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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), a highly atherogenic lipoprotein particle, is the prominent apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein in the hedgehog (Laplaud PM et al, J Lipid Res 1988;29:1157-1170). In the present work, we studied the consequences of the structural homology between the specific Lp(a) glycoprotein, apoprotein(a), and plasminogen on the generation of plasmin by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator. The activation of plasminogen was initiated by adding either native plasma or Lp(a)-free plasma supplemented with the equivalent of 0.25 mg/ml of either purified Lp(a) or albumin to a surface of fibrin prepared on micortitration plates and to which human tissue-type plasminogen activator was specifically bound. With the Lp(a)-free plasma, an increase in the binding and activation of plasminogen as a function of time was observed. In contrast, in the presence of Lp(a) (i.e., native plasma or the reconstituted system), a significant decrease in the binding of plasmin(ogen) (approximately 60%) was obtained. These data indicate that hedgehog Lp(a) interferes with the binding and activation of plasminogen at the fibrin surface and may thereby behave as a factor regulating the extent of fibrin deposition. These results support our previous data indicating that high levels of Lp(a) may have antifibrinolytic effects in humans (Rouy D et al, Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:629-638), are in agreement with the observation that Lp(a) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, and provide further support to the view of Lp(a) as a link between atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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PMID:Hedgehog lipoprotein(a) is a modulator of activation of plasminogen at the fibrin surface. An in vitro study. 153 29

The prevalence of microalbuminuria and relationship to cardiovascular risk factors was examined in a cross-sectional community survey of cardiovascular risk factors. Microalbuminuria (when classified as albumin concentration greater than 20 micrograms/ml) was present in 6.3% of subjects but in conjunction with an albumin/creatinine ratio greater than 3.5 in only 2.2%. Diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographs, and to a lesser extent systolic blood pressure and fibrinogen concentration, were greater in those with albuminuria concentrations greater than 20 micrograms/ml. The strongest positive univariate correlates of albumin/creatinine ratios in those with detectable albuminuria were age, fibrinogen, blood pressure, total- and low density lipoprotein-(LDL) cholesterol, apo B and alcohol intake, whereas fasting insulin and insulin resistance were inversely correlated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, gender, systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance independently accounted for 37% of the variability in albumin/creatinine ratios. When those 10 subjects with microalbuminuria and albumin/creatinine ratios greater than 3.5 were matched with 20 with normoalbuminuria for age, gender and body mass index, the microalbuminuric subjects had significantly lower LDL cholesterol/apo B ratios and a tendency to lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/apo A1 ratios. Microalbuminuria is uncommon in the general population, and is related to ageing, blood pressure and other vascular risk factors. It may reflect the presence of established cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Mar
PMID:Microalbuminuria and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the community. 159 6

Adding less than 0.5% w/w of culture material of strain MRC 826 of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme to a carbohydrate diet low in fat resulted in an atherogenic plasma lipid profile in a non-human primate. Simultaneously increased plasma fibrinogen and activity of blood coagulation factor VII could enhance atherogenesis. This unique potential for promotion of atherosclerosis was probably secondary to chronic hepatotoxicity as indicated by liver fibrosis and elevated cholesterol, albumin and the enzymes AST, ALT, LD, GGT and ALP in serum. The cholesterol and enzymes responded in proportion to the calculated doses of fumonisin mycotoxins in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 cultures. Fumonisins are water soluble and heat stable. Thrombotic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and cerebral effects of MRC 826 culture material and fumonisins are well known in non-primates. The estimated fumonisin concentrations tested fall within a range due to natural contamination of human foods. The results suggest that all maize grain products should be analysed for fumonisins.
Atherosclerosis 1992 May
PMID:Atherogenic effects in a non-human primate of Fusarium moniliforme cultures added to a carbohydrate diet. 163 55

The nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia associated with an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of pravastatin, a novel competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with this syndrome and marked hyperlipidemia. Eleven adult patients received 10 mg of pravastatin twice daily for 4 to 8 weeks. The total serum cholesterol decreased from 426 +/- 44 to 309 +/- 18 mg/dl (-27.4%, mean +/- S.E.; p less than 0.01) following administration of pravastatin. The serum triglyceride decreased from 332 +/- 122 to 229 +/- 50 mg/dl (-30.9%), although this change was not significant. Despite the fact that the HDL cholesterol level was barely changed (51 +/- 7 to 51 +/- 6 mg/dl), the LDL cholesterol fell from 313 +/- 30 to 211 +/- 16 mg/dl (-32.5%; p less than 0.005), and the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio fell from 7.57 +/- 1.59 to 4.94 +/- 0.88 (-34.8%; p less than 0.05). These changes caused the atherogenic index to decline from 9.6 +/- 2.4 to 6.1 +/- 1.2 (-36.5%; p less than 0.05). No significant alterations could be found among apolipoproteins A-1, A-2, B, C-2, C-3, and E. During the present study period, pravastatin was well tolerated and did not affect the serum protein, albumin, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, or urine protein excretion. Also, there were no serious adverse effects. Pravastatin appears to be effective for treating patients with hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Effects of pravastatin on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome. 163 84

There are focal areas in the aorta with an enhanced endothelial permeability to macromolecules, as indicated by the focal uptake of the protein-binding azo dye Evans blue in vivo. These areas exhibit high rates of endothelial cell turnover and a number of structural characteristics in en face endothelial morphology. To determine the relationship of endothelial cell death to macromolecular leakage at the level of individual endothelial cells, thoracic aortas of 12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied at 3 to 5 minutes after intravenous administration of Evans blue-albumin (EBA). Leakage of EBA around individual endothelial cells in en face preparations of the aorta was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Dying or dead endothelial cells were identified by indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunocytochemistry. Although endothelial cell death is uncommon in normal aortic endothedium (i.e., an average frequency of 0.48%), a high percentage (63%) of IgG-containing dying or dead endothelial cells was found to be associated with EBA leakage. These dying or dead endothelial cells were responsible for 37% of total EBA leaky foci. The results suggest that, in addition to mitotic endothelial cells, the dying or dead endothelial cells also make significant contributions to the local enhancement in aortic endothelial permeability. The present findings lend further support to the "cell turnover-leaky junction" hypothesis for the localization of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Role of dying endothelial cells in transendothelial macromolecular transport. 169 53

Simultaneous heparin extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP)-dialysis was carried out at weekly intervals in six patients with end-stage renal failure, associated hyperlipidemia, and a high risk of premature atherosclerosis. Evaluating 135 single treatments, a mean acute total cholesterol/LDL reduction of 31% and 39%, respectively, was found, while clearance of urinary substances was comparable to that in regular hemodialysis treatment. Treatment tolerance was excellent and no derangements in albumin, hemodialysis parameters, or blood coagulation were detected.
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PMID:Simultaneous heparin extracorporeal LDL precipitation and hemodialysis. First clinical experience. 175 Dec 49

The results of bicycle ergometry and pharmacological tests with isoproterenol and dipyridamol, 24-hour monitoring and blood levels of endogeneous opioids were studied in 99 females with chest pain who had undergone angiography. Coronary microcirculation was examined in 29 patients by introducing albumin microspheres into the left ventricle. The angiography revealed coronary atherosclerosis in 30 patients, whereas its signs were not found in 8 females with documented coronary heart disease (CHD). The predictive value of positive exercise tests in females with angina pectoris was higher for the diagnosis of CHD, including its types without coronary atherosclerosis. In patients with cardialgias, the predictive values of exercise tests were equally low for the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis, vasospastic and microvascular CHD types. The patients with cardialgias caused by autonomic dyshormonal myocardiodystrophy showed low blood beta-endorphin and leu-enkephalin levels.
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PMID:[Diagnostic usefulness of ECG changes in response to exercise in women with various forms of ischemic heart disease]. 175 7

