Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to obtain immunohistochemical data of use for evaluating the severity and extent of intimal thickening (IT) in normo- and hypertensive patients small-sized arteries were analyzed by the immunoperoxidase staining technique for intimal deposition of albumin, fibrinogen, IgG, IgM and beta-lipoprotein. The material included surgical biopsies from 143 temporal arteries and matched autopsy samples of temporal- and interlobar renal arteries from 33 patients. The intimal protein deposits were found to reflect the presence of IT but not the state of hypertension. comparisons between the matched temporal and renal arteries showed rank correlation regarding IT as well as deposition of fibrinogen, IgG and beta-lipoprotein. However, fibrinogen was the only protein, which also showed congruous mean values for the two different arterial types. We therefore conclude that out of the 5 proteins examined in this study, fibrinogen appears to be the most reliable marker of IT in small-sized arteries.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Oct
PMID:Immunohistochemical study of intimal protein deposits in the aging vascular wall of normo- and hypertensive patients. 319 Aug 18

Experiments were performed on thoracic aortae of 12 male Sprague-Dawley [corrected] rats to determine the statistical frequency of isolated leaks to Evans blue-albumin (EBA) conjugate at the level of individual cells and to assess the relationship of such leaks to the cell turnover process. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect leakage of EBA around individual cells, and hematoxylin staining was used to identify cells in mitosis on the same specimens. Although endothelial cell mitosis is very rare in occurrence, 99% of the cells in the M phase were associated with EBA leakage. Since these dividing cells accounted for only one third of all cellular leakage sites, we concluded that significant leakage also occurred in other phases of the cell cycle, probably prior to and after the M phase, or during non-denuding desquamation.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Oct
PMID:Enhanced macromolecular permeability of aortic endothelial cells in association with mitosis. 319 Aug 20

Toxicity preventing activity (TxPA) is a recently identified substance in serum which counteracts the toxic effect of very low density lipoproteins upon endothelial cells in vitro. In two clinical studies, TxPA was low in individuals with angiographically demonstrable coronary artery disease. An atherogenic index which combines TxPA with lipoprotein cholesterol values classifies individuals with coronary artery disease with an accuracy of greater than 93%. TxPA precipitates with 0.15 M trichloroacetic acid and above 3 M (NH4)2SO4. Activity is present in Cohn fractions IV4 and V and is stabilized by antioxidants. TxPA co-elutes with the albumin peak on gel filtration chromatography and as a subcomponent of albumin on ion-exchange chromatography. Isoelectric focusing resolves albumin into two major peaks with pI values of 4.8 and 5.6. The TxPA is identified as the pI 5.6 albumin peak.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Oct
PMID:Purification and identification of very low density lipoprotein toxicity preventing activity. 319 Aug 23

A method was developed for measuring levels of lissamine rhodamine B-labelled albumin in arterial walls with a spatial resolution of ca. 1 micron 3. The method was used to study variation in net macromolecular uptake up- and downstream of intercostal ostia in a small number of rabbit aortae. The physical and biological properties of the fluorescent tracer, including its stability, were compatible with its use in vivo. Tracer was injected into the ear vein of conscious rabbits. After 3 h the rabbits were anaesthetized and the thoracic aorta was fixed in situ at physiological pressure. The vessel was embedded in epoxy resin and longitudinal sections of the aortic wall were cut through the centre of the intercostal ostia. Photomicrographs were used to record fluorescence from these sections. The optical density across the photomicrographs was measured and related to the distribution of tracer in the wall. Mean intima-medial levels of tracer were greater downstream of ostia than upstream but were lower near the flow divider than further downstream. Higher levels of tracer were found in the adventitia than in the media and, in the latter, the distribution appeared to be related to the lamellar structure.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Nov
PMID:Application of fluorescence densitometry to the study of net albumin uptake by the rabbit aortic wall up- and downstream of intercostal ostia. 321 73

Lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolic parameters, such as triglycerides, total and alpha-cholesterol, total protein and albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, total lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, were measured in 50 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis and 60 patients with arteritis. The latter showed more marked lipid metabolic disturbance, as compared to the former, as well as indirect signs of hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:[Characteristics of metabolism in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and arteritis]. 323 41

The composition of 3 subclasses of plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) separated by heparin-affinity chromatography was characterized. Plasma was obtained from Fischer-344 adult male rats fed a semi-purified diet containing 1% cholesterol. HDL particles were isolated by ultracentrifugation and agarose column chromatography. The purified HDL fraction was applied to a column (1.0 X 28 cm) packed with heparin-Sepharose CL-6B and eluted at 4 degrees C with 5 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) with varying concentrations of NaCl. The first peak (P1) eluted with 50 mM NaCl and 25 mM MnCl2 was albumin; the second peak (P2) eluted at 70 mM NaCl accounted for 78% of total plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and 82% of total HDL protein. The particles of this HDL subclass measured 113 A in diameter and were devoid of apolipoprotein (apo) E, but high in apo A-I. The third peak (P3) eluted with 290 mM NaCl represented 4.3% of total HDL-C and 6.0% of total HDL protein, and contained apo E (25% of its protein). The average size of the particles was 126 A. The last peak (P4) eluted at 0.6 M NaCl accounted for 18% of total HDL-C and 12% of HDL protein. The particles of P4 were considerably larger in size (156 A) relative to those of P2 and P3, and rich in apo E (73% of its protein) with relatively low concentrations of apo A-I and C. Based on the compositional characteristics and sizes of the particles, the HDL subclasses of P2, P3 and P4 were designated as HDL2 with no apo E, HDL2 with moderate apo E, and HDL1 (or HDLc), respectively. The above results provide evidence for the existence of 3 compositionally distinct subclasses of plasma HDL in the rat, which may differ with regard to their roles in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Apr
PMID:Separation of three compositionally distinct subclasses of rat high density lipoproteins by heparin-affinity chromatography. 336 89

Sera from 47 angiography patients were included in medium supporting the growth of human arterial smooth muscle-derived cells (HUSMC). Ten sera from the 38 patients demonstrating significant coronary artery obstruction caused marked cellular accumulation of neutral lipid, causing the cultured cells to resemble the foam cells of atherosclerotic plaque. None of the sera from the 9 non-atherosclerotic patients caused such marked steatosis. A lesser degree of lipid accumulation by the cultured cells was seen for 4/38 atherosclerotic and 2/9 non-atherosclerotic patients sera. The cell lipids were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and were shown to be triglyceride (TG). The quantities of neutral lipids which accumulated in cultured HUSMC were estimated by absorbances due to Oil red O staining of lipid which were normalized to total cell protein based on absorbances due to Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining, yielding specific lipid content index values. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations and NEFA/albumin molar ratios were strongly and significantly correlated with specific lipid content index values (r = 0.870, P less than 0.001; r = 0.001, respectively), while total cholesterol and TG concentrations did not yield significant associations. The observed steatosis could be reproduced in HUSMC by the addition of exogenous NEFA to the culture medium. Measurements of proliferation of the cultured HUSMC showed no differences between sera causing lipid accumulation and sera lacking this effect. It is suggested that circulating NEFA concentrations may play a role in the etiology of atherosclerotic plaque.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Apr
PMID:Sera containing elevated nonesterified fatty acids from patients with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis cause marked lipid accumulation in cultured human arterial smooth muscle-derived cells. 336 91

