Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atherosclerosis is the leading obstacle to long-term survival in cardiac transplant patients. Increases in plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol levels occur after transplantation that may contribute to transplant atherosclerosis. The etiology of this increase is unclear. We investigated the interaction of immunosuppressive medications with plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the HDL subclasses HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, and hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity in 72 consecutive cardiac transplant patients compared to 51 healthy control subjects. In the transplantation group, greater concentrations of plasma triglyceride (80%, p less than 0.001), LDL cholesterol (16%, p less than 0.005) and hepatic lipase activity (100%, p less than 0.001) were noted, whereas lipoprotein lipase activity was noted to be significantly lower (124%, p less than 0.001). No difference was detected in HDL, HDL2, or HDL3 cholesterol. Cyclosporine dose was significantly associated with hepatic lipase activity (r = 0.33, p less than 0.02) and inversely associated with lipoprotein lipase activity (r = -0.28, p less than 0.05). Lipoprotein lipase activity after transplantation correlated inversely with triglycerides (r = -0.36, p less than 0.002) and positively with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.23, p less than 0.05) and HDL2 cholesterol (r = 0.29, p less than 0.05). Hepatic lipase activity correlated inversely with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.21, p less than 0.08). In multiple regression analysis, cyclosporine dose was the major source of variation in hepatic lipase activity.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein subclasses after cardiac transplantation. 222 Jun 41

The distribution and structure of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were examined by rate zonal ultracentrifugation in 200 consecutive subjects, 86 of whom showed a stable hypertriglyceridemia, 22 with coronary artery disease. Among the remaining 114 normotriglyceridemic subjects, 75 were healthy and 39 had coronary disease. The serum levels of the HDL2 subfraction were reduced by 22% in the 39 normotriglyceridemic coronary patients, and by 21% in the whole group of hypertriglyceridemic subjects. No difference in the HDL3 levels was found in any of the studied group. There was a clear negative correlation between HDL2 levels and triglyceridemia in the case of healthy people, not in coronary patients. By contrast, triglyceridemia was negatively correlated with the HDL3 flotation rate, both in healthy subjects and coronary patients at all triglyceride levels. Compositional data indicate that in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, HDL2 levels are reduced because of an enhanced transfer-exchanged process between the enlarged VLDL pool and HDL; in contrast, in coronary patients, a defective maturation of the HDL3 particle is the most likely underlying mechanism. Both in hypertriglyceridemic individuals, as well as in coronary patients, the HDL subfraction distribution is rather similar and drastically different from that of normotriglyceridemic healthy subjects. The mechanisms of the two conditions are probably different and, whereas a low concentration of HDL2 is definitely a major risk factor for normotriglyceridemic individuals, in the case of hypertriglyceridemics other factors may come into play in the final determination of the coronary risk.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Sep
PMID:Influence of serum triglycerides on the HDL pattern in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. 224 19

Modifications in plasma low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) subfraction distribution, as well as the regulation of cellular LDL metabolism by hypertriglyceridemic LDL were tested before and after treatment with acipimox, a nicotinic acid derivative, in 11 type IV hyperlipidemic patients. Large, less dense LDL particles were found in plasma after acipimox treatment, reflecting compositional changes, characterized by a 25.4% increase in cholesteryl ester content and by a 46.2% reduction of triglycerides in LDL. HDL subfractions were only slightly modified, with an increase of dense, cholesteryl ester-enriched and triglyceride poor HDL3 particles. The LDL (B,E) receptor activity in humans skin fibroblasts of LDL isolated before and after treatment was also evaluated. Hypertriglyceridemic LDL proved rather inefficient in regulating receptor activity with a close to 30% reduction vs. normal LDL in the capacity to inhibit receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of 125I-LDL. Such abnormality was fully corrected after acipimox. The reported findings indicate that acipimox treatment in type IV patients, in spite of a relatively modest plasma triglyceride reduction, can markedly modify LDL distribution and composition, normalizing the defective interaction of hypertriglyceridemic LDL with the LDL (B,E) receptor.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Feb
PMID:Lipoprotein changes and increased affinity of LDL for their receptors after acipimox treatment in hypertriglyceridemia. 230 5

Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis is a major risk limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation and is commonly associated with dyslipoproteinemia even in subjects who were not dyslipoproteinemic before intervention. The purpose of this study was to analyse the abnormalities in the lipid profiles of 2 different groups of heart-transplanted males: 18 subjects with underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 19 subjects with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology (CM). Both groups were compared to 33 healthy males. All patients were under immunosuppressive therapy including prednisone, cyclosporin A and azathioprine. A moderate hyperlipidemia was found in all transplant recipients, associated with high HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the CM group (1.80 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.23 mmol/l) and normal HDL-cholesterol levels in the IHD group (1.40 +/- 0.23 mmol/l). HDL subfractionation showed a marked increase in HDL2-cholesterol (CM: 1.12 +/- 0.32; IHD: 0.69 +/- 0.28; control: 0.40 +/- 0.17 mmol/l) while HDL3-cholesterol was significantly lower than in the control group. Analysis of HDL particle sizes showed in all transplant subjects an increase of an intermediate size particle HDL2a (diameter 9.0 +/- 0.10 nm) which is a minor form in control subjects. In the CM group, both the common HDL2b (10.2 +/- 0.13 nm) and HDL2a were abundant in 13 of 17 patients. The pattern was more heterogeneous in the IHD group but witnessed to a high frequency of HDL2a particles either alone (5/14) or associated with larger HDL2b (4/14) or with small HDL3 (4/14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Serum lipid abnormalities in heart transplant recipients: predominance of HDL2-like particles in the HDL pattern. 232 20

Serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I and B were evaluated in 102 patients (75 males and 27 females; ages 58 +/- 8 and 61 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD), respectively) with arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs of supra-aortic trunks. Compared to findings in 64 healthy, age-matched control subjects, male patients in both groups had significantly higher serum triglyceride levels (+42%, P less than 0.05), while female patients with lower limb arteriosclerosis showed significantly increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (+19%, P less than 0.01 and +82%, P less than 0.05, respectively). LDL-triglycerides were also increased in all patients. HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in male patients with arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs (-27%, P less than 0.01) and the supra-aortic trunks (-28%, P less than 0.01), and in females of both groups (-26%, P less than 0.01 and -20%, P less than 0.01, respectively); in terms of percent, HDL2-cholesterol was reduced 2-fold compared to HDL3-cholesterol. Patient apolipoprotein A-I and B levels were unchanged. In male and female patients, correlations between triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol as well as HDL2-cholesterol were negative, but not significant; on the other hand, both correlations were negative and significant in male controls, while only the correlation between triglycerides and HDL2-cholesterol was negative and significant in the female controls. Since HDL-cholesterol, and in particular HDL2-cholesterol, concentrations seem closely related to the intravascular catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the absence of a significant correlation between these parameters in the patients suggests a possible alteration in this metabolic process.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with extra-coronary arteriosclerosis. 232 25

This study was designed to analyze the effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on the lipoprotein profile of chronic hemodialysis patients. Individuals on chronic hemodialysis experience an acceleration of atherosclerosis, which is often accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism. Although total plasma cholesterol is usually normal, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often low. Recently, it has been suggested that the development of atherosclerotic lesions in chronic hemodialysis patients may be the result of a decreased plasma concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and concomitant alterations in plasma amino acid and/or lipoprotein profiles. All subjects in this study were supplemented with 0.97 mmol (200 mg) pyridoxine hydrochloride per day for 28 days; then, concentrations of PLP, total cholesterol, and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions were determined in the plasma. No significant difference was noted in PLP concentration between Group 1 (five post-menopausal women with a history of atherosclerosis who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy) and Group 2 (six subjects who were non-symptomatic). However, both groups had significant increases in PLP concentrations between the pre- and post-supplementation periods (p less than .01). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference in total plasma cholesterol and very-low-density- and low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL and LDL) cholesterol concentrations between groups, but no significant changes in total cholesterol or VLDL and LDL cholesterol content were found during vitamin B-6 supplementation. No statistically significant differences in HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations were observed between Group 1 and Group 2 subjects or within either group during vitamin B-6 supplementation.
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PMID:Lack of effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on the lipoprotein profile of post-menopausal chronic hemodialysis patients. 236 39

