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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The predictors of premature coronary atherosclerosis were examined in 203 patients (99 men aged less than or equal to 50 years, and 104 women aged less than or equal to 60 years) undergoing elective diagnostic coronary arteriography. Age, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins (i.e., very low, intermediate-, low-, and high-density [HDL] lipoproteins and their subfractions [HDL2 and HDL3], and lipoprotein [a]) and apolipoproteins (apoA-1, apoA-2 and apoB, respectively) were examined using univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. In men, age (p less than 0.05), smoking (p less than 0.05), and plasma triglyceride (p less than 0.02) and apoA-1 (p less than 0.05) levels were independently associated with CAD. In women, smoking (p less than 0.001) and plasma apoB levels (p less than 0.04) were the strongest variables independently associated with CAD. It is concluded that the "nontraditional" risk factors (plasma apoA-1 and apoB levels) are better predictors of premature CAD than are plasma lipoproteins and that smoking is the strongest of the traditional nonlipid risk factors.
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PMID:Comparison of the plasma levels of apolipoproteins B and A-1, and other risk factors in men and women with premature coronary artery disease. 156 71

Serum elastase-type activity, elastase inhibitory capacity and their relation to lipids were examined in 140 male patients with ischemic vascular disease (coronary, cerebral, peripheral) and in 60 control subjects. In a further 24 patients with acute myocardial infarction elastase activity, inhibitory capacity and lipids during the course of the illness have also been investigated. Serum elastase-type activity was found to be significantly lower and inhibitory capacity significantly higher in the groups of patients than in the controls. HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol as well as apo A concentration showed significant negative correlation with elastase inhibitory capacity both in atherosclerotic and in control subjects. During the course of myocardial infarction a significant elevation of serum elastase-type activity could be observed at the end of the first week; serum triglyceride levels increased, HDL- and HDL2-concentrations decreased significantly in the first 3 weeks, than gradually approached the initial values. In the patients with an elevation of serum elastase-like activity by more than 30% in the first week, there was a significantly higher elevation of serum GOT and LDH1 and a greater occurrence of transmural (Q) infarction than in those with a smaller variation of elastase-like activity.
Atherosclerosis 1992 Mar
PMID:Elastase-type enzymes and their relation to blood lipids in atherosclerotic patients. 159 1

Silent myocardial ischemia (SI), an asymptomatic manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD), was identified in 10% of apparently healthy nonsmoking, nondiabetic older (60 +/- 7 years, mean +/- SD) men with normal plasma cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that in the absence of other major risk factors for CAD, the men with SI would have reduced plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 subspecies due to an upper-body fat distribution (waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]), hyperinsulinemia, and abnormal postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities. Compared with 47 normal control subjects of similar age, obesity, and maximal aerobic capacity, the 18 men with SI had higher plasma triglyceride (TG) (162 +/- 71 versus 102 +/- 39 mg/dl, p less than 0.001) and lower HDL-C (33 +/- 6 versus 37 +/- 7 mg/dl, p less than 0.02) levels with no difference in low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The HDL2b and HDL2a subspecies measured by gradient gel electrophoresis were also lower in the men with SI (p less than 0.01). The plasma glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test were the same in both groups. Postheparin plasma HL activity was significantly higher in 12 men with SI than in 41 control subjects (34 +/- 8 versus 27 +/- 10 mumol/ml.hr-1, p less than 0.03) and was correlated with log insulin area (r = 0.36, p less than 0.05) and WHR (r = 0.32, p less than 0.05) in the control subjects but not in the men with SI. In the control group, the percent HDL2b subspecies was correlated inversely with postheparin plasma HL activity (r = -0.46, p less than 0.01, n = 41) as well as WHR (r = -0.49, p less than 0.001, n = 47) and log insulin area (r = -0.37, p less than 0.05, n = 47) but not in the men with SI. Postheparin LPL activity was the same in both groups of men and did not correlate with HDL, WHR, insulin, or plasma TG levels. As the control subjects and men with SI had comparable degrees of abdominal obesity and hyperinsulinemia, these results suggest that the reduced HDL-C levels in men with SI may be related to elevations in HL activity. Thus, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, elevated TG levels, and low HDL-C and HDL2 subspecies levels may predispose these older men to atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Reduced HDL2 cholesterol subspecies and elevated postheparin hepatic lipase activity in older men with abdominal obesity and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. 161 6

