Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum total lipids and cholesterol, electrophoretically determined lipoprotein concentrations, serum pseudocholinesterase and dilute blood clot lysis time were determined in 630 healthy subjects (287 men and 343 women) aged 20-60, working in the food industry. A high incidence of over-weight was noted ranging from 22.4% in women aged 20-40 to 58.7% in men aged 41-60. Over-weight subjects presenting higher levels of serum cholesterol, total lipids and of the pre-beta electrophoretic fraction also had a higher pseudo-cholinesterase activity and a more delayed clot lysis time than normal-weight subjects matched as to age and sex. When the material was divided into quintiles for pre-beta- and beta-lipoproteins, a highly significant delay of fibrinolysis was noted in the fourth and fifth quintiles for pre-beta-lipoproteins, but no significant changes of lysis time occurred with increasing concentrations of beta-lipoproteins. Possible explanations of the abovementioned findings are briefly discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Jun
PMID:Dilute blood clot lysis time and electrophoretic lipoprotein fractions in a population sample of healthy Romanians. 19 75

Histochemical studies of architectonics and mediator activity of cholinergic and adrenergic nerve plexuses in the myocardium of the auricles and right atrii of the heart were carried out. Both autopsy and biopsy materials: parts of right atrii from patient with congenital and rheumatic defects and atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, were used. Age changes in the nerve plexus were found to include a decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the content of catecholamines followed by decreased density of the plexus itself. Perivascular fibrosis combined with changes of afferent and adrenergic elements was revealed. Coronary artery atherosclerosis enhances and aggravates functional and structural changes of cholinergic and adrenergic components of the nervous apparatus of the heart associated with age. Congenital heart diseases are accompanied by decreasing density of adrenergic nerve plexuses and decreased content of catecholamines in them, and rheumatic diseases by destruction of cholinergic and adrenergic components.
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PMID:[Age-related changes in the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve elements of the human heart and their status in cardiovascular pathology]. 51 65

The presentation deals with the enzymatic spectrum of the blood serum (aminotransferase-glutamino-pyruvic and glutamino-oxaloacetic acid, sera cholinesterase, histidase, acid alkaline phosphatase) in 100 patients with transient disorders of cerebral circulation in the form of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. These disorders of circulation appeared on the background [corrected] of atherosclerosis and hypertensive disease or in other combination along with vasculitis of a different etiology. The most significant were changes of histidase and acid phosphatase activity and an inhibition of cholinesterase activity in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes with expressed focal disorders of cerebral circulation. In an improvement of the clinical state following medicative therapy there was a normalization of these indices. The only exclusion was histidase the content of which in some cases remained cunhanged.
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PMID:[Blood serum enzymatic spectrum in vascular diseases of the brain]. 62 45

To investigate the age-related increase in coagulation factor VII (FVII) and its significance in the elderly, we measured FVII coagulation activity (FVIIc), FVII antigen (FVIIag), and D-dimer levels in 150 normal subjects ranging in age from 60 to 98 years. We also measured blood lipid fractions and serum cholinesterase activity (ChE), as an indicator of hepatic protein synthesis. FVIIc (141 +/- 36%), FVIIag (136 +/- 28%), and D-dimer (0.150 +/- 0.372 microgram/ml) levels were significantly higher in the elderly than in younger controls (p less than 0.01). Both FVIIc and FVIIag levels were significantly higher in elderly women than in elderly men (p less than 0.01). FVIIc levels significantly correlated with FVIIag levels, but not with D-dimer levels. FVIIag was more closely correlated with ChE levels in both sexes (men: r = 0.425, women: r = 0.365, p less than 0.001) than with the lipid fractions. When the elderly subjects were divided into atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic groups, both FVIIc (p less than 0.01) and FVIIag (p less than 0.05) levels were higher in the former group. Moreover, the FVIIc/FVIIag ratio and ChE levels were higher in both the elderly men and women with atherosclerosis. These results suggest that in elderly subjects, especially with atherosclerosis, hepatic FVII synthesis and the activation of FVII zymogen are both accelerated.
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PMID:Factor VII hyperactivity in the elderly. 202 36

Growing rats were fed ad libitum soy protein isolate (SPI) or its peptic (SPI-P) or tryptic digest (SPI-T) for a month and their sera were examined for cholesterol and triglyceride levels and enzyme activities such as cholinesterase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase. The rats fed SPI-P or SPI-T were inferior in growth to those fed SPI. Similarly, the serum glyceride level was lower in the SPI-P and SPI-T groups than in the SPI group. On the other hand, a significant difference was found in the serum cholesterol level between the SPI-P and SPI or SPI-T groups but not between the SPI and SPI-T groups. A similar tendency was observed for serum GPT and alkaline phosphatase activities, although there were no significant differences among dietary groups in small intestinal enzyme activities. As for the atherogenic index being a risk factor inducing atherosclerosis, the order of its value was SPI-P less than SPI less than SPI-T.
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PMID:Effect of feeding peptic digest of soy protein isolate on rat serum cholesterol. 310 Jul 38

