Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve subjects (6 women, 6 men) were given 120 g fat orally for 2 h to study its effect on serum high density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL subfractions and apoproteins A-I and A-II. In addition, we measured the fasting activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The HDL2 mass concentration increased significantly in women (216 +/- 10 vs 232 +/- 12 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) but not in men (114 +/- 10 vs 119 +/- 11 mg/dl, NS). The changes of the HDL2 mass in women were due to significant increases of phospholipids, and both apoproteins A-I and A-II. In men, only HDL2 phospholipids rose slightly. The HDL2 cholesterol remained unchanged postprandially. Both fasting and maximal postprandial concentrations of HDL2 correlated positively with adipose tissue LPL activity (r = +0.63, P less than 0.05 and r = +0.61, P less than 0.05). The concentration of HDL3 remained unchanged postprandially but compositional changes were observed. Thus, the HDL3 phospholipids increased slightly in both sexes whereas the HDL3 cholesteryl esters fell significantly. The postprandial changes of HDL2 and HDL3 phospholipids were evident in both zonal ultracentrifugation and equilibrium ultracentrifugation. In addition, 5 women received intragastric fat infusions with or without extra soya phospholipids, lecithin. The HDL2 mass concentration increased after both infusions. In 4 of the 5 subjects the overall increment of the HDL2 phospholipids was larger after the phospholipid-rich emulsion than after phospholipid-poor one. This difference was obvious in zonal profile of HDL subfractions which revealed also a slight increase of HDL3 phospholipids after both infusions. In conclusion, the response of HDL2 to fat meal is more pronounced in women than in men and it seems to be dependent on fasting LPL activity which is higher in women than in men. Further, the alterations in postprandial composition of HDL subfractions can be modified by the composition of fat meal.
Atherosclerosis 1986 Feb
PMID:High density lipoproteins in postprandial lipemia. Relation to sex and lipoprotein lipase activity. 308 30

It is unknown which lipoprotein in childhood is the best predictor of atherosclerosis later on in life. We measured serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, its subfractions (LDL, HDL, HDL2, HDL3) and apoproteins (A-I, A-II, B) in two groups of children. They were offspring of fathers who had severe coronary atherosclerosis or no coronary sclerosis, as determined by coronary angiography. Fasting blood lipids were measured in 49 children of fathers with severe sclerosis, and in 37 children of fathers without sclerosis. Sons of fathers with severe coronary atherosclerosis had higher levels of apo B and of the ratio apo B/apo A-I than sons of fathers free of atherosclerosis. No differences in lipid levels in daughters were observed. These observations suggest that apolipoproteins play a part in early atherogenesis. They further indicate that it may be possible to detect children who have a high probability of developing severe coronary atherosclerosis later in life.
Atherosclerosis 1986 Nov
PMID:Is the ratio of apo B/apo A-I an early predictor of coronary atherosclerosis? 309 4

Apoproteins A-I and A-II, and the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), were studied in 16 patients 3-12 years after ileal bypass operation and in 13 controls, all heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, to investigate why the operated subjects had a higher HDL cholesterol level than the unoperated controls. HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol and apoprotein A-I were higher, HDL3-cholesterol was similar and apoprotein A-II tended to be lower in the operated than the control subjects. The activities of LPL and HL were similar in the 2 groups. HL was negatively correlated with HDL2-cholesterol, whereas LPL was not associated with any of the HDL components. The controls had gained in weight during the follow-up, but the HDL components were not correlated with relative body weight. It is concluded that in familial hypercholesterolemia ileal bypass results in higher HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol and apoprotein A-I level than conservative treatment and that postheparin plasma lipolytic enzymes do not explain the higher level of these HDL components in the operated subjects.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Feb
PMID:High density lipoprotein, apoproteins A-I and A-II and postheparin plasma lipolytic enzymes after ileal bypass. 310 35

Patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who develop proteinuria may die prematurely, whereas those who do not develop this complication have a comparatively normal life span. The excess mortality in diabetics with proteinuria is from cardiovascular as well as renal disease, but the reason is unclear. Risk factors for vascular disease were therefore assessed in 22 insulin dependent diabetics with proteinuria, but not renal failure, who were matched for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) values with a similar number who had normal urinary albumin excretion rates. Macrovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease) was present in 10 patients with proteinuria but in only three with normal albumin excretion rates, and proliferative retinopathy was detected in 11 and four patients in the two groups. There was no significant excess of smokers in the group with proteinuria. Blood pressure was, however, higher in the patients with proteinuria--mean systolic pressure 161 (SD 18) mm Hg compared with 135 (19) mm Hg (95% confidence interval of difference between means 15 to 38 mm Hg); mean diastolic pressure 90 (SD 12) mm Hg compared with 79 (15) mm Hg (confidence interval 3 to 19 mm Hg). The concentration of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol isolated by precipitation was lower in the patients with proteinuria (confidence interval 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). Their concentration of HDL2 cholesterol isolated by ultracentrifugation was also decreased (confidence interval 0.02 to 0.40 mmol/l), whereas HDL3 cholesterol tended to be increased (confidence interval -0.01 to 0.23 mmol/l). There was also a trend for serum cholesterol concentrations to be higher in the presence of proteinuria (confidence interval -0.39 to 1.20 mmol/l). The aggregation of risk factors for atherosclerosis in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by proteinuria helps to explain the increased prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease reported in these patients. Early renal disease in insulin dependent diabetes may have an important role in hypertension and altered lipoprotein metabolism.
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PMID:Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 311 68

We investigated the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) response in 20 middle-aged males during a 12-week course of gemfibrozil. Three aspects of the increase in HDL-C (25%) were studied and our observations are as follows: (1) subfraction analysis showed that HDL3-C rose earlier and to a larger extent (28%) than HDL2-C (15%), (2) analysis of variance group--time interaction effect and correlation studies of HDL-C and total triglycerides suggest the increase in HDL-C was due to a direct effect of gemfibrozil on HDL metabolism, and (3) HDL-C was the only one of 4 HDL components to increase. Apoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and HDL-phospholipid (HDL-PL) did not change, and HDL-triglyceride (HDL-TG) decreased. This pattern is consistent with a change in composition of HDL, i.e. cholesterol enrichment and triglyceride depletion.
Atherosclerosis 1987 Oct
PMID:Change in composition of high density lipoprotein during gemfibrozil therapy. 311 93

The epidemiological associations between the plasma concentrations of several components of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) concentration have been studied in 101 men aged 52-67 years. Subjects were apparently healthy, and had been selected to provide a wide range of HDL-cholesterol levels. A weak positive correlation was observed between plasma total HDL-cholesterol concentration and LCAT concentration (r = 0.24, P less than 0.02). This reflected an association between HDL3-cholesterol (measured by precipitation) and enzyme concentration (r = 0.21, P less than 0.05). Apoprotein (apo) A-II concentration was also positively correlated with LCAT (r = 0.27, P less than 0.01). HDL2-cholesterol and apo A-I concentration were unrelated to LCAT concentration, as also were the HDL2/HDL3 and HDL-cholesterol/apo A-I ratios. The associations of HDL3 cholesterol and apo A-II with LCAT were strengthened when allowance was made by multiple regression for the effect of log plasma triglyceride; under these circumstances variation in LCAT explained statistically 8% of the variance in HDL3-cholesterol, and 10% of that in apo A-II.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Feb
PMID:Relationship of high density lipoprotein composition to plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase concentration in men. 312 47

In order to investigate the in vivo function of hepatic lipase, cats were injected with anti-cat hepatic lipase antibodies which produced a complete and specific inhibition of heparin-releasable hepatic lipase. The cat was chosen as an animal model because it displays, like man, a relative deficiency of lipoprotein lipase compared to hepatic lipase and because the possession of two subfractions of high density lipoproteins, HDL2 and HDL3. In fasted cats no changes were observed in plasma triglycerides or phospholipids. In fed animals triglycerides increased considerably, indicating that hepatic lipase may have a function in the postprandial phase. In fat-loaded cats (6 g of fat/kg) triglycerides in the d less than 1.019 g/ml fraction increased from 4 h after the blockade due to accumulation of lipoproteins with pre-beta-mobility containing the apoproteins, apo B-100, apo E and apo A-I. Apo B-48 did not accumulate consistently. Phospholipids in the HDL2-fraction and those in the HDL3-fraction of the fat-loaded cats tended to increase and decrease from 6 and 9 h after the blockade, respectively. The absolute change in HDL2 phospholipids approximated that of HDL3-phospholipids. Overall, the density of HDL particles decreased, apparently secondary to the accumulation of apo A-I in the d less than 1.019 g/ml fraction. Our findings suggest that hepatic lipase is involved in the hydrolysis of a special class of apo A-I containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins synthesised in the postprandial phase.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Feb
PMID:Studies on the function of hepatic lipase in the cat after immunological blockade of the enzyme in vivo. 312 48

