Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been demonstrated by us and other workers that rats receiving I.V. infusions of Lipofundin-S will develop aortic changes indicative of early atherosclerosis. However, different lipid emulsions which are used in the clinical setting for parenteral nutrition vary substantially in chylomicron size and fatty acid composition. Therefore, in an attempt to better understand the mechanism by which a lipid emulsion might induce vessel lesions, we compared the nature of potential aortic changes resulting from infusions of Liposyn, Intralipid, or Lipofundin-S into the tail veins of Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of animals received either Liposyn (N = 10), Intralipid (N = 5), or Lipofundin-S (N = 9) at the rate of 6 g fat/kg body wt/day for 10 consecutive days. A fourth group (N = 5) received saline in equivalent dose to evaluate the effect of injection volume on vessel lesion formation. The other controls (N = 6) received no injections. Rats were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last infusion, and 1 mm rings from the top of the aortic arch and proximal third of the thoracic aorta were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Examination by TEM allows two main conclusions to be drawn for both segments of the aorta. First, all three emulsions are capable of inducing early vessel changes which include endothelial damage, platelet adherence to damaged endothelium or subendothelial collagen, intimal phagocytic cells, and intimal smooth muscle cells surrounded by collagen bundles and elastin plates. Saline-infused rats only show occasional subendothelial swelling. None of the above-described changes are seen in any of the uninjected controls. Second, Lipofundin-S induces smooth muscle penetration of the intima in 7 of 9 rats, while Liposyn causes such changes in 2 of 10 animals. This difference in the efficiency with which the two emulsions induce the most advanced changes is statistically significantly by Chi Square (p less than 0.05). Intralipid produces smooth muscle penetration of the intima in 2 of 5 rats. The composition of the three emulsions suggests that the lower percent of linoleic acid and larger chylomicron size in Lipofundin-S may account for these differences, at least in part.
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PMID:Induction of early atherosclerosis in rats using parenterally-administered lipid emulsions. 366 45

Oxidative stress is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of a number of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cataracts and to accelerate the aging process. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of various dietary fats in the in vivo modulation of CCl(4) induced oxidative stress using rat as a model. Rats were raised on diets enriched with saturated (Beef Tallow), n-9 (Sunola oil), n-6 (Safflower oil) or n-3 (Flaxseed oil) fatty acids and exposed to elevated oxidative stress by administration of CCl(4.) Plasma concentration of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), antioxidant micronutrients and antioxidant enzymes were measured to examine changes to oxidative stress subsequent to the administration of CCl(4). The fatty acid profiles of plasma and RBC membranes reflected the fats fed in the different diets. CCl(4) administration had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of plasma or RBC lipids. Plasma 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentrations were elevated by CCl(4) administration regardless of the dietary fat fed. Within the induced oxidative groups the 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentrations were highest in Safflower oil followed by Sunola oil, Tallow and finally Flaxseed oil. Induction of oxidative stress by CCl(4) administration was associated with a significant reduction in Vitamin A content reaching a significantly lower concentration (P <0.05) in the Tallow and Flaxseed oil groups. Vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the Safflower oil and the Flaxseed oil than in the Tallow diet group following CCl(4) administration. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) activities were not affected by dietary fat manipulation. The results of this study indicate that dietary fat can modulate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses when exposed to a pro-oxidant challenge.
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PMID:Modulation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress by dietary fat in rats(open star). 1183 24