A series is presented of 83 patients surgically explored for massive bowel infarction. Old men with previous heart disease and symptoms of peripheral atherosclerosis were primarily affected. Clinical presenting features were abdominal pain (100 per cent), peritonitis (57 per cent), shock (34 per cent) and hypothermia (26 per cent). A third-space syndrome with metabolic acidosis and uraemia was the most common physiological derangement. Age was the only factor that appeared to have influenced the surgeon's decision to perform massive bowel resection (71 years in non-resected versus 64 years in resected patients, P less than 0.006). The overall mortality rate was 71 per cent. Forty-four patients underwent massive bowel resection (mean length of remaining small bowel 60 +/- 40 cm) and twenty-four (54 per cent) survived the procedure. Axillary temperature was higher in survivors (36.7 degrees C versus 36.1 degrees C, P less than 0.03). Early postoperative total plasma protein and albumin concentrations were also higher in survivors (57 versus 46 g/l, P less than 0.005; 27 versus 22 g/l, P less than 0.02). Patients with previous symptoms of atherosclerotic disease and high pre-operative blood urea levels also had a bad prognosis. Survivors had a mean hospital stay of 57 days and parenteral nutrition had to be maintained for a mean of 34 days. The survival rate achieved with massive resection justifies this surgical approach in selected patients with massive bowel infarction.
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PMID:Mesenteric infarction: an analysis of 83 patients with prognostic studies in 44 cases undergoing a massive small-bowel resection. 339 20

Cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols) found in foods may be atherogenic, possibly by altering the barrier function of the vascular endothelium. To investigate this hypothesis, endothelial cells were cultured on micropore filters and the effect of cholesterol and the oxysterol cholestan-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol (Triol) on albumin transfer across cultured vascular endothelial monolayers (ECM) was studied. Exposure to Triol significantly increased albumin transfer across ECM. The effect of Triol on endothelial cell barrier function was time and concentration dependent, with maximum albumin transfer being reached at 20 microM Triol and after a 24-h exposure. Pure cholesterol, on the other hand, did not affect albumin transfer at concentrations as high as 130 microM. Although an increase in albumin transfer across ECM was observed after a 2-h incubation with Triol-enriched media, a 24-h incubation period was necessary to cause a significant release of cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture media. Morphological perturbations of the cell monolayers were observed at approx. 14-18 h after cell exposure to Triol-enriched media. Enrichment with cholesterol or vitamin E did not prevent the Triol-induced increase in albumin transfer across ECM. These results suggest that exposure to oxidized cholesterol, but not cholesterol, itself, reduces the ability of the endothelium to act as a selectively permeable barrier to plasma components, and that these events may not be prevented by cholesterol or vitamin E.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Dec
PMID:Cholestan-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol decreases barrier function of cultured endothelial cell monolayers. 342 58

Increased arterial permeability to [125I]albumin is one of the earliest abnormalities found in the cholesterol-fed rabbit model for atherosclerosis and precedes morphologic changes in the arterial wall. Since propranolol is reported to retard atherogenesis in this model, the current study was undertaken to study the effect of propranolol on arterial permeability to albumin in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Carotid permeability to [125I]albumin was measured after 1 week of (a) a control diet containing only trace cholesterol (N = 9), (b) a 1.5% cholesterol diet (N = 11), or (c) a 1.5% cholesterol diet plus intraperitoneal propranolol 5 mg/kg/day (N = 19). The carotid artery was cannulated proximally and distally and peristaltically perfused with oxygenated Modified Eagle's Medium to which [125I]albumin had been added. The permeability of the carotid artery to albumin was estimated by measuring 125I activity in peripheral venous samples obtained after 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min of carotid perfusion. 125I-radioactivity of the perfused carotid artery was also counted at the end of the experiment to measure 125I retained in the arterial wall. The transfer of [125I]albumin across the arterial wall to the venous circulation was greater in the untreated cholesterol-fed group than in controls (P less than 0.05), but cholesterol-fed animals treated with propranolol did not differ significantly from controls. 125I-albumin in the arterial wall after 240 min of perfusion was decreased in both untreated cholesterol-fed animals (1444 dpm/cm +/- 350) and in propranolol-treated animals (1629 +/- 309) when these were compared to controls (3909 +/- 693, P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Inhibition of cholesterol-induced increases in arterial wall permeability by propranolol. 369 57


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