of two oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms of desogestrel (EE/DG) or 75 micrograms of gestodene (EE/GSD) on 19 serum parameters of lipid metabolism were followed in 11 women each. There was no change in total cholesterol and phospholipids. Total triglyceride levels were significantly elevated only by EE/GSD. After 3 and 6 months of intake of both preparations, a transitory increase in the triglyceride content of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein and a decrease in low-density lipoprotein-phospholipids was observed. After 12 months, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein phospholipids, and apolipoprotein B were significantly elevated, whereas very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides and all components of low-density lipoprotein were unchanged. Most of the components of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased as a result of a rise in HDL3 and apolipoprotein A2, whereas HDL2 and apolipoprotein A1 were not altered. There was no significant difference between the effects of the two preparations, although those of EE/GSD were mostly more pronounced. The increase in high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and total triglycerides reflects a slight preponderance of the effect of the estrogen component. Because low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were not changed, treatment with both formulations is in all probability not associated with an elevated risk of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Time-dependent alterations in lipid metabolism during treatment with low-dose oral contraceptives. 214 76

The effect of insulin treatment with 2 different insulin regimens on the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A1 and B was studied in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and secondary failure to oral hypoglycaemic agents. The investigation was performed as a randomized crossover study with treatment periods of 8 weeks. Insulin was given either as mainly intermediate acting insulin before breakfast and dinner (2-dose insulin) or as regular insulin preprandially with intermediate acting insulin at bedtime (4-dose insulin). A similar improvement in glycaemic control was obtained with both insulin regimens. On treatment with oral agents the patients were found to have higher total plasma triglycerides and lower plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than a matched non-diabetic control group. Insulin treatment almost completely normalized these lipid disturbances by reducing mean total plasma triglycerides with 36% and increasing plasma HDL cholesterol with 20% on 2-dose and 17% on 4-dose. The triglyceride concentration in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction was reduced. Mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was not affected by any treatment. There was an increase of similar magnitude in both HDL2 and HDL3 concentrations but only the change in the HDL3 subfraction was statistically significant. Mean plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration increased with 9% (P less than 0.05) while there was no significant change in the plasma apolipoprotein B concentration. The changes in the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A1 and B were almost identical on 2- and 4-dose insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Effect of different insulin regimens on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 218 32

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 47 patients with ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction were allocated to 3 months' treatment with peroral magnesium (15 mmol/d) or placebo. Before, during, and after treatment, blood samples were taken to determine serum concentrations of cholesterol; triglyceride; high-density, low-density, and very-low-density lipoprotein; apolipoprotein A1 and B; and magnesium. We found a 13% increase in molar ratio of apolipoprotein A1:apolipoprotein B after magnesium treatment, as compared with a 2% increase in the placebo group (for mean differences between changes of the magnesium and the placebo groups). This increase was caused by a decrease in apolipoprotein B concentrations, which were reduced by 15% from 1.44 to 1.23 mmol/L in the magnesium group as compared with a slight increase in the placebo group. Triglyceride, and thereby very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased by 27% after magnesium treatment (from 2.41 to 1.76 mmol/L, and from 1.1 to 0.79 mmol/L, respectively) as compared with much smaller decrements in the placebo group. Likewise, we found tendencies toward an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio/(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) after magnesium treatment. The observed findings support the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency might be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease by altering the blood lipid composition in a way that disposes to atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Influence of magnesium substitution therapy on blood lipid composition in patients with ischemic heart disease. A double-blind, placebo controlled study. 271 98

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, an independent coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor, is inversely associated with CHD. Whether interventions to increase concentrations of HDL--particularly the HDL2, HDL3, and apolipoprotein A1 subfractions--will reduce the incidence of CHD in high-risk patients is thus an area of intense speculation. Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic regimens will raise HDL concentrations. Nonpharmacologic approaches include habitual high-level aerobic exercise and weight loss--both of these somewhat more effective in men than in women--cessation of cigarette smoking, and changing of dietary habits. A number of drugs have been found to elevate HDL cholesterol. These include the bile acid-binding resin cholestyramine, nicotinic acid, gemfibrozil, phenytoin, exogenous estrogens, and alcohol. Terbutaline has also been reported to raise HDL cholesterol. It is not yet known whether, and to what degree, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic elevation of HDL cholesterol will retard or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. Conversely, HDL cholesterol is lowered by a broad variety of drugs, including anabolic--androgenic steroids, exogenous progestins, and probucol, which are used therapeutically to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Some agents used to treat hypertension also reduce HDL cholesterol, especially thiazide diuretics and the beta blockers, with the possible exception of pindolol. In the antiadrenergic class of antihypertensive agents, reserpine and methyldopa lower HDL cholesterol, but the alpha blocker prazosin does not appear to affect HDL cholesterol. The alpha agonist guanabenz has no effect on HDL cholesterol, and the vasodilator carprazidil has been reported to raise HDL cholesterol. In light of these facts, investigations should be undertaken to determine whether the metabolic effects of antihypertensive agents blunt their beneficial effects on CHD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic alteration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: therapeutic approaches to prevention of atherosclerosis. 286 87

Early changes in lipid metabolism and appearance of atherosclerosis risk factors play a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease of chronic renal failure (CRF). In the effort to evaluate the effects of protein restricted diet on dyslipidemia, we studied 122 patients with CRF (S-creatinine 1.3-9 mg/dl); 58.2% of whom were on antihypertensive drugs treatment. Patients had been separated into 6 groups: group 1 was kept on a free diet; groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were kept on a protein-restricted diet from 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 months, respectively. We found hypertriglyceridemia, pathologic levels of esterified cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and pathologic apolipoprotein A1/B ratio in group 1; the comparison with other groups--whose values were normal range after 12, 24 months of treatment--showed significant differences. The lipidic parameters were independent of the duration of CRF and of patients' age. Serum creatinine showed a significant correlation with tryglicerides and HDL-C values only in group 1. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly greater in hypertensives than in normotensives. In our opinion, a moderate restriction in protein intake could be effective in preventing and in halting the early alterations of lipid metabolism in CRF.
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PMID:Effect of protein-restricted diet on serum lipids and atherosclerosis risk factors in patients with chronic renal failure. 335 2

Org OD 14 is a synthetic steroid which in animal bioassays displays oestrogenic as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties. Earlier studies have shown that it alleviates oestrogen-deficiency symptoms and retards osteoporosis. OD 14 can be administered continuously with little effect on the endometrium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OD 14 on apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), the major protein constituent of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, as compared with that of oestradiol valerate (E2V) and a placebo. Twenty-two women, who had been oophorectomized when undergoing surgical treatment for stage IB or IIA cervical carcinoma, were given OD 14 2.5 mg/day, a placebo, and E2V 2 mg/day for a period of 6 wk in each case using a double-blind, cross-over method. Serum Apo-A1 was determined by electro-immunoassay after each treatment period. There was a marked decrease in Apo-A1 after OD 14 as compared with the levels seen after the placebo and E2V. This decrease is interpreted as evidence of a strong androgenic influence by OD 14. In epidemiological studies low levels of Apo-A1 have been associated with a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Long-term treatment with OD 14 might therefore be hazardous in this respect.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein A1 levels in oophorectomized women treated with Org OD 14, oestradiol valerate and a placebo. 644 54


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