One hundred and fifty-four male and 69 female Chinese patients, aged between 40 and 60 years, who had suffered myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated and compared with 216 men and 219 women who had no history or ECG evidence of coronary heart disease. The male MI patients had significantly raised levels of triglycerides (160 mg/dl), cholesterol (194 mg/dl), VLDL-CH (31 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (122 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein E (4.7 mg/dl) and a lower apolipoprotein A-I level (126 mg/dl) than the control group (triglycerides 131, cholesterol 179, VLDL-CH 26, apo B 102, apo E4.2, and apo A-I 138 mg/dl). The women with MI also had higher values for the atherogenic lipids than the control group (triglycerides 175 vs. 134 mg/dl, cholesterol 218 vs. 186 mg/dl, LDL-CH 128 vs. 104 mg/dl, VLDL-CH 32 vs. 26 mg/dl, apo B 121 vs. 103 mg/dl and apo E 5.4 vs. 4.3 mg/dl), as well as lowered apolipoprotein A-I (128 vs. 144 mg/dl). The Lp(a) levels (men and women considered together) were significantly higher for the MI patients (34.3 mg/dl vs. 26.2 mg/dl). Anti-atherogenic lipoproteins such as HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-CH, HDL3-CH, phospholipids and apolipoprotein A-II, C-II and C-III showed no difference between the groups.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Jun
PMID:Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and other risk factors in Chinese men and women with and without myocardial infarction. 237 89

The lipoprotein (LP) fractions VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 were prepared by ultracentrifugation of plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the capacity of platelets from healthy volunteers and patients with atherosclerosis to generate thromboxane A2 (TXA2) during spontaneous clotting of whole blood under the influence of the lipoprotein fractions. In our experiments the serum concentration of TXB2, reflecting the capacity of platelets to generate TXA2 during clotting, depends on several factors: the type of LP fraction used, the blood used for generation of TXA2, and for the same LP fraction whether it was taken from plasma of healthy volunteers or patients with CHD. VLDL prepared from plasma of healthy volunteers inhibited but VLDL prepared from plasma of patients with CHD enhanced the TXA2 formation of platelets from healthy volunteers (p less than 0.05, resp.). LDL from CHD patients inhibited the TXA2 formation of platelets from atherosclerotic patients (p less than 0.01). The HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 from healthy volunteers inhibited TXA2 formation by platelets from healthy volunteers as well as those from atherosclerotic patients (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01, respectively). HDL2 from patients with CHD inhibited only the TXA2 formation of platelets from healthy volunteers (p less than 0.01), whereas HDL3 from CHD patients inhibited only the TXA2 formation of platelets from atherosclerotic patients (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Modulation of TXA2 generation of platelets by human lipoproteins. 239 69

We investigated the modulating effect of serum total triglycerides on the lipid composition of various lipoproteins, and on the response to gemfibrozil treatment. This placebo controlled study was conducted blind in 60 participants of the Helsinki Heart Study. An inverse relationship was observed between cholesterol content in all lipoprotein fractions and serum total triglyceride level. Gemfibrozil, in addition to changing the absolute amounts of lipoprotein lipids, also normalized the qualitative abnormalities associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Gemfibrozil increased the level of HDL-cholesterol with the main effect on HDL3-subfraction. The observed reduction in LDL-cholesterol was dependent on the initial triglyceride level.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Feb
PMID:Effect of gemfibrozil on the concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins. A controlled study with special reference to initial triglyceride levels. 240 50

We have evaluated a simple dextran sulphate precipitation method for measuring high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) subfractions and have used this method to measure plasma HDL2 and HDL3 in a group of 28 patients with primary gout. These patients were found to have significantly lower levels of plasma HDL and HDL2 than a group of healthy controls, matched for age and sex and of similar body mass index (BMI); no significant difference in mean levels of the HDL3 subfraction was found however. We have confirmed the high prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia in subjects with gout compared to controls and the mean serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the gout group than in controls. We have also shown that subjects with high serum triglyceride levels tend to have low plasma HDL2 concentrations, a finding which is consistent with an inverse relationship between these two parameters. These lipid abnormalities may partly explain the high prevalence of premature atherosclerosis in patients with primary gout.
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PMID:The measurement of high density lipoprotein subfractions in patients with primary gout using a simple precipitation method. 241 36


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