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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of the immune and fibrinolytic systems of the body in 216 patients with different clinical forms of atherosclerosis (exertion and rest stenocardia, arrhythmias, atherosclerotic hypertension), chronic obstructive bronchitis revealed that the antiatherogenous effect of chronic obstructive bronchitis is predetermined on the one side by an increased function of the monocytic-macrophagal link of immunity and on the other by activation of the fibrinolysis system.
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PMID:[The role of the immune and fibrinolytic systems in the inhibition of atherogenesis in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. 144 83

The relation between plasma lipid peroxide and coronary heart disease was investigated at Harapan Hospital in Kita Jakarta. Ninety-eight patients (83 males and 15 females), below 75 years old were included in the study. The samples consisted of 47 cases with angina and 22 cases with myocardial infarction which were proven to suffer from coronary atherosclerosis by the presence of clinical symptoms, ECG abnormalities, angiography and myocardial enzyme measurement. Controls were patients who did not show any abnormalities in the parameters used. Controls and patients were classified into several groups based on the presence or absence of risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, family history). The results of the study showed that plasma lipid peroxide in patients with angina and myocardial infarction which were 3.26 +/- 1.07 mumol and 3.20 +/- 0.82 mumol/l, respectively, were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than controls 2.50 +/- 0.45 mumol/l. There was no differences in total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride contents between control and patients with coronary heart disease; whereas HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in the patients with angina, 38.7 +/- 10.5 mg/dl vs 31.5 +/- 6.76 mg/dl in patients with myocardial infarction. Univariate analysis of various risk factors revealed a strong correlation between plasma lipid peroxide and the chance in developing coronary heart disease. The present study showed that plasma lipid peroxide was increased in coronary heart disease and that it might be used as a determinant in the assessment of the severity of the disease. An investigation on the effects of antioxidants in these patients is planned.
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PMID:Plasma lipid peroxides in coronary heart disease. 150 21

The study of the fibrinolytic system and the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 in 75 patients with various cardial manifestations of atherosclerosis (angina of effort, angina decubitus, arrhythmia, symptomatic hypertension) revealed a decrease in the activity of plasminogen--a blood activator--in patients with angina of effort, angina decubitus and cardiac arrhythmias. In those with atherosclerotic hypertension the activatory activity was in the normal limits. A decrease in the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 was noted in all those examined.
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PMID:[Fibrinolysis, interleukins and coronary atherosclerosis]. 150 14

The activity of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), its rapid inhibitor (TPAL), C protein (Cp), plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, antithrombin III was evaluated and the levels of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen (F) were measured in 51 males with persistent coronary heart disease (CHD) and 16 without coronary atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis of other sites, which were matched for age and CHD risk factors. The patients were found to have elevated TRAI levels (17.3 +/- 1.2 IU/ml versus 12.2 +/- 2.2 IU/ml in the controls; p less than 0.05), increased TPA release (75.5 +/- 9.2 IU/ml versus 47.5 +/- 7.9 IU/ml in the controls; p less than 0.03) in response to venous occlusion, and lower Cp levels (-7.7 +/- 2.5%; p less than 0.01). The level of F correlated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The patients with primary angina pectoris displayed higher TPA release than did those with chronic CHD. The presented facts are associated with overt changes occurring in the response of the endothelium in the patients, primarily, in early CHD.
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PMID:[Tissue plasminogen activator, its inhibitor and other factors of the blood fibrinolytic system in stable coronary heart disease]. 152 46

During the past decade, it has become clear that the vascular endothelium critically influences vascular permeability, controls vessel growth, modulates hemostasis, and regulates vasomotion. This latter role of the endothelium is mediated by the liberation of a number of potent vasoactive compounds, including endothelium-derived relaxing factors, one of which is either nitric oxide or a compound that releases nitric oxide, vasoactive prostaglandins, hyperpolarizing factors, and a number of constricting factors. This role of the endothelium is dramatically altered by several diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Abnormalities of endothelial regulation of vascular tone may contribute to a number of clinical syndromes, including variant angina, unstable angina, syndrome X, and perhaps many others. In this review, several aspects of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor will be considered, including recent concepts regarding its synthesis, its chemical identity, and alterations in atherosclerosis. Finally, its action in the coronary microcirculation as contrasted to that of nitroglycerin will be considered.
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PMID:Normal and pathophysiologic considerations of endothelial regulation of vascular tone and their relevance to nitrate therapy. 152 21

A 57-year-old man developed anginalike chest pain for the first time but there was no objective evidence of an infarct (i.e., EKG and serum enzymes were normal). After 12 days the pain increased, but EKG and serum enzymes remained normal ("preinfarct," crescendo, unstable, or accelerated angina). At this time a cardiac catheterization showed 90% occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. On the 17th day after the onset of pain, severe pain recurred together with an abnormal EKG and the patient was taken immediately to the laboratory where a total occlusion of the LAD was now found and he was treated with intracoronary streptokinase. The artery remained open for only a short time, and balloon angioplasty was performed. However, the patient died 12 hours after onset of the last episode of severe pain. A very early acute myocardial infarct was diagnosed at autopsy together with severe coronary atherosclerosis especially of the LAD which had disruption of atherosclerotic plaques and microscopic evidence of embolization.
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PMID:Very early acute myocardial infarct treated with streptokinase and balloon angioplasty. 153 26

Serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) has been associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. Its association with restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has not been previously studied. Serum levels of Lp(a), in addition to other lipoproteins, and their components using standard assays, were determined in subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization within 10 months after PTCA. Clinical (e.g., sex, diabetes, angina class) and angiographic (e.g., PTCA percent diameter reduction) factors were not different between the group without (diameter reduction less than 50%; group A) and the group with (diameter reduction greater than or equal to 50%; Group B) restenosis. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B and Lp(a) were compared. Univariate predictors of restenosis were serum triglycerides (2.50 +/- 1.07 mmol/liter for group A vs 1.72 +/- 0.79 +/- mmol/litre for group B, p = 0.008), and Lp(a) (median: 7.0 mg/dl [range 0 to 44] for group A vs 19 mg/dl [range 1 to 120] for group B; p = 0.006). Stepwise logistic regression revealed the only significant independent predictor of restenosis to be serum Lp(a) (p = 0.018). Each quintile of Lp(a) was associated with a progressively higher risk of restenosis, with the highest quintile (40 to 120 mg/dl) having an odds ratio of 11 (95% confidence interval 9 to 13) compared with the lowest quintile (0 to 3.9 mg/dl) (p = 0.033). A serum Lp(a) of greater than 19 mg/dl was associated with an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% confidence interval 4.6 to 7.2) (restenosis rates of 58% in the group with 0 to 19 mg/dl and 89% in the group with 19 to 120 mg/dl; p = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of serum lipoprotein (a) as a predictor of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. 144 34

We believe that General Robert E. Lee had ischemic heart disease. It is our opinion that he sustained a heart attack in 1863 and that this illness had a major influence on the battle of Gettysburg. Lee experienced relatively good health from 1864 to 1867, but by 1869 he had exertional angina and by the spring of 1870 had intermittent rest angina. Although his symptoms were typical of angina, his physicians consistently diagnosed pericarditis, which we believe was erroneous. This misdiagnosis can be explained by the lack of familiarity of American physicians with angina during the 19th Century. It often was stated that the loss of the war broke the heart of Lee, but in view of our modern day understanding, it probably is more accurate to say that advancing coronary atherosclerosis was the culprit.
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PMID:The cardiac illness of General Robert E. Lee. 154 42

These specialized tracings illustrate several important patterns of coronary blood flow velocity that may occur in patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Recent advances in catheter methodologies permit easy measurement of coronary blood flow during routine coronary angiography. At the current time, measurement of coronary blood flow velocity remains a research technique but is of continuing interest in clinical syndromes of atypical angina, myocardial hypertrophy and infarction, early transplant rejection, or premature (subangiographic) atherosclerosis in some patients. A later hemodynamic rounds will examine the effects of coronary blood flow velocity and various hyperemic stimuli to assess coronary vasodilatory reserve.
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PMID:Interpretation of cardiac pathophysiology from pressure waveform analysis: coronary hemodynamics. Part II: Patterns of coronary flow velocity. 154 59

To investigate the significance of precordial ST-segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction, we compared the Gensini score of coronary artery stenosis between 2 groups of patients with and without precordial ST-segment depression. Group I consisted of 28 patients who showed ST-segment depression on admission (greater than or equal to 1 mm in V2-V6) and Group II (n = 16) those without ST-segment depression (less than 1 mm). The Gensini score of the coronary arteries (56 +/- 29 vs. 28 +/- 18; p less than 0.001), the partial score of the infarction-related artery (29 +/- 16 vs. 17 +/- 11; p less than 0.01) and of the infarction-nonrelated artery (27 +/- 24 vs. 11 +/- 12; p less than 0.02) were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II. The Killip score (greater than or equal to II) (34% vs. 6%; p less than 0.05), frequency of arrhythmias (75% vs. 38%; p less than 0.02) and peak CK value (3,676 +/- 2,290 vs. 1,818 +/- 1,153 IU/L; p less than 0.005) were higher in Group I than in Group II. Four patients in Group I died following admission, while no patient died in Group II (N.S.). Autopsy findings from the 4 Group I patients revealed fresh extensive inferior infarction and healed diffuse subendocardial infarction which could not be predicted from electrocardiograms. All patients who survived the acute stage performed treadmill exercise testing and 22 patients underwent exercise thallium-201 single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). On treadmill exercise test, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the frequency of angina pectoris and ST-segment depression. On SPECT, the perfusion defect area under 55% of maximum uptake at the redistribution phase was 45.8 +/- 19.6 cm2 in Group I (n = 14) and 34.7 +/- 21.3 cm2 in Group II (n = 8; N.S.). In conclusion, precordial ST-segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction suggested advanced atherosclerosis in both the infarction-related and nonrelated coronary arteries, indicating a larger infarct size.
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PMID:Higher Gensini score of coronary arteries in acute inferior myocardial infarction with precordial ST-segment depression. 157 78


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