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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of plasma proteins of different molecular weights were measured in layers across the human aortic wall. On a volumetric basis the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in inner intima, adjacent to the endothelium, was almost twice the concentration in the patient's plasma. With the exception of transferrin, which behaved anomalously, the concentration of each protein was a linear function of is plasma concentration and molecular weight, so that the relative retention of albumin was only 15% of LDL retention and its concentration in inner intima less than one-quarter of the plasma concentration. Between the inner (luminal) and outer layers of intima the concentration of all proteins decreased by about 40%. In aortas in which the internal elastic lamina (IEL) appeared to be intact it provided an almost total barrier to LDL, but for smaller proteins the concentrations in the layer immediately outside it were inversely related to molecular weight; the concentration of LDL was only 0.3% of the intimal concentration whereas albumin was 26% of the intimal concentration. However, in aortas in which the IEL appeared morphologically frayed, fragmented or discontinuous there was an 80% increase in albumin, and a 25-fold increase in LDL in this layer. The differential barrier functions of endothelium and IEL produce bizarrely different macromolecular environments for smooth muscle cells in intima and media.
Atherosclerosis 1980 Dec
PMID:Distribution of plasma proteins across the human aortic wall--barrier functions of endothelium and internal elastic lamina. 616 19

The nature of proteins occluded in the mineralized matrix of calcified areas of atherosclerotic human aortic tissue has been investigated. In spite of their reported presence in atherosclerotic lesions, neither plasma lipoproteins, immunoglobulin G or fibrinogen could be detected among the proteins specifically trapped in the mineralized matrix and released by decalcification. However, human serum albumin was present in the decalcifying extract in a persistent complex with a more acidic protein component. Also present in the decalcifying extract was an acidic protein component with a molecular weight between 6000 and 10000 which contained both serine phosphate and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. This component closely resembled in amino acid composition the non-albumin moiety of the serum albumin complex, suggesting that this low molecular weight, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein component was present in the calcified matrix both in the free form and in association with human serum albumin.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Jan
PMID:Characterization of proteins from the calcified matrix of atherosclerotic human aorta. 634 Jul 2

Modifications of plasma lipoprotein structure and function resulting from in vivo post-translational nonenzymatic glycosylation may play a role in the premature atherosclerosis of patients with diabetes mellitus. This report describes the generation and characterization of six unique murine monoclonal antibodies that bind glucosylated human plasma lipoproteins, but do not react with normal plasma lipoproteins. This was accomplished by immunizing mice with homologous glucosylated low density lipoprotein. In competitive inhibition radioimmunoassays, the dominant epitope recognized by these antibodies on glucosylated low density lipoprotein was identified as glucitollysine, the reduced hexose alcohol form of glucose conjugated to the epsilon amino group of lysine. Each of these antibodies was capable of identifying glucitollysine epitopes on all reduced glucosylated proteins studied, including high density lipoprotein, albumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin. These antibodies were also capable of identifying and quantitating glucitollysine residues on the total plasma proteins and isolated lipoproteins of normal and diabetic individuals after reduction of the proteins with NaBH4. Preliminary data suggest that diabetic total plasma proteins and isolated lipoproteins contain at least threefold more immunochemically detectable glucitollysine residues than nondiabetic plasma proteins and lipoproteins. The technique described in this report should allow production of region-specific antibodies to any immunogenic modification of a protein.
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PMID:A novel method for generating region-specific monoclonal antibodies to modified proteins. Application to the identification of human glucosylated low density lipoproteins. 641 10

Uptake by the arterial wall of plasma constituents has considerable clinical implication; thus, uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Serotonin and other vasoactive material may result in changes in the arterial wall leading to increased uptake of albumin or low density lipoprotein. This study was conducted to determine the effect of serotonin (10(-5)M 5-hydroxytryptamine) and serotonin-induced arterial constriction on albumin and low density lipoprotein uptake rates in perfused rabbit femoral arteries. The results show that the presence of serotonin inhibits the rate of uptake of both albumin and LDL. The effect on albumin uptake does not have a direct dose response dependence and is linearly dependent on transmural pressure. In contrast, LDL uptake rates are only slightly affected by pressure. Thus, albumin and LDL uptake processes appear to be due to separate mechanisms.
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PMID:Effect of serotonin on albumin and low density lipoprotein uptake in perfused rabbit femoral arteries. 649 51

Although arterial injury is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, little is known about lipoprotein accumulation in the injured arterial wall. In experiments reported here, the authors quantitated the accumulation of iodinated lipoprotein and albumin in reendothelialized and deendothelialized rabbit aorta. Results indicate that over the experimental period, insudated lipoprotein but not albumin is retained in the reendothelialized aorta. Neither lipoprotein nor albumin was retained in the adjacent persistently deendothelialized aorta. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sequestration of lipoprotein in reendothelialized artery is one mechanism by which lipid accumulates in these areas.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and albumin accumulation in reendothelialized and deendothelialized aorta. 669 10

