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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Asia coronary heart disease mortality is almost 10 fold less frequent than in European countries. These findings attract interest to search for different risk factor patterns. From 1982 to 1985 epidemiologic surveys were carried out in China (n = 2047), Japan (n = 7580) and Germany (n = 6052). Healthy, male subjects, aged 30 to 59 years were enrolled. The prevalence rate of hypertension for the Germans was 20% versus 18% for the Japanese, and 11% for the Chinese. About 69% of Chinese, 55% of Japanese, and 37% of Germans were smokers. About 66% of the Germans were overweight (BMI greater than 25), 17% of the Japanese, and 11% of the Chinese. The highest risk group with cholesterol levels of greater than 300 mg/dl included no Chinese subject, 0.1% of the Japanese, but 5% of the Germans. The lipoprotein profiles among the Japanese and the Chinese collectives typically showed antiatherosclerotic characteristics, whereas most Germans exhibited profiles which support development of atherosclerosis. About 36% of the participants from Germany showed 3 or more risk factors accumulated per person (Japan and China 5%). Multifactorial risk factor reduction for Germany is recommended.
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PMID:Differences in the risk factor patterns for coronary heart disease in China, Japan, and Germany. 174

Epidemiologic studies demonstrated an excess risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among individuals who simultaneously exhibit hypertension and elevated atherogenic lipids (coronary high risk (CHR)-status). Yet, relatively little is known about factors which contribute to the development of CHR-status during early and middle adulthood. The present study explores the role of selected biobehavioral and psychosocial factors in explaining CHR-status using data from a prospective 6.5 years investigation of a cohort of 416 middle-aged (40.8 +/- 9.6 years) male blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that overweight (odds ratio (o.r.) 4.14), smoking (o.r. 2.19), low promotion prospects at work (o.r. 2.71), competitiveness at work (o.r. 2.79) and feelings of sustained anger (o.r. 5.41) independently contribute to the explanation of CHR-status. Furthermore, the operational definition of CHR-status is validated by estimating its power in predicting IHD incidence in the study cohort. In conclusion, co-manifestation of hypertension and elevated lipids is more likely to exist among those blue-collar men who exhibit distinct work-related characteristics in addition to established biobehavioral risks such as overweight and smoking. In view of the high prevalence of CHR-status and of IHD among men in the lower socio-economic strata this finding is also of interest for health policy.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Feb
PMID:Psychosocial and biobehavioral characteristics of hypertensive men with elevated atherogenic lipids. 187 14

The relation of age and body mass index (BMI) to atherosclerosis risk factors was examined in 357 men. Older (greater than or equal to 45 years) men had higher (p less than 0.01) systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting cholesterol and glucose, and 1-hour glucose and insulin levels. Fasting insulin and triglyceride levels were not significantly different between the 2 age groups. Although older men (n = 170) had greater values for several risk factors, overweight (BMI greater than 25.5 kg/m2) increased risk factors more in men younger than 45 years (n = 187). In younger men, those with higher BMIs had a greater prevalence, respectively, of blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg (35.2 vs 11.2%, p less than 0.0001), cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl (53.5 vs 29.3%, p less than 0.001), fasting triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dl (38.0 vs 10.3%, p less than 0.0001), 1-hour glucose greater than 160 mg/dl (15.5 vs 5.2%, p less than 0.05), fasting insulin greater than 11 microU/ml (28.2 vs 5.2%, p less than 0.0001), and 1-hour insulin greater than 110 microU/ml (28.2 vs 9.5%, p less than 0.001). In contrast, among older men, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose values was not significantly greater in the subgroup with high BMI. However, elevations of fasting (19.6 vs 6.4%, p less than 0.05) and 1-hour insulin (29.3 vs 11.5%, p less than 0.01) values were more common among older men with higher BMIs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative effects of overweight on cardiovascular risk in younger versus older men. 199 Jul 87

The influence of classical atherosclerosis risk factors (male sex, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, overweight and hypertension on peri-hospital mortality and morbidity were studied in 83 patients (68 men and 15 women) aged 63 +/- 13 years and undergoing peripheral arterial surgery. None of these factors was statistically correlated with peri-operative complications with the exception of hypertension but the correlation was slight (0.5 less than p less than 0.10). In contrast, there was a powerful statistical (p less than 0.0003) link between age and morbidity and mortality associated with this type of surgery.
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PMID:[Influence of the risk factors of atherosclerosis on the onset of early peri-operative complications in peripheral arterial surgery]. 204 30

