Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of insulin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be mediated in part by the associations of insulin with CVD risk factors, particularly blood pressure and serum lipids. These associations were examined in 4576 black and white young adults in the CARDIA Study. Fasting insulin level was correlated in univariate analysis with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.16), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.13), triglycerides (r = 0.27), total cholesterol (r = 0.10), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.25), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.14), and with age, sex, race, glucose, body mass index, alcohol intake, cigarette use, physical activity, and treadmill duration (all p less than 0.0001). After adjustment for these covariates, insulin remained positively associated with blood pressure, triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and was negatively associated with HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I in all four race-sex groups. Higher levels of fasting insulin are associated with unfavorable levels of CVD risk factors in young adults; these associations, though relatively small, can be expected to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Demonstration of these relationships in a large, racially diverse, healthy population suggests that insulin may be an important intermediate risk factor for CVD in a broad segment of the U.S. population.
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PMID:Association of fasting insulin with blood pressure and lipids in young adults. The CARDIA study. 218 41

Atherosclerosis is the leading obstacle to long-term survival in cardiac transplant patients. Increases in plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol levels occur after transplantation that may contribute to transplant atherosclerosis. The etiology of this increase is unclear. We investigated the interaction of immunosuppressive medications with plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the HDL subclasses HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, and hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity in 72 consecutive cardiac transplant patients compared to 51 healthy control subjects. In the transplantation group, greater concentrations of plasma triglyceride (80%, p less than 0.001), LDL cholesterol (16%, p less than 0.005) and hepatic lipase activity (100%, p less than 0.001) were noted, whereas lipoprotein lipase activity was noted to be significantly lower (124%, p less than 0.001). No difference was detected in HDL, HDL2, or HDL3 cholesterol. Cyclosporine dose was significantly associated with hepatic lipase activity (r = 0.33, p less than 0.02) and inversely associated with lipoprotein lipase activity (r = -0.28, p less than 0.05). Lipoprotein lipase activity after transplantation correlated inversely with triglycerides (r = -0.36, p less than 0.002) and positively with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.23, p less than 0.05) and HDL2 cholesterol (r = 0.29, p less than 0.05). Hepatic lipase activity correlated inversely with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.21, p less than 0.08). In multiple regression analysis, cyclosporine dose was the major source of variation in hepatic lipase activity.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein subclasses after cardiac transplantation. 222 Jun 41

Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins were quantified in two kindreds of hypobetalipoproteinemia. All affected members were asymptomatic but showed a decrease of 75% in apolipoprotein B and of 69% in LDL-cholesterol. There were no major changes in apo A-I and A-II but all affected family members had reduced levels of apo C-II (by 58%) and C-III (by 59%) without significant decrease in apo C-I and no specific decrease of apo C-III1. Apolipoprotein E is decreased in SDS-PAGE. The plasma level and phenotype of Lp(a) are not affected by HBL, suggesting that a catabolic rather than a synthetic mechanism is responsible for the disease. As shown by density gradient ultracentrifugation, HDL2 particles that contain essentially apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol and phospholipids represent in affected subjects the major part of HDL. Due to the net reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing particles (VLDL and LDL) as acceptors of lipids in HBL, there is an accumulation of large particles rich in cholesteryl esters.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Aug
PMID:Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in two kindreds of hypobetalipoproteinemia. 224 96

The distribution and structure of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were examined by rate zonal ultracentrifugation in 200 consecutive subjects, 86 of whom showed a stable hypertriglyceridemia, 22 with coronary artery disease. Among the remaining 114 normotriglyceridemic subjects, 75 were healthy and 39 had coronary disease. The serum levels of the HDL2 subfraction were reduced by 22% in the 39 normotriglyceridemic coronary patients, and by 21% in the whole group of hypertriglyceridemic subjects. No difference in the HDL3 levels was found in any of the studied group. There was a clear negative correlation between HDL2 levels and triglyceridemia in the case of healthy people, not in coronary patients. By contrast, triglyceridemia was negatively correlated with the HDL3 flotation rate, both in healthy subjects and coronary patients at all triglyceride levels. Compositional data indicate that in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, HDL2 levels are reduced because of an enhanced transfer-exchanged process between the enlarged VLDL pool and HDL; in contrast, in coronary patients, a defective maturation of the HDL3 particle is the most likely underlying mechanism. Both in hypertriglyceridemic individuals, as well as in coronary patients, the HDL subfraction distribution is rather similar and drastically different from that of normotriglyceridemic healthy subjects. The mechanisms of the two conditions are probably different and, whereas a low concentration of HDL2 is definitely a major risk factor for normotriglyceridemic individuals, in the case of hypertriglyceridemics other factors may come into play in the final determination of the coronary risk.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Sep
PMID:Influence of serum triglycerides on the HDL pattern in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. 224 19

