Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cutaneous and plasma lipids (cholesterol and Apoprotein B) were studied in 2 populations (average age 57.5 years), one with pathological and the other with normal coronary angiography. Skin biopsy was performed during the incision of thoracotomy. The concentrations of Apo B and cholesterol in the skin were compared to those of plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoprotein B for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. This study showed that skin Apo B was the best marker of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with plasma Apo B concentrations of less than 1.3 g/l. The skin Apo B concentration was closely correlated to the presence but not to the severity of this arterial pathology. The cardiovascular risk factors of this population, studied separately and in a cumulative manner, confirmed the results of previously published reports.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1986 Jul
PMID:[Cutaneous apoprotein B and coronary atherosclerosis]. 309 47

Primary thrombocythemia may cause vascular thrombosis; it has been rarely involved in coronary atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction. We report three cases of renal arteries atherosclerosis occurring in association with primary thrombocythemia. These cases are three young women (20, 40 and 42 years old) with severe hypertension secondary to atherosclerosis with stenosis of renal arteries, one or both sided, and in association in one case with diffuse arterial stenosis. Systematic investigation revealed thrombocytosis with latent myeloproliferative syndrome of megacaryocytic colony. Thrombocytosis was previously present as attested by a blood count one year before (in one case) and by long-term peripheral vasomotor troubles, electively improved by aspirin (in two cases). In none of these three cases, vascular risk factors, nor hereditary vascular diseases were present. So we assume that platelets high levels are responsible for this early atherosclerosis, in keeping with the well-know role of platelets in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Platelets investigations must be done in case of renovascular hypertension, occurring without any classical vascular risk factors.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1986 Jun
PMID:[Essential thrombocythemia and hypertension as a result of stenosis of the renal artery]. 309 94

Coronary artery stenosis is one of the possible complications of radiotherapy to the mediastinum. Although less frequent than pericardial disease, anatomopathological studies have shown it not to be uncommon. Five cases with different clinical presentations are reported and the 30 previously described cases are reviewed. Radiotherapy was performed for Hodgkin's disease in 70% of cases and for carcinoma of the breast in 10% of cases. The average delay before onset of the symptoms was 4 years but in some cases delays of up to 10 years were observed. The most common presentation was an inaugural myocardial infarction (50 to 60% of cases). In other cases, angina of effort or typical spastic angina was observed. The coronary lesions were mainly proximal single artery stenosis affecting especially the left anterior descending artery. The typical histological appearances of the stenosis were intimal and sometimes adventicial fibrosis, occasionally associated with medial hyaline sclerosis. However, atherosclerotic lesions were also commonly present. This observation raises the question of the role of irradiation in the development of precocious atherosclerosis by coronary endothelial damage. This hypothesis is supported by the results of experimental studies and by the fact that several autopsy reports showed that the atheroma only developed in the irradiated zone. In addition, although the most demonstrative cases are those of young patients of 30 to 35 years of age, the responsibility of radiotherapy in the development or coronary pathology of older patients cannot be excluded, especially when none of the classical coronary risk factors are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1986 Oct
PMID:[Coronary stenosis after radiotherapy. Clinical study of 5 cases and review of the literature]. 310 71

This study analysed the clinical profile, prognosis and consequences on left ventricular function of isolated obstructive atherosclerosis of the right coronary artery in order to establish the indications of percutaneous angioplasty. The inclusion criteria were at least one stenotic lesion greater than 75 p. 100 of a dominant or equilibrated right coronary artery and exclusion of stenosis of the other coronary vessels. A questionnaire was sent to the treating physician and to the patient to establish the actuarial survival (Cutler and Ederer's method). The average period of follow-up was 56 months (range 12 to 70 months). Seventy one patients (average age 53 years) were selected from a series of 2,675 consecutive coronary angiograms performed between 1979 and 1984 (2.7 p. 100). The incidence of previous infarction was 60 p. 100; this was located on the inferior wall in 75 p. 100, inferobasal wall in 12 p. 100 and infero-latero-basal wall in 13 p. 100. Bypass surgery was performed in 7 cases and percutaneous angioplasty in 2 cases. Sixty-two cases were managed medically. Analysis of the 71 angiographic films of the series showed in retrospect an indication for percutaneous angioplasty in 29 patients (42 p. 100 of the series). The 5 year mortality rate was 5.6 p. 100. Death was sudden in the 4 cases observed, including one on the 28th day after bypass surgery complicated by perioperative infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1986 Nov
PMID:[Clinical and developmental aspects of 1-vessel right coronary atheroma. Therapeutic consequences]. 310 88

The combined transplantation of heart and lungs, first done successfully by the Stanford Team (USA) in 1982, at present seems to be superseding lung transplantation alone, and has broadened the indications of heart transplantation to include terminal heart failure with fixed pulmonary arterial hypertension. After reviewing the causes for failure in lung transplants, the authors stress the superiority of heart-lung transplants compared to isolated lung transplantations: healing of the tracheal anastomosis, ease of detection of rejects by endomyocardial biopsy and the lack of inhomogeneity of the ventilation/perfusion ratios. This operation still poses problems of surgical technique as the mediastinal nerves need to be preserved and the risk of haemorrhage linked to the mediastinal dissection or to the eventual pulmonary separation under cardiopulmonary bypass is important. Donor subjects for cardiopulmonary transplantation are rare as they ought to have a thoracic cage of matching size to the recipient and to be free of pulmonary infection and trauma. The post-operative complications are essentially those of immediate haemorrhage, graft rejection, pulmonary oedema and infection. The late complications are coronary atherosclerosis and bronchiolitis obliterans. The indications of such a transplant are currently reserved for primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension and to respiratory failure with a normal thoracic cage and ventilatory mechanics.
Rev Mal Respir 1987
PMID:[Heart-lung transplantation]. 310 71

