Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human heart lipoprotein lipase was purified by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose 4B. When crude extracts of heart acetone powder were applied to columsn, about 40% of total lipase activity was bound to the gel and then eluted with 1.5 M NaCl. At this stage the eluted enzyme was purified 1900-fold. Disc gel electrophoresis yielded a single protein band corresponding with lipolytic activity. Minimum molecular weight of the protein was 60,000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The purified enzyme was highly unstable; however, its activity could be partially stabilized at --20C by bovine serum albumin, glycerol, or ethylene glycol. The activity of the purified enzyme (i) had a pH optimum between 7.8 and 8.0; (ii) required serum for full enzymatic activity; apoC-II could be substituted for serum; (iii) was inhibited by by apoC-I in the presence of activated substrate; (iv) was markedly inhibited by NaCl; and (v) was stimulated by heparin.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Purification and characterization of lipoprotein lipase from human heart. 0 61

The rate of cholesterol accumulation is a function of three separate processes: the transfer of lipid or lipoprotein from blood plasma to the artery, the binding and sequestering of lipids in the arterial wall and the solubilization and removal of lipid from the artery. These processes have been studied with lipids or lipoproteins labeled with radioisotopes by autoradiographic and quantitative chemical procedures. More recently immunochemical procedures have been applied to this problem. Studies have been performed with intact animals, isolated organs and cell cultures. In addition, homogenates have been used successfully to study intraarterial transformations of lipids, (for example, cholesterol esterification). Although epidemiologic and clinical studies, as well as animal experiments, have provided evidence that the concentration of plasma low or very low density lipoproteins parallels the rate of atherogenesis, the nature of the causal chain linking plasma lipoproteins to atherosclerosis is as yet unclear. A possible link between plasma lipoproteins, arterial liproprotein lipase and atherogenesis has been postulated.
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PMID:Mechanisms of cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall. 16 11

The small molecular weight apolipoproteins of pig very low density lipoprotein were investigated following their separation by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 in 6 M urea, produced essentially the same elution profile to that obtained after filtration of human very low density apolipoprotein. However, separation of the pig Sephadex fraction corresponding to human C proteins on DEAE-cellulose columns revealed the presence of only one major peptide and minor quantities of several others. Some properties of three apparent homogeneous fractions and one heterogeneous DEAE fraction were investigated. Unlike human apoprotein CII apoprotein, none of the pig peptides studied activated cow's milk lipase and sialic acid was not detected in any of the three purified C peptides of pig VLDL. The amino acid compositions of the pig peptides were different to those reported for human C apoproteins. The carboxy terminal residue of the major pig C peptide was shown to be serine. The differences so far revealed between pig and human C peptides need further investigation especially since this animal is regarded as a suitable model for investigating human lipoprotein metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Characterisation of the small molecular weight apolipoproteins from pig plasma very low density lipoprotein. 17 51

Incorporation of 125I-labeled cholesterol ester rich lipoproteins from cholesterol fed rabbits into normal rabbit aorta in vitro was inhibited by heparin, lecithin, and collagenase and by succinylation of the lipoprotein. Aortic uptake of lipoprotein was increased by neuraminidase, proteases, lipase, and beta-glucuronidase. These results suggest that it may be possible to control atherogenesis by controlling the interaction of atherogenic lipoproteins with their arterial receptor.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Control of the interaction of cholesterol ester-rich lipoproteins with arterial receptors. 18 30

Lipoprotein-lipase activity (LPL) was measured in biopsies of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of normal human subjects, and the results were related to concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins. Adipose-tissue LPL activity was significantly higher in females than in males, whereas no sex difference was observed in skeletal-muscle LPL activity. A highly significant positive correlation was present between the plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and LPL activity in adipose tissue (r = +0.66, P less than 0.001) but not between HDL and skeletal-muscle LPL. The results suggest that the activity of LPL in adipose tissue and the rate of catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins might be one of the factors that determine the concentration of HDL in plasma and at least partly account for the known sex difference in plasma HDL level.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Apr
PMID:Relation of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to lipoprotein-lipase activity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of man. 20 90

