Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aneurysms arising from the extracranial carotid arteries are uncommon lesions. Clinically, they may present as lateral masses in the superior cervical area, as medial masses in the tonsillar fossa or parapharyngeal region, or as a mass palpable in both areas. Tenderness or pain may or may not be present. Pulsation is usually detectable. Embolic neurological episodes are a common event leading to discovery of these lesions. Etiologies include trauma, atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, infection, and congenital predisposing factors. We report the CT appearance of this condition in three patients. In all three patients (four aneurysms) the CT findings were characteristic. Thus far, we have discovered only one account in the English literature that included the CT demonstration of an extracranial carotid aneurysm.
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PMID:CT demonstration of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms. 370 Jul 40

Unexpected anatomical and clinical features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be encountered by the vascular surgeon creating technical problems that increase the normally low mortality rates of this affection. One such variant is the so called inflammatory aneurysm (IA) as a characteristic fibrosis involving the arterial wall and thus surrounding structure scan be observed. In our series of 525 patients affected by AAA the incidence of IA was about 4% (19 cases). Two groups of patients were considered: group A, including all the atherosclerotic patients, and group B 19 patients affected by IA. The latter group referred to a typical painful symptomatology in 84% of the cases: this element is of interest as only 20% of the cases of group A complained of pain. No other significant clinical or laboratory data were recorded which could allow the surgeon to perform a pre-operative differential diagnosis. In all 19 cases that underwent surgical treatment there was a 2-3 cm thick aneurysmal wall with a shiny white surface adhering to the IV portion of the duodenum, vena cava and iliac vessels and in some cases to the ureters. Histological examination of specimens of the aortic wall showed evident signs of atherosclerosis of the media and marked fibrotic thickening of the adventitia with the presence of lymphocyte aggregates: a sign of chronic inflammation. As what concerns indications and surgical treatment, there are no substantial differences. Pre-operative differential diagnosis can be made with CAT scan and ultrasound and the usual operative manoeuvres of aneurysmorrhaphy should be modified.
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PMID:Clinical and therapeutical evaluation of inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. 373 16

A case of recurrent postprandial amaurosis fugax (AF) associated with periorbital pain is described. Clinical and angiographic examination revealed moderate atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels and narrow-angle glaucoma. Cerebral postprandial hypoperfusion combined with increased intraocular pressure probably precipitated the painful monocular blindness. The attacks of AF subsided partially after treatment of the glaucoma.
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PMID:Postprandial transient painful amaurosis fugax. 374 61

Many epidemiological studies have shown up the frequent association of arterial hypertension (HT) with atherosclerosis of different localizations. However, many of the drugs used to treat HT are contraindicated in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), because they cause unfavorable metabolic changes or vasoconstriction. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a proven hypotensive drug, captopril, on the peripheral circulation. The drug appeared to be effective in improving blood flow to lower limbs, prolonging the pain. Free interval and increasing the angle/arm arterial pressure index.
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PMID:Captopril for the treatment of patients with hypertension and peripheral vascular disease. 389 45

A case of syphilitic aortitis with total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta without aneurysmal dilatation is presented. Incapacitating claudication of both legs together with pain at rest necessitated an aortobifemoral bypass operation, which resulted in complete relief of symptoms. Histological examination of the aorta showed atherosclerosis together with characteristic perivascular lymphocytic infiltration of the aortic vasa vasorum.
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PMID:Syphilitic aortitis. A case report. 399 6

Pentoxifylline was used in the treatment of 90 patients with atherosclerosis-induced chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease and diabetic vascular disorders in the lower extremities (clinical Fontaine Stages III and IV) for whom surgical reconstructive treatment was not indicated and who had shown inadequate response to previous therapy. In 20 initially hospitalized patients, treatment was started with pentoxifylline intravenous infusions for 1 week (increased gradually from 500 mg to 1000 mg per day) and afterwards continued for a further 8 weeks by oral administration of the drug (400 mg 3-times daily). In 70 patients, oral treatment (400 mg 2 to 3-times daily) was carried out from the beginning for 3 to 6 months or longer. The majority (74%) of the patients showed good or very good results in respect of the clinical parameters. Pentoxifylline abolished or decreased rest pain and consumption of analgesic drugs, accelerated healing of leg ulcers, produced a statistically significant increase in mean pain-free walking distance (approximately 500%) and reduced concomitant symptoms. Definite improvement was achieved in 16 patients with initial intravenous treatment and in 62 patients on oral therapy alone. Haemodynamic measurements, as well as whole blood viscosity assessment using a middle and high shear rate viscosimeter, revealed only small and insignificant improvements. No essential changes could be found in the chemical blood parameters studied.
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PMID:Clinical investigation of the effects of pentoxifylline in patients with severe peripheral occlusive vascular disease. 405 74