The histological, ultrastructural, morphometrical and histochemical aspects of the arterial media were studied in young and aged SHR, and compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. The diffuse thickening was the most characteristic feature of the hypertensive media. It seems due to three processes: Early generalized hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells (smc); connective matrix neogenesis and smc proliferation, more evident in peripheral vasculature. The present paper discusses the following hypertensive tunica media changes in relation to the atherosclerotic process: the decrease in lipolytic esterase and cholinesterase activities; the activation of some lysosomal enzymes; the increase in collagen, glycosaminoglycan and elastin content; the increased media thickness; the modified smc behavior (migration, secretion, proliferation). These alterations might positively influence arterial susceptibility to atherosclerosis through reduced smc lipolytic activity; slowed transmural diffusion; perturbed efflux and aggravated media hypoxia.
Atherosclerosis 1987 May
PMID:Tunica media changes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). 360 28

Of four patients with palatal myoclonus, three had infarcts resulting from atherosclerosis, and one had cerebral emboli from a left atrial myxoma. Three specimens showed lesions in the brainstem and bilateral hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nuclei; the fourth revealed unilateral olivary changes caused by an infarct in the contralateral dentate nucleus. After incubation for acetylcholinesterase, neuropilar and capillary wall staining were absent or much reduced, but there was increased denisty of reaction product in the neuronal cell bodies and in numerous tortuous dendrites. Methods for acid phosphatase showed strong activity in the dendrites and glomeruloid structures of the diseased olives. Reactions for nonspecific esterase indicated dendritic expansion and reduced staining density in nerve cell bodies, but augmented glial reactivity.
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PMID:Olivary hypertrophy: histochemical demonstration of hydrolytic enzymes. 624 89

Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase is a large polymorphic enzyme. Its native forms 18 S, 14 S and 8.5 S possess a tail having a collagen-like structure. It was suggested that this tail is involved in the anchorage of the enzyme at the terminal of the synapse. Watkins et al. [1] showed that all forms of the enzyme having a collagen segment also bind to sphingomyelin liposomes with almost no binding to phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. In agreement with the above results, the binding of acetylcholinesterase reported here was independent of the following liposomal parameters (a) curvature, (b) the physical state of the bilayer, (c) the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of sphingomyelin, (d) stereospecificity of the sphingomyelin, (e) acyl chain of the sphingomyelin. The binding was reduced with increasing PC content in sphingomyelin vesicles. The binding has no effect on the bilayer integrity. The enzymatic activity can be released from the vesicles by incubation with collagenase. The association of the enzyme with the liposomes had minimal effect on its kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax). The only detectable effect was increasing enzyme stability at low enzyme concentration. This suggested that the binding of the enzyme to sphingomyelin liposomes reduced its surface denaturation. Such association was not unique to acetylcholinesterase since collagen showed similar behavior. Collagen binding to sphingomyelin liposomes was 5-10-times larger than to PC liposomes. The exact details of the interaction of collagen and collagen-like peptides with sphingomyelin bilayers are yet unknown although it differs from the well documented hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions [7]. This work proposes hydrogen bonding as a third mechanism which involves the interface region of sphingolipids molecules and the collagen or collagen-like tail of acetylcholinesterase. This binding is also of interest due to its correlation to the accumulation of sphingomyelin and collagen during aging and the development of atherosclerosis in blood vessels of mammals.
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PMID:Characterization of the association of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase with sphingomyelin liposomes. Relevance to collagen-sphingomyelin interactions. 649 89

Ultrasonic and laboratory studies were performed in 816 white-collar workers over 35 years old who received health examination. Prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography was 17.9% in all subjects and was maximum (24.4%) in males 45-49 years of age. Obesity index and body mass index were higher in fatty liver than in normal controls. Serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), cholinesterase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, HbA1c and glucose were significantly higher, and a serum level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in males with fatty liver than in controls with obesity. Prevalence of abnormal laboratory findings in fatty liver was also shown, and prevalence of fatty liver was prominently high in males with severe obesity or with mild elevation of GPT. A major cause of fatty liver was considered as obesity. In conclusion, fatty liver was a common cause of liver dysfunction and was closely related to risk factors for atherosclerosis especially in white-collar workers.
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PMID:[Ultrasonic and laboratory studies on fatty liver in white-collar workers]. 764 60

The preventative effects of bifemelane (4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride) on atherosclerosis in aged rats fed low-calcium diets were investigated. Male 18-month-old Wistar rats were maintained for 90 days on the following: (A) standard diet (n = 7), (B) low calcium, low magnesium, high aluminium diet (n = 8), (C) standard diet plus oral intubation with 10 mg bifemelane/kg daily (n = 6), (D) low calcium and magnesium, high aluminium diet plus oral intubation with 10 mg bifemelane/kg daily (n = 6). All groups were give these diets and water ad lib for 90 days, after which blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta and samples of aorta were examined for atherosclerotic changes. The serum concentrations of the following were determined: calcium, magnesium, zinc, aluminium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, creatine phosphokinase, blood urea nitrogen and N-terminal parathyroid hormone. The only significant differences between the groups in serum chemistry were reduced concentrations of cholinesterase and magnesium in groups B and D, increased aluminium in group B, and increased N-terminal parathyroid hormone in groups B and D. In groups C and D the atherosclerosis was much improved compared with that in groups A and B. It appears that bifemelane largely prevents atherosclerosis caused by calcium deposition in the arteries of rats fed low-calcium diets, due to its effect in maintaining magnesium and calcium in bones.
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PMID:Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on atherosclerosis in aged rats fed low-calcium diets. 895 29


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