16 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were studied in a prospective trial during treatment with oestrogens. Changes in plasma levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and testosterone as well as salt-water balance, antithrombin III, fibrinolytic activity, plasma lipoproteins known to influence the risk of cardiovascular complications, were recorded during the initial 2 months. The plasma testosterone, LH and FSH concentrations were suppressed. The plasma volume was increased and the plasma albumin concentration was decreased. The antithrombin III concentration and the tissue fibrinolytic activity were decreased. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) level decreased and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level increased. The recorded changes of cardiovascular risk factors indicate that the risk of water retention and thereby congestive heart failure and the risk for thromboembolic disease are increased during oestrogen treatment. The changes in lipoproteins with a marked elevation of the HDL/LDL ratio are thought to retard the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Effects of oestrogens on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)]. 680 22

The effects of noradrenaline (NA), sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the steady state distribution of 125I-labelled albumin in the wall of excised rabbit common carotid arteries were studied. The vessels were incubated in Tyrodes solution either at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure (non-pressurized) or at in vivo length and a transmural pressure of 70 mm Hg (pressurized). Label was applied in the same concentration at both the luminal and outer surfaces. The mean medial uptake in pressurized vessels was greater after treatment with 10(-7) M NA than after additional treatment with either 10(-3) M NaNO2 or 10(-3) M ISDN. The opposite was found for non-pressurized vessels. The medial uptake by NA-treated pressurized vessels was greater than that by NA-treated non-pressurized vessels, while the reverse was found for NaNO2- or ISDN-treated vessels. We conclude that the different patterns of uptake seen in these vessels results from the relative effects of externally applied stress (elongation and pressurization), smooth muscle tone and convection through the wall, on the properties of the interstitium, and possibly from the effects of the vasoactive agents on endothelial permeability.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Jan
PMID:Effect of noradrenaline, sodium nitrite and isosorbide dinitrate on albumin transport in the wall of the excised rabbit common carotid artery. 683 86

Experiments were undertaken on excised rabbit common carotid arteries to assess whether the distribution volume for radioactively labelled albumin is influenced by smooth muscle tone or externally applied stress. In arteries at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure, the distribution volume in the media was reduced by noradrenaline at concentrations exceeding 10(-9) M and increased by both sodium nitrite and isosorbide dinitrate at concentrations exceeding 10(-4) M. The distribution volume was lower in both the media and adventitia of segments at in vivo length pressurized with air to prevent convection through the wall, than in segments at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure. Noradrenaline decreased and sodium nitrite increased the medial distribution volume of the tracer in these air-pressurized segments. The vasoactive agents did not change the [51Cr]EDTA space in vessels at relaxed length and zero transmural pressure, although there were small alterations of medial water content. Transient conditions raise interpretative difficulties because of uncertainty about endothelial permeability and time-dependent changes of wall properties. The changes of the distribution volume for labelled albumin are thought to reflect changes in the properties of the interstitium.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Jan
PMID:Effect of vasoactive agents and applied stress on the albumin space of excised rabbit carotid arteries. 683 90

The ratio of free fatty acids (FFA) to albumin, its carrier protein, was determined in 118 healthy men of ages 20 to 69 years and in 83 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of ages 33 to 69 years. During aging in normal men, this ratio increased progressively from an average value of 0.755 +/- 0.061 in the age 20-29 group to a value of 1.042 +/- 0.105 in the 60-69-year-old group. In patients with CHD this ratio was approximately 18% higher in each 10-year cohort than the corresponding control value, rising from a value of 1.029 +/- 0.081 in the 30-39-year-old group to a value of 1.212 +/- 0.106 in the 60-69-year-old group. The compositional spectrum of FFA among representative groups was similar, although linoleic acid was slightly reduced as a function of aging and the development of CHD. These results demonstrate that studies which measure only the absolute changes in FFA levels as a function of age or development of CHD tend to underestimate the magnitude of changes in FFA availability to tissues and for participation in biochemical reactions.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Jan
PMID:Increased ratio of plasma free fatty acids to albumin during normal aging and in patients with coronary heart disease. 683 92

We have quantified the concentration profile of 125I-labeled rabbit albumin in the avascular intima and media of the rabbit descending thoracic aorta following intravenous injection under control and acute hypoxic conditions in vivo. Our purpose was to determine if alterations occurred in the transmural concentration profiles which could be attributed to hypoxia-induced changes in the permeability of the intimal endothelium to plasma-borne macromolecules. The profiles were obtained with frozen serial sections of the aorta from experiments of 30 min duration. Acute hypoxia was induced by addition of nitrogen to the breathing mixture. The hypoxia resulted in arterial pO2 values of 23--32 mm Hg while the arterial pO2 in the control animals ranged from 80 to 88 mm Hg. All animals were under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. The results revealed no detectable changes in the concentration profile in the inner media accompanying hypoxia. However, increases in the label concentration in the outer media of the hypoxic animals suggested either dilation or increased permeability of the adventitial blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Feb
PMID:Transmural [125I]albumin concentration in the rabbit aorta during acute hypoxia. 683 99


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