In 2208 boys aged 15 to 22 years the incidence of risk factors of atherosclerosis were determined. The risk factors were found in 33.7% of boys. The level of risk factors in youth has increased with age (p = 0.001), especially hypertension (p = 0.001) and smoking (p = 0.001). The authors concluded that the most important methods of prevention of atherosclerosis in youth should be: identification of high-risk individuals (overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of CHD and PAD, ischemic postexercise ST segment depression), health education and motivation for change, modification nutritional habits in cases of hyperlipidemia and overweight (prevention of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood), early diagnosis and control of hypertension, practice of low salt intake, avoidance of smoking, sufficient physical activity (prevention of atherosclerotic disease mainly in adulthood).
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PMID:Epidemiology of risk factors of atherosclerosis and preventive program for youth. 221 95

Sugar by itself is not a factor in the etiology of atherosclerosis. It is only in fostering overweight. The reasons for the public discussion of sugar in nutrition are tentatively analyzed.
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PMID:[Atherosclerosis: sugar, weight reduction, trend towards thinness]. 221 49

The Tecumseh project investigates the evolution of hypertension in a healthy population. Of 946 subjects aged 18 through 38 years, 124 had clinic blood pressure readings higher than 140/90 mm Hg (the mean for borderline hypertensive subjects was 130/94 mm Hg). Compared with normotensive subjects, borderline hypertensive subjects had higher home blood pressures (mean, 12/7 mm Hg higher). Their childhood and postpubertal blood pressures were elevated (6/4 mm Hg higher than normal at age 6 years and 12/7 mm Hg higher than normal at age 21 years), and hypertensive target organ changes were detected. Borderline hypertensive subjects also had elevated minimal forearm resistance (0.22 U higher than normal), decreased stroke index (1.8 mL/m2 lower than normal), and impaired ventricular diastolic relaxation (mitral Doppler peak early diastolic blood flow [E] to peak late diastolic blood flow [A] ratio 0.13 lower than normal). Borderline hypertensive subjects had significant abnormalities in other coronary risk factors (cholesterol levels were 0.39 mmol/L higher, triglyceride levels were 0.45 mmol/L higher, high-density lipoprotein levels were 0.08 mmol/L lower, insulin levels were 38 pmol/L higher, and 16.5% more of them were overweight). Borderline hypertension is neither transient nor innocuous. Its association with other predictors of atherosclerosis calls for clinical attention.
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PMID:The association of borderline hypertension with target organ changes and higher coronary risk. Tecumseh Blood Pressure study. 236 31

Lipoprotein (a) is believed to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Fat modified diets or lipid lowering drugs seem to have little effect on Lp(a) serum levels. We tested the possibility of lowering Lp(a) by weight reduction and examined the correlation between Lp(a) serum levels, other lipoproteins, body weight and body fat distribution in 53 obese patients. Weight reduction by a 4000 kJ protein enriched diet for four weeks led to a mean 19 percent reduction of Lp(a) serum levels in men (P less than 0.01) and a mean 30 percent reduction in premenopausal women (P less than 0.001). Significant correlations could neither be demonstrated between Lp(a) and other lipoproteins nor between initial Lp(a), overweight and body fat distribution. This implies that an intraindividual interdependence between Lp(a) and body weight seems to be possible although an interindividual correlation can not be shown.
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PMID:Reduction of lipoprotein (a) by weight loss. 240 85

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B were studied in male subjects with no known risk factor for coronary heart disease. Overweight in this study was associated with higher serum cholesterol concentrations and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. The effects of cigarette smoking on the concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol appear to be prominent in the heavy smoking subjects (p less than 0.010 and p less than 0.050 respectively). A positive association between cigarette smoking and serum triglycerides was found. This work suggests that HDL-cholesterol is the best indicator to discriminate both cigarette smokers or subjects having overweight at risk of developing atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease.
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PMID:[Lipemia and apolipoproteinemia B in overweight, smoking men aged 30 to 55 years]. 260 11

Whereas up to the end of the last century overweight reflected the privilege of the high society and her relative good health, the recent epidemiological studies have assessed the relations between body weight and general or cause specific morbidity and mortality. The major diseases associated with obesity are hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as certain types of cancer. Less well known complications include hepatic steatosis, gallbladder diseases, pulmonary function impairment, endocrine abnormalities, obstetric complications, trauma to the weight bearing joints, gout, cutaneous diseases, proteinuria, increased hemoglobin concentration and possibly immunologic impairments. From these wide epidemiological studies arise the definition of obesity: with an excess of 20% beyond the desirable weight, the complications bound to the overweight become statistically more frequent. Over there a U or J shaped curve illustrates the relation between the overweight and the degree of these various complications. An excess of 45 kg or more represents the critical level which defined "morbid obesity" with its own complications, the most important are sudden unexplained death, ventilatory disorders, circulatory congestion and functional limitations in activities of daily living and of course psychological consequences. When for certain complications, such as diabetes, the relationship with the overweight is evident, discrepancies between certain studies, especially for the cardiovascular diseases, had focused the attention on the regional patterns of fat distribution. Cross-sectional studies have shown abdominal obesity to be strongly associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, stroke and death independent of the total degree of obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The contribution of epidemiology to the definition of obesity and its risk factors]. 266 68


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