Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An operative case of 12-year-old boy with a saccular aneurysm at the anterior communicating artery was reported. He had episodes of occasional headache during one year before admission. He was attacked by a severe headache associated with nausea and vomiting, and was admitted to Ooita Pref. Hospital under the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage four days later. On admission physical examinations revealed almost normal findings except for moderate dehydration and a blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg. Routine examinations (blood, serum including total cholesterol, urine, ECG and plain chest X-film) were normal. Neurologically there were lethalgic state, moderate nuchal rigidity and bilateral abducens paresis. Slightly hemorrhagic and xanthochromic CSF was demonstrated by a spinal puncture. An aneurysm was found at the anterior communicating artery on the right carotid arteriogram. The left carotid and the left vertebral arteriograms showed no pathologic findings. Operation via right fronto-temporal approach disclosed a berry aneurysm about 4 mm in diameter arising from the bifurcation of the right anterior cerebral and the anterior communicating artery. There was a plaque presumably an atherosclerotic change at the neck of the aneurysm. Clipping of the aneurysmal neck was done. The aneurysm was not visualized on the postoperative arteriogram, and the patient was discharged in good condition two weeks after the operation. It is true that this patient had a lesion which seemed to be an atherosclerotic plaque at the neck of the aneurysm macroscopically, but he did not have any evidence of generalized atherosclerosis or other metabolic disturbance. This plaque may be of special significance in etiological respect. In general, however, degenerative lesions like atherosclerosis occur predominantly in larger arteries than smaller arteries of the brain. Also the location of this aneurysm was at the anterior communicating artery which is reported to be implicated in anomalous vascularity on occasion. From these facts the authors considered combined congenital and acquired factors in the development of this aneurysm.
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PMID:[Intracranial aneurysm in a child--a case report and some considerations on etiology (author's transl)]. 94 72

Niacin has beneficial effects on plasma lipoproteins and has demonstrated clinical benefits in reducing cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis progression. The side effects of niacin, however, have limited its use in general clinical practice. An understanding of cutaneous flushing based on the best available evidence should enhance patient education efforts and improve adherence. Although serious hepatic toxicity from niacin administration has been reported, it is largely confined to the use of slow-release formulations given as unregulated nutritional supplements. Niacin has been shown to induce insulin resistance in short-term trials, but the glycemic response in subjects with and without diabetes is usually minor. Niacin can be used safely in patients with diabetes. Despite a few case reports of myopathy associated with niacin-statin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) combination therapy, 2 decades of clinical evidence since the introduction of statins do not support a general myopathic effect of niacin either alone or in combination with statins. Rare, less well-defined side effects of niacin include blurred vision due to cystoid macular edema, nausea and vomiting, and the exacerbation of peptic ulcers. Laboratory abnormalities that are usually small (< or =10%) and clinically unimportant include increased prothrombin time, increased uric acid, and decreases in platelet count and serum phosphorus. Overall, the perception of niacin side effects is often greater than the reality. As a result, a valuable medication for cardiovascular risk is underused.
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PMID:Safety considerations with niacin therapy. 1736 76

Cocaine-mediated tissue injury is well established, particularly myocardial ischemia and infarction. Gastrointestinal complications including mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis and intestinal perforation occur less frequently. Cocaine-induced visceral arterial thrombosis is a rare finding. We report a case of a 49-year-old chronic cocaine user with superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis. The patient presented with a 24-h history of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Physical examination documented tachycardia and a soft, non-rigid abdomen with voluntary guarding. Abdominal X-ray did not show any evidence of peritoneal free air or bowel obstruction. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated white blood cells and a high anion gap; a blood gas analysis was not done. Three hours after initial presentation, the patient had a cardiac arrest and died. At autopsy, the jejunum was ischemic, without obvious infarction. The SMA was occluded at its origin by significant atherosclerosis with superimposed thrombus. The myocardium had fibrosis, without acute infarction, and severe triple coronary artery atherosclerosis. Toxicological blood analysis confirmed cocaine use. This report emphasizes the need to consider chronic stimulant drug abuse in accelerated atheroma and thrombosis of visceral arteries.
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PMID:Sudden death from superior mesenteric artery thrombosis in a cocaine user. 2159 Apr 56

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Obstetrician-gynecologists often are the sole health care providers for otherwise healthy women. Therefore, they must be aware of risk factors, signs, and symptoms of cardiovascular disease and be prepared to recognize and treat this condition in patients as well as provide referrals when specialized care is indicated. Women with cardiac problems typically present with chest discomfort; however, they also are more likely than healthy women to present with other common symptoms, such as shortness of breath, back pain, jaw pain, or nausea and vomiting. This monograph, with a primary focus on ischemic heart disease (IHD), discusses the basic anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries; vascular biology; pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; and the screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of IHD as well as the multiple risk factors associated with the development of IHD that contribute to both increased morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Clinical Updates in Women's Health Care Summary: Ischemic Heart Disease: Primary and Preventive Care Review. 2906 69

Acute renal infarction usually occurs in patients with severe atherosclerosis or valvular heart disease. We here report a 42-year Saudi male who presented with severe abdominal pain nausea and vomiting associated with hematuria, after heavy smoking of marijuana. Computed tomography abdomen revealed bilateral renal infarction. Serum anti phospholipids antibody and anti-cardio lipid antibody were positive. To the best of our knowledge, the association between marijuana and secondary lupus anticoagulant-induced renal infarction has not been reported previously.
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PMID:Acute renal infarction induced by heavy marijuana smoking. 3015 37