The major high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were examined in angiographically defined cardiovascular patients with low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The aims were to study subfraction concentration and composition, and the extent to which hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) modified these variables. Normotriglyceridaemic (NTG)-low HDL-C patients showed similar subfraction composition to age-matched healthy controls. However, these groups showed notable differences in subfraction composition compared to HTG-low HDL-C patients, particularly with regard to the HDL2 subfraction. HDL subfraction mass was significantly reduced in both cardiovascular groups; the HTG group showed a greater reduction in HDL2, whilst the NTG group showed a greater reduction in HDL3. The major HDL apoprotein (apo A-I) was lower in both subfractions of the cardiovascular patients. Apo A-II showed significant reductions only in the HTG patients.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Feb
PMID:High density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in cardiovascular patients with low levels of HDL-cholesterol. Influence of hypertriglyceridaemia on subfraction concentration and composition. 312 51

Low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) stimulated prostacycline (PGI2) synthesis in rabbit and human aorta smooth muscle cells growing in culture. The lipoproteins were added to the cells in concentrations equal to that of cholesterol. It was shown that HDL exerted a stronger stimulating effect as compared to LDL. The maximal effect was observed with HDL3. HDL3 isolated from blood serum of healthy volunteers appeared to be more active in PGI2 synthesis promotion than those of CDH patients with documented coronary atherosclerosis. Purified Apo A-1 stimulated the transformation of [14C]arachidonic acid into the products of its metabolism with increased accumulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha among labeled metabolites. Estradiol (1.10(-7) M) showed a stimulating effect; norepinephrine (1.10(-6) M) and progesterone (1.10(-7) M) showed an inhibiting effect, whereas corticosterone (1.10(-6) M) and deoxycorticosterone (1.10(-6) M) did not influence the rate of LDL-dependent PGI2 synthesis.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein-dependent synthesis of prostacyclin in smooth muscle cells]. 312 34

With the advent of nocturnal intragastric feeding which protects against acute metabolic complications and promotes growth, patients with glycogen storage disease type I are attracting less attention. However, several biochemical alterations persist and suggest that the long-term risk of atherosclerotic heart disease remains high. Persisting hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were found in seven glycogen storage disease type I subjects, six of them following 5-6 yr of nocturnal intragastric feeding. When compared to ten age-matched controls, the patients showed significantly (P less than 0.001) higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (247.7 +/- 46.8 vs. 115.3 +/- 5.0 mg/dl) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (26.4 +/- 3.4 vs. 55.8 +/- 2.9 mg/dl). Triglyceride (TG) enrichment with cholesteryl ester depletion characterized the lipoprotein classes. The diameters of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and LDL were larger, while that of HDL was smaller and consistent with the predominance of the HDL3 subclass and a lower apoA-I/apoA-II ratio. The raised levels of TG appeared attributable not only to the well-described lipogenesis, but also to impaired catabolism of fat, as evidenced by the significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased activity of both peripheral lipoprotein lipase (3.17 +/- 0.43 vs. 14.15 +/- 0.50 mumol FFA.ml-1.hr-1) and hepatic lipase (1.88 +/- 0.30 vs. 4.83 +/- 0.90). This may well explain the high concentration of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and the impaired conversion of HDL3 to HDL2. Low apoC-II/apoC-III1 could be related to defective lipoprotein lipase activity. These data suggest that glycogen storage disease type I patients on nocturnal intragastric feeding remain at risk for atherosclerosis and its complications.
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PMID:Circulating lipids and lipoproteins in glycogen storage disease type I with nocturnal intragastric feeding. 313 Apr 54


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