The effect of ceruletide (CRL), a synthetic decapeptide analogue of cholecystokinin, on rest pain and arterial blood flow was evaluated in 8 patients with advanced, occlusive atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. CRL 1, 2, or 4 ng kg-1 or placebo were infused intravenously in random order, and in a double-blind fashion. Pain relief, assessed by a scoring system, was significantly better (p less than 0.01) following the 2 and 4 ng kg-1 doses of CRL (2.71 and 2.66, respectively) than following placebo (0.75). Arterial blood flow was not affected by either CRL in any dose or by placebo. Pretreatment with naloxone, a pure opioid antagonist, abolished the analgesic effect of CRL. Following the 2 ng dose of CRL, beta-endorphin levels were significantly elevated from a basal value of 125 +/- 15 pg/ml to 191 +/- 35 pg/ml 5 h after CRL administration (p less than 0.05). Circulating levels of ACTH, prolactin and GH were not affected by CRL. It is concluded that CRL was effective in relieving ischaemic rest pain, and that the mechanism was related to the release of endogenous opioids.
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PMID:Effect of ceruletide on rest pain in patients with arterial insufficiency of the lower extremity. 629 Feb 28

Thirty patients with ischaemic ulceration or rest pain due to lower limb atherosclerosis were treated with intravenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or placebo in a prospective double-blind controlled trial. There was no significant improvement of rest pain, nor was PGE1 effective in promoting ulcer healing. This study provides no support for the use of intravenous PGE1 in the treatment of end-stage lower limb atherosclerotic disease.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E1 in severe lower limb ischaemia: a double-blind controlled trial. 637 99

Three hundred and fifty-seven digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed in 184 neurosurgical patients by intraarterial injection. Examinations consisted of 192 carotid angiography, 110 vertebral angiography, 23 aortography, 11 spinal angiography and 21 other angiography. In all examinations, visualization of the vessels was excellent and the complications were never experienced. High contrast sensitivity of DSA resulted in better visualization of tumor stains, phlebogram, and arteries in cerebral arteriovenous malformations with large shunt blood flow than conventional angiography. Selective catheterization into each cerebral arteries was not necessarily demanded for good opacification of the vessels because of high sensitivity. High contrast sensitivity also permitted low concentration of contrast material, small dose of contrast material, and slow injection rate. Low concentration of contrast material reduced pain and heat during injection especially in the external carotid and vertebral angiography. Using slow injection, recoiling of catheter into the aorta was reduced, so that injection from the innominate and subclavian arteries for visualization of origin of the cerebral arteries were always successful. Full study of cerebral arteries by Seldinger's method, if necessary, was easily achieved using DSA even in patient with high age or with severe atherosclerosis. Bolus injection of small dose of contrast material as well as serial imaging was helpful in evaluating hemodynamics in the lesion. Real time display of DSA reduced the time required for angiography and was very convenient for artificial embolization. Besides these advantages, DSA became comparable to conventional angiography in special resolution by use of intraarterial injection and could be a preoperative genuine examination as well as a screening method.
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PMID:[Digital subtraction angiography of the cerebral vessels by intraarterial injection]. 639 18

Chronic intestinal ischemia is rare because of the great capacity to form abundant collaterals. The experience with ten patients is discussed and the literature is reviewed. Diagnosis is easily missed because of the lack of specific symptoms. All but one of the patients showed the classical triad (postprandial pain, weight loss, epigastric bruit). The diagnostic value of endoscopy based on remarkable ischemic mucosal findings is stressed. These findings have not been described before. Most of the patients suffered from generalized atherosclerosis and therefore had a high operative risk. There was a considerable postoperative morbidity, but no postoperative mortality. In all patients long-term results were satisfactory. Vascular reconstruction is strictly indicated in case of intestinal angina, not only to diminish severe complaints, but also to prevent acute ischemic infarction. In our opinion there is no indication for prophylactic surgery in case of asymptomatic arterial stenosis or occlusion.
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PMID:Vascular reconstruction in intestinal angina. 652 35


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