The relation between serum albumin levels and subsequent incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease deaths was evaluated using stored serum from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). There were 91 coronary heart disease deaths, 113 myocardial infarction patients, and 405 controls matched to cases within 5 years of age, treatment group, and clinic site. There was a highly significant inverse relation between serum albumin level and risk of coronary heart disease. Individuals with a baseline level of serum albumin greater than or equal to 4.7 g/dl had an odds ratio of 0.45 as compared with individuals with a baseline level of serum albumin less than 4.4 g/dl. The relation persisted after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, smoking, and serum cholesterol). The association was stronger for coronary heart disease deaths than for surviving myocardial infarction patients, and for cigarette smokers as compared with cigarette nonsmokers. The deaths studied occurred in the time period at least 6 years after the sera had been obtained and up to 10.5 years of follow-up, and the myocardial infarctions studied occurred within the first 6.5 years of follow-up. There was no consistent relation between time and death due to coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction and albumin levels. Albumin levels are related to the acute phase reaction. Lower albumin levels may be a marker of persistent injury to arteries and progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The consistent relation between albumin and coronary heart disease risk requires further evaluation.
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PMID:The relation between serum albumin levels and risk of coronary heart disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. 175 41

The procedure of discontinuous gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) was used to characterize the influence of early diabetic nephropathy on the composition of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, flotation density 60-400 Svedberg (Sf) units), low density lipoprotein (LDL, flotation density 0-12 Sf) and subfractions of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL1 and IDL2, 20-60 and 12-20 Sf, respectively). Forty-six subjects with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and serum creatinine, less than 140 mumol/l were studied, of whom 23 consistently had normal rates of albumin excretion (AER less than 15 micrograms/min), and 23 had persistent albuminuria (AER 20.0-960.6 micrograms/min). The two groups were similar with respect to total serum lipids, glycaemic control, age and body mass. The composition (lipid, protein and phospholipid) and mass of VLDL, LDL and IDL2 was not appreciably altered by early nephropathy, but free and total cholesterol concentration in IDL1 (Sf 20-60) was increased (total cholesterol 0.68 (0.09) (mean (SE)) vs. 0.47 (0.07) mmol/l, and free cholesterol 0.27 (0.04) vs. 0.17 (0.03) mmol/l, both P less than 0.05). The explanation of these findings was probably an accumulation in the circulation of the remnants of chylomicron metabolism and/or intermediates in the conversion from VLDL to IDL1. In addition, there was a decrease in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in early nephropathy (1.27 (0.06) vs. 1.38 (0.10) mmol/l, P less than 0.05), due to a decrease in the HDL2 cholesterol subfraction (P less than 0.05). These findings may in part explain the increased risk of premature atherosclerosis associated with the development of albuminuria.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Jul
PMID:Influence of early diabetic nephropathy on very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition. 177 71

In type I diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is considered predictive of nephropathy and has been found associated with an increased mobility and mortality for atherosclerosis. An association between microalbuminuria and atherosclerosis has been reported in non diabetic atherosclerotic patients with hypertension. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether albumin excretion rate (AER) is increased in a selected group of normotensive patients with documented peripheral atherosclerotic disease. We measured the AER on overnight urine collections in: 20 normotensive, non diabetic, atherosclerotic patients and in 14 healthy volunteers, matched for sex, age, body mass index. All subjects had normal renal function and negative family history of hypertension and diabetes. The AER values were 2.46 +/- 0.52 micrograms/min in controls, 3.25 +/- 0.69 micrograms/min in atherosclerotic patients, and the difference was not statistically significant. No subject (patient or control) was microalbuminuric. These results suggest that AER is not a marker of widespread vascular damage in normotensive atherosclerotic patients with normal glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Albumin excretion rate is not increased in atherosclerotic patients with peripheral vascular disease. 182 Oct 46


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