The influence of treatment with polyunsaturated lecithin (EPL) and with saturated lecithin on the lipoprotein composition and fatty acid profile was investigated in 4 male chimpanzees. The animals were successively given 3 isocaloric diets containing the same amount of fat with a degree of saturation varying from 1 in the control diet to 0.2 in the diet enriched with polyunsaturated lecithin, to 4 in the diet enrich with saturated lecithin. The VLDL, LDL and HDL3 fractions were isolated by ultracentrifugal flotation; changes in their lipid and fatty acid composition were followed and their microviscosity was measured. The treatment with polyunsaturated lecithin increases the cholesterol esters and lysolecithin content in HDL3, presumably via activation of the enzyme LCAT. These modified HDL particles have a more fluid surface and a denser core and are susceptible to act as better cholesterol carriers. A complementary effect of this treatment is a decrease of the plasma triglycerides and VLDL concentration, an increase in the unsaturation ratio of the triglycerides which might take place via activation of triglyceride lipase. The saturated lecithin treatment increases the plasma VLDL and LDL concentrations and the triglyceride levels and increases mostly the saturation ratio of the cholesterol esters. These effects are likely to enhance the progression of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Feb
PMID:Influence of oral polyunsaturated and saturated phospholipid treatment on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of chimpanzee lipoproteins. 22 3

The anomalous finding that very low density lipoprotein levels are relatively normal in patients with familial hyperchylomicronaemia has never been satisfactorily explained, particularly in view of the marked reduction or absence of peripheral lipoprotein lipase activity characteristic of this condition. I propose that the discrepancy between the plasma levels of the two triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions in these patients is due to the secretion by the liver of triglyceride in the form of chylomicron-like particles, rather than as very low density lipoprotein. The proposed "switch" in the spectrum of lipoproteins secreted by the liver is probably contingent upon the activity of the hepatic lipase present on the liver cell plasma membrane.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Sep
PMID:Why very low density lipoprotein levels are normal in familial hyperchylomicronaemia. 22 32

Low doses of heparin were injected into the brachial artery of three volunteers. The lipase activities in the deep vein of the same forearm, draining mainly muscle tissue, and in the artery were monitored over a 10-min period. Lipase activity, rapidly released by heparin in the deep vein, was immunologically similar to lipoprotein lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3), i.e. (1) it did not react with antiserum against human post-heparin plasma hepatic lipase and (2) it was inhibited by an antiserum against bovine milk lipoprotein lipase, which cross reacts with human post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase. The evidence that human muscle contains lipoprotein lipase is discussed.
Atherosclerosis 1977 May
PMID:Heparin-induced release of lipase activity in the human forearm: an immunological study. 32 91

Lipase has been purified from pig adipose tissue and antibodies have been produced in rabbit. By indirect immunofluorescence and immunoenzyme techniques lipase-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the intima of pig aorta, in the endothelial cells of the myocardium and in plasma membranes of adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Lipase activity in extracts of some of these tissues was inhibited by the addition of anti-lipase antibodies. At least part of the immunoreactivity in the examined tissues is due to active lipases.
Atherosclerosis 1977 May
PMID:Localization of lipase-like immunoreactivity in porcine adipose, aortic and myocardial tissue. 40 24

Sixteen healthy subjects, 7 females and 9 males, with a mean age of 25 years (range 22--29 years), were studied in the fasting state in the morning and 8 h later after partaking of breakfast, lunch and two small meals. The lipoprotein-lipase activity in the adipose tissue increased significantly from 80 +/- 32 to 117 +/- 61 nmol fatty acid released per gram and minute (nmol FA/g/min), whereas in skeletal-muscle tissue it decreased significantly from 25 +/- 11 to 17 +/- 9 nmol FA/g/min. The concentration of serum triglycerides increased significantly from 0.93 +/- 0.18 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) in the fasting state to 1.57 +/- 0.64 mmol/l in the fed state. In the fasting state the lipoprotein-lipase activity of skeletal muscle was inversely related to the ratio between the concentrations of insulin and glucagon.
Atherosclerosis 1978 May
PMID:Lipoprotein-lipase activity in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in the fasting and the fed states. 67 12


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