Despite probucol's capacity to induce regression of tendinous xanthomata and reduce whole plasma and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with hypercholesterolemia, its therapeutic use in the United States has been limited because of concern about its HDL-lowering effects. To assess the possibility that probucol might facilitate mobilization of tissue cholesterol in the presence of low HDL levels as a consequence of favorable changes in lipoprotein composition and function, we have analyzed lipoproteins and studied cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) in hypercholesterolemic patients before and after treatment. Prior to treatment, the free cholesterol (FC)/lecithin (L) ratio in plasma, a new index of cardiovascular risk, and the mass of cholesteryl ester transferred from HDL to the apo B-containing lipoproteins (CET) both were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). As previously shown, plasma cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, HDL2, and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B all fell significantly following probucol treatment. The FC/L ratio in plasma (P less than 0.01) and HDL2 (P less than 0.01) both fell significantly also, as did the sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio in VLDL + LDL (P less than 0.001) which is typically increased in untreated patients with hypercholesterolemia. Nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in 6 patients revealed that the quantitative changes in HDL were associated with a redistribution of particles characterized by a decrease in the prevalence of the largest (HDL2b) and a relative increase in the number of the smallest (HDL3b) particles. Moreover, CET following probucol therapy returned to levels which were indistinguishable from those of normolipidemic controls. These results indicate that untreated patients with hypercholesterolemia have abnormalities in (1) lipoprotein composition which have been shown to retard the movement of cholesterol from tissues to HDL, and in (2) CET which is accelerated and can potentially lead to the formation in plasma of atherogenic CE-enriched apo B-containing lipoproteins. Probucol's capacity to reverse these specific alterations suggests that it may have beneficial effects on cholesterol transport in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Oct
PMID:Probucol treatment in hypercholesterolemic patients: effects on lipoprotein composition, HDL particle size, and cholesteryl ester transfer. 228 96

Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis is a major risk limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation and is commonly associated with dyslipoproteinemia even in subjects who were not dyslipoproteinemic before intervention. The purpose of this study was to analyse the abnormalities in the lipid profiles of 2 different groups of heart-transplanted males: 18 subjects with underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 19 subjects with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology (CM). Both groups were compared to 33 healthy males. All patients were under immunosuppressive therapy including prednisone, cyclosporin A and azathioprine. A moderate hyperlipidemia was found in all transplant recipients, associated with high HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the CM group (1.80 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.23 mmol/l) and normal HDL-cholesterol levels in the IHD group (1.40 +/- 0.23 mmol/l). HDL subfractionation showed a marked increase in HDL2-cholesterol (CM: 1.12 +/- 0.32; IHD: 0.69 +/- 0.28; control: 0.40 +/- 0.17 mmol/l) while HDL3-cholesterol was significantly lower than in the control group. Analysis of HDL particle sizes showed in all transplant subjects an increase of an intermediate size particle HDL2a (diameter 9.0 +/- 0.10 nm) which is a minor form in control subjects. In the CM group, both the common HDL2b (10.2 +/- 0.13 nm) and HDL2a were abundant in 13 of 17 patients. The pattern was more heterogeneous in the IHD group but witnessed to a high frequency of HDL2a particles either alone (5/14) or associated with larger HDL2b (4/14) or with small HDL3 (4/14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Serum lipid abnormalities in heart transplant recipients: predominance of HDL2-like particles in the HDL pattern. 232 20

Serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I and B were evaluated in 102 patients (75 males and 27 females; ages 58 +/- 8 and 61 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD), respectively) with arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs of supra-aortic trunks. Compared to findings in 64 healthy, age-matched control subjects, male patients in both groups had significantly higher serum triglyceride levels (+42%, P less than 0.05), while female patients with lower limb arteriosclerosis showed significantly increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (+19%, P less than 0.01 and +82%, P less than 0.05, respectively). LDL-triglycerides were also increased in all patients. HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in male patients with arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs (-27%, P less than 0.01) and the supra-aortic trunks (-28%, P less than 0.01), and in females of both groups (-26%, P less than 0.01 and -20%, P less than 0.01, respectively); in terms of percent, HDL2-cholesterol was reduced 2-fold compared to HDL3-cholesterol. Patient apolipoprotein A-I and B levels were unchanged. In male and female patients, correlations between triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol as well as HDL2-cholesterol were negative, but not significant; on the other hand, both correlations were negative and significant in male controls, while only the correlation between triglycerides and HDL2-cholesterol was negative and significant in the female controls. Since HDL-cholesterol, and in particular HDL2-cholesterol, concentrations seem closely related to the intravascular catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the absence of a significant correlation between these parameters in the patients suggests a possible alteration in this metabolic process.
Atherosclerosis 1990 Mar
PMID:Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with extra-coronary arteriosclerosis. 232 25

In 17 prostatic cancer patients, changes in the plasma lipoprotein pattern, including high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and in glucose tolerance were compared after 6 months on parenteral polyestradiol phosphate (PEP; Estradurin, 80 or 160 mg/month) with the respective changes in orchiectomized patients. In the estrogen group there was no change in the total serum cholesterol level, whereas in the orchiectomy group an increase of 10% was observed. Estrogen therapy resulted in a significant increase of serum HDL (11%) and HDL2 cholesterol (26%) levels; in the orchiectomy group these fractions remained unchanged. Estrogen therapy induced a significant decrease in total serum triglycerides (24%) and in low density lipoprotein triglycerides (27%); in the orchiectomy group reverse changes were observed. PEP treatment caused changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern, which apparently decreases the risk of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effects of orchiectomy and polyestradiol phosphate therapy on serum lipoprotein lipids and glucose tolerance in prostatic cancer patients. 235 Nov 92

The propositus was a 43-year-old Japanese male with a plasma total cholesterol (chol) level of 252 mg/dl and a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-chol of 169 mg/dl. His brother also had a markedly higher HDL-chol level of 149 mg/dl. In addition, his mother, sister and all 3 children had higher HDL-chol levels of 75-91 mg/dl. These data suggest that the propositus and his brother were homozygous for familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia (FHALP), whereas his mother, sister and 3 children were heterozygous for FHALP. None had any clinical signs of atherosclerosis. The propositus and his brother (homozygous FHALP) also showed markedly higher levels of apo AI (greater than or equal to 190 mg/dl) and E (greater than 16 mg/dl). Ultracentrifugal analysis disclosed an increase of HDL2-chol in the propositus. Cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) was completely absent in the propositus (0.0% transfer/5 microliters/18 hr) and his brother (0.3% transfer/5 microliters/18 hr). It is concluded that this case is a family of homozygous FHALP probably caused by complete deficiency of CETA.
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PMID:A family of homozygous familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity. 236 Aug 80

The relationships between plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass concentrations and lipids, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein subfraction concentrations were studied in men assigned at random to a one-year exercise program (n = 48) and to a sedentary control condition (n = 31). Exercise training did not significantly affect mean concentrations of LCAT-mass. Moreover changes in LCAT within the exercise group were unrelated to distance run and weight loss. The baseline data and the one-year change data showed consistent positive correlations between LCAT concentrations and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and consistently weak correlations between LCAT concentrations and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL2, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations. The strong correlation between LCAT and total cholesterol may account for LCAT's relationships with lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoprotein B and other lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Atherosclerosis 1990 May
PMID:Associations of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass concentrations with exercise, weight loss, and plasma lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in men. 236 Sep 20


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