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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological aspects of obesity have been the object of few studies in Italy, and the results of these are reviewed and compared with those obtained in other developed countries. The prevalence of obesity has been investigated in pre-school and school-age children, in young conscripts and in workers at the Riuniti Hospital in Parma, and the results show that the problem of obesity in Italy is a serious one. More than 2000 obese subjects, attending the First Medical Clinic of Parma University, have been studied to establish how far overweight is responsible for pathological and disabling complications. Obesity was implicated as a major contributing factor in diabeties, atherosclerosis, hypertension, arthritis and many other disabling diseases. The social aspects of the problems of obesity are discussed, together with possible preventive and curative measures.
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects and social importance of obesity. The situation in Italy compared with other developed countries. 61 31

A study of the risk factors in atherosclerosis carried out in 595 subjects over a period of 10 years showed an increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, of high serum cholesterol values and of overweight in 1970 as compared to 1960. This rise was significant for all the parameters studied and was particularly evident in serum cholesterol values and overweight, beginning with the 21 to 30 age decade. The frequency of subjects with risk factors increased with age. During the period of study there occurred certain changes within the population such as an increase in the total consumption of calories and in the lipid contents of the food, as well as of the cultural level of the population. The authors show that the increase in the number of subjects with risk factors and the natural history of the various diseases or disturbances depend on the changes of living conditions and of environment.
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PMID:Long-term study of the risk factors in atherosclerosis. 94 91

Atherosclerosis risk factor, 8,5% two, 2,7% three and 0,6% four.rs have been investigated in 194 males and 135 female, 25 years old. Elevated lipids were found in 7,3% of the sample; "labile" and stable hypertension in 2,7%; diabetes mellitus in 2,7% and overweight in 19%. 19% of the subjects smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. Prevalence of hyperlipemia and electrocardiographic changes was higher among people in the lower socioeconomic classes. Taking into consideration hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, overweight and diabetes mellitus as risk factors, 25% exhibited one risk factor, 8.5% two, 2.7% three and 0.6% four.
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PMID:[Studies on the risk factors of arteriosclerosis in a health district region of Lombardy]. 100 70

Preparative ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analysis of serum lipoproteins was performed in 30-70-year-old healthy, fasting males (N = 80) and females (N = 77), randomly selected from the Uppsala region, Sweden. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in total serum and in VLDL,LDL and HDL lipoprotein classes are reported. Total serum, VLDL and LDL triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations increased with age, while HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations did not vary with age. Overweight persons had higher total serum triglyceride, higher VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels. The upper 90% population limit values for non-overweight males/females were: total triglycerides (mmol/l) 2.5/2.0, total cholesterol (mg/100 ml) 298/300, VLDL triglyceride 1.80/1.05, VLDL-cholesterol 32/33, LDL triglyceride 0.69/0.69, LDL cholesterol 210/218, HDL triglyceride 0.32/0.34 and HDL-cholesterol 69/93. The 2 major differences between males and females were that females had lower VLDL but higher HDL concentrations. For VLDL there was a very strong and for LDL a moderately strong positive correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride contents. In HDL however, the mearsured amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides did not correlate at all. Sinking pre-beta lipoproteins was found in about 25% of cases and a second pre-beta band floating at d 1.006, late pre-beta, was found in 35% of male and 25% of female subjects. Subjects with sinking pre-beta lipoprotein did not differ from other subjects with regard to the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the 3 lipoprotein classes. Males, but not females, with the late pre-beta (LPB), had an increased amount of cholesterol in VLDL and a raised cholesterol-triglyceride ratio in this lipoprotein class. Also the LDL triglyceride level was increased in males with the late pre-beta lipoprotein.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Quantitative and qualitative serum lipoprotein analysis. Part 1. Studies in healthy men and women. 114 35

The relationship between body-build factors and the severity of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was estimated in a series of 193 men, aged 25 years or over, who had died of violent causes. Overweight showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks but not with the extent of coronary or aortic raised lesions or calcifications. The stenosis score, which expressed the degree of obstruction in the coronary arterial tree, showed a slight tendency to a positive correlation with the degree of obesity but the finding was not consistent. Nor correlation was found between the sturdiness factor of body-build and the severity of atherosclerosis. The muscularity factor showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks and an inverse correlation with aortic calcifcations.
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PMID:Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in relation to body-build factors. 121 55

The insulin response to an oral glucose load (100 gm.) in 127 patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) (six months to one year) and in 65 patients with surgically treated or arteriographically identified peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was compared with that of 89 controls after matching the three collectives for age, glucose tolerance, and per cent ideal body weight (% IBW). The insulin response was of greater magnitude in MI and PVD groups than in respective control groups also in the absence of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. This finding suggests that hyperinsulinism may represent an early metabolic alteration associated with the development of MI and PVD. The insulin secretion pattern was prevalently of the delayed type in association with impaired glucose tolerance and with hypertriglyceridemia but not with overweight. Correlations between serum insulin, triglyceride (TG) levels, and % IBW were also investigated. We found a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between stimulated insulin levels and % IBW in MI patients and none in PVD patients; conversely, the correlation between serum insulin and TG levels was very high (p less than 0.001) in PVD patients and only weak (p less than 0.05) in MI patients. No correlation was found between cholesterol (CH) levels and any of the other parameters studied. According to these results, it seems likely that hyperinsulinism plays a major role as a closely associated factor to obesity in those subjects who develop an MI, whereas in PVD patients the raised insulin levels may favor lipid accumulation in the arterial intima and accelerate the progress of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Insulin response to oral glucose in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Hyperinsulinism and its relationships to hypertriglyceridemia and overweight. 127 7