Epidemiological studies on the treatment of moderate arterial hypertension show little change in the frequency of coronary disease despite a significant lowering of arterial pressure. This phenomenon reflects the causative role played by alterations of the main arteries in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of treated hypertensive patients. These alterations may be of different natures, notably haemodynamic (increased arterial rigidity) or biochemical (especially changes in lipid profile). Seen from that angle, involvement of the main arteries reflects either an arterial wall pathology specific to the hypertensive disease, or an associated atherosclerosis, or the effect of certain drugs. The role of each of these factors is described.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1987 Apr
PMID:[Prevention trials and role of vascular factors in moderate arterial hypertension]. 311 94

During the last three decades studies on the pathogenesis of atheroma have highlighted successively lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. The undisputed role of cholesterol has been widened by taking into account the nature and composition of lipoproteins in addition to their plasma levels. The concept of relative atherogenicity of lipoproteins and a better understanding of the role played by apolipoproteins have thrown more light on the formation of atheromatous plaques in the absence of hyperlipidaemia. On this point must be mentioned studies that associate LDL apo-B with coronary risk, and apo-A1 abnormalities which predispose to atheromatosis. More recently, attention has been focused on apo-E as a genetic factor that may interact with the environment to modulate blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels and secondarily influence individual tendencies to develop atherosclerosis. The three major forms of apo-E (E2, E3, E4) are encoded by three alleles (E2, E3, E4) and act on the same locus of chromosome 19 to determine 6 apo-E phenotypes in the population. We now know that the E2 allele is associated with lower levels, and the E4 allele with higher levels, of LDL-cholesterol than the E3 allele. E4 is a risk factor which predisposes to coronary atherosclerosis. It follows that the E2 allele should have protective powers, provided no other factor, ecological or hereditary, intervenes to foster the development of an atherogenic hypertriglyceridaemia.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1987 Apr
PMID:[The predictive value of apolipoproteins in atheroma]. 311 95

When only statistically comparable studies are taken into account, there are three primary prevention and eight secondary prevention studies. In 9 out these 11 studies the calculated decrease in the incidence of coronary disease are in favour of a beneficial effect of the lipid-lowering treatment. Some studies suggest that femoral atherosclerosis is receding and that coronary atherosclerosis is stable or progresses more slowly, but this always provided the plasma lipids are significantly and durably reduced. Subjects at high cardiovascular risk, therefore, must be treated, but one should now proceed even further, since the decrease of total cholesterol in the general population is paralleled by a decrease of coronary disease. This is in keeping with the results of extensive epidemiological surveys (notably the Framingham survey) which show that the lower the total cholesterol level the brighter the cardiovascular prognosis.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1987 Apr
PMID:[Results of prevention trials by intervention with lipids]. 311 96

The alterations observed in connective tissue of the arterial wall and dermis in atherosclerosis incited us to investigate collagen metabolism in patients with coronary disease. We first studied collagen metabolism in fibroblast cultures, then measured serum levels of type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide. Fibroblast collagen metabolism was investigated in 12 consecutive patients of less than 45 years of age presenting with coronary disease and coronary atherosclerosis was found to be preserved in patients with atherosclerosis, but less type III type I procollagen was synthesized (14.6 +/- 6.6% versus 22.3 +/- 4.3%). This abnormality, found in 83% of our coronary patients, seemed to be unrelated to risk factors or to the severity of atherosclerosis. Serum type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide was assayed comparatively in 36 patients with coronary atherosclerosis confirmed at coronary-ventriculography and in 35 patients free from coronary disease as defined by the W.H.O. criteria. Serum levels of this peptide were significantly higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis (26.76 +/- 16 ng/ml) than in controls (10.43 +/- 3.18 ng/ml). 61% of coronary patients had a peptide level higher than the normal value (17 ng/ml). No correlation was found between this rise in type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide and the severity of coronary lesions or the importance of risk factors. Thus, collagen metabolism is altered in coronary patients, and this alteration can be detected by a peripheral marker. However, the use of this marker to diagnose the presence or evaluate the course of atherosclerosis requires clarification.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1987 Oct
PMID:[Metabolism of collagen in coronary patients]. 312

Microfistulae between coronary arteries and left ventricle have long been regarded as mere curiosities, but their frequency seems to have been underestimated. A review of 2,520 consecutive coronary arteriographies performed in adults has yielded 34 cases. In most of the 28 patients without infarction or valve disease, the symptoms were suggestive of coronary pathology. Signs of ischaemia were found at electrocardiography in 19 of these 28 patients, and exercise tests or myocardial scintigraphy were positive in 2 out of 3 cases. Patients' mean age was 53.4 years. The coronary arteriographic diagnosis was usually easy when technical conditions were perfect. The division of patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of significant coronary lesions revealed that the "isolated microfistulae" group was primarily composed of women (19/21). It is generally accepted that these fistulae are of embryonic origin, but their relation to atherosclerosis needs to be determined. The causes of ischaemic manifestations (coronary artery steal, global disturbances of myocardial microcirculation) are considered. Treatment is essentially medical, surgery being exceptional. Prognosis is habitually favourable (mean follow-up 28.3 months in our series). Thus, microfistulae between coronary arteries and left ventricle usually present as angina-like symptoms in women in their fifties who are free from atheromatous disease. They are found in more than 1 p. 100 of coronary arteriographies in adults, i.e. 8 p. 100 of "normal" coronary arteriographies. Their origin, the mechanisms of their symptoms and their relationship with the "so-called healthy coronary arteries angina" are obscure.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1988 Mar
PMID:[Left coronaro-ventricular microfistula]. 313 66


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