There were examined 222 men and 253 women over 18 years of age, selected at random from among country people living in the area of the nascent Coal Basin of Lublin district. There was determined their height and body weight, degree of overweight, general fat content in the body, arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as blood serum cholesterol concentration, concentration of triglicerides, glucose and uric acid in the blood. It was found out that the level of studied vascular atherosclerosis risk factors in the population under study was lower than the level found by the Polish Experiment in other populations.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis risk factors in the inhabitants of the nascent Coal Basin of Lublin region. 134 29

Untreated hypertension in age groups below 60 years has been shown to be associated with significant elevations in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Drug therapy of hypertension has also been shown to have adverse effects on lipoproteins. We have investigated lipid and lipoprotein levels in a community-based sample of men and women 60 years and older belonging to one of the following groupings: (a) normal blood pressure (n = 1075); (b) untreated hypertension (n = 329); (c) drug-treated hypertension (n = 880). Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein or plasma glucose levels did not vary significantly between untreated hypertensives and normotensives of either sex. In a multiple regression model controlling for possible influences of age, overweight, alcohol and tobacco usage, and presence of coronary heart disease, anti-hypertensive drug therapy significantly predicted increased serum triglycerides (P less than 0.001) and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P less than 0.01) in both sexes, reduced apolipoprotein A-I levels in males (P less than 0.001), and increased apolipoprotein B (P less than 0.01) and plasma glucose levels (P less than 0.001) in females. Adjusted triglycerides were 20% higher and HDL cholesterol was 7% lower in the presence of anti-hypertensive drug therapy. These effects were partially consistent with the known actions of thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers which were used by more than 50% and 40% of subjects, respectively.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Jan
PMID:Dubbo Study of the elderly: hypertension and lipid levels. 134 82

The primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and, therefore, the therapy of hyperlipidemia is essential in strategies to lower morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), the most relevant atherosclerosis-associated disease. These programs imply not only a medical but also an economic challenge to our health system. That is why all therapeutic measures have to be evaluated regarding their cost-effectiveness. A cost-effectiveness profile was calculated for all the therapies of hyperlipidemia (nutritional therapy, dietetic nutritionals, drugs and LDL-apheresis) with respect to the following parameters: total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The daily costs of all interventional measures are compared to the success rate, whereby an index of daily therapy costs and 1% change per lipid parameter was calculated. Nutritional therapy is by far the cheapest, and LDL-apheresis the most expensive but also the most effective and reliable therapeutic measure. It has to be considered, however, that dietary intervention can be very successful in overnutrition while in rare cases of severe homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia there is no therapeutic alternative to LDL-apheresis. Life-style modifications, such as changing nutritional habits, may contribute towards reducing or removing one or more risk factor(s) (e.g. malnutrition is associated with overweight, hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), hyperinsulinemia (syndrome X), hyperfibrinogenemia and hypertension). But neither health politicians nor the population seem to be conscious of the fact that life-style changes help to reduce medical expenditure. Considering the fact that nearly every medical service is getting more and more expensive, the need to introduce financial regulations is evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Economic aspects of therapy for lipid metabolism disorders]. 150 39

As hypertension advances, secondary pathophysiologic changes are induced in multiple organs. Consequently, we investigated the pathophysiology of the earliest forms of hypertension--e.g., borderline hypertension. Borderline hypertension is associated with abnormal autonomic control of the circulation; sympathetic drive to the heart, blood vessels, and kidney is increased, cardiac parasympathetic inhibition is decreased, and plasma norepinephrine is increased. The hemodynamic picture is one of increased cardiac output not met by adequate vasodilation. The condition of "hyperkinetic" borderline hypertension is a precursor of more severe hypertension. In due course, a transition from high cardiac output to high vascular resistance occurs, while the enhanced sympathetic tone recedes toward normal values. The mechanism of hemodynamic transition is easily understood: cardiac output decreases due to structural changes and receptor downregulation, whereas ensuing vascular hypertrophy increases vascular resistance. The apparent regression of plasma norepinephrine values is explained in the framework of our hypothesis of the "blood pressure-seeking properties of the central nervous system." Large body mass and overweight are a consistent feature of borderline hypertension. A recent study in Tecumseh, Michigan shows that weight, plasma norepinephrine, a hyperkinetic state, and plasma insulin values are correlated in the general population. The explanation of this interrelationship will greatly advance our understanding of hypertension. From the pathophysiological viewpoint, the paradoxical outcome of clinical trials involving older antihypertensive medication is not surprising. The complexity of pathophysiologic interrelationships and the fact that risk factors for atherosclerosis are increased in hypertension suggest that reduction of blood pressure cannot be expected to ameliorate all consequences of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemodynamic and neurohumoral evidence of multifaceted pathophysiology in human hypertension. 169 32


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