Literature data suggest that identification of the conditions preventing lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) to produce normal cholesterol esterification might be of utmost importance in the follow-up of atherosclerosis. Interrelationship between LCAT activity, and total cholesterol (TC), unesterified cholesterol (UC), esterified cholesterol (EC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), l-lactate (LAC), and electrolytes, i.e. zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), was investigated in 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 30 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 30 healthy control subjects. Results of the study revealed LCAT activity to be significantly decreased in atherosclerotic patients, with a significantly increased ratio of unesterified-esterified cholesterol (UC/EC), as compared to the control group of normal subjects. A decreased LCAT activity was accompanied by elevated values of phospholipids and LDL-C, a moderate increase in triglycerides, and a decreased quotient of HDL3/HDL2 cholesterol. Accordingly, a decreased activity of LCAT could with great certainty be considered a high-risk biochemical factor for atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. 175 Aug 5

The abnormalities of lipid metabolism in nephrotic syndrome consist in an increase in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoproteins B (ApoB), C-II and C-III, associated in patients with heavier or marked hypoalbuminemia with an increase in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, while the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are distributed abnormally (increased HDL3 fraction and decreased HDL2 fraction) and the Apo A-I to Apo B ratio is reduced. Both increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and reduced removal capacity contribute to this hyperlipidemia. Proteinuria may lead to the lipoprotein abnormalities through stimulation of VLDL synthesis by the liver induced by hypoalbuminemia, although it has been more recently suggested that urinary protein loss is associated with the urinary loss of some important cofactor for the regulation of lipid synthesis or catabolism. Treatment of lipid abnormalities in patients with long-lasting heavy proteinuria is mandatory, because they may cause or contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis, but also because they appear to accelerate progression of renal disease by favouring mesangial sclerosis. Four groups of lipid-lowering drugs have been tested: 1) bile acid-binding resins; 2) fibric acid; 3) probucol; 4) inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase. The drugs of the last group appear to be effective and safe in short-term experiments, but long-term studies are necessary to confirm their validity. A dietary approach, consisting in a strictly vegetarian soy diet, very rich in poly- and monounsaturates fatty acids, has been recently tested by the author, with very promising results.
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PMID:Lipid changes in the nephrotic syndrome: new insights into pathomechanisms and treatment. 175 84

Activities of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) were measured in plasma of four vertebrate species: man, rabbit, pig, and rat. The activities were measured in the absence and presence of antibodies raised against purified human CETP. PLTP activities were present in all four species with highest values in pig (11.7 +/- 1.2 U/ml) and human plasma (9.2 +/- 1.6 U/ml). Considerable lower activities were found in rabbit (3.5 +/- 0.6 U/ml) and rat plasma (1.6 +/- 0.7 U/ml). These activities were not affected significantly by antibody against human CETP. CETP activities could be measured in human (0.23 +/- 0.05 U/ml) and in rabbit plasma (0.19 +/- 0.03 U/ml). CETP activity in human plasma was inhibited over 97% by antibody against human CETP. Plasma was chromatographed on a Superose 6 gel filtration column. Average HDL particle sizes in the four species differed notably and decreased in the order: rat HDL greater than rabbit HDL greater than human HDL greater than pig HDL. A separation of the two lipid transfer activities was evident after gel filtration chromatography. The peak of the PLTP activity coeluted with a fraction of HDL particles with the size of human HDL2 (particle weights 300-375 kDa). CETP activity in human and rabbit plasma coeluted largely with relatively small HDL particles (particle weights 140-180 kDa). These results show that CETP and PLTP activities are located in different macromolecular complexes.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Oct
PMID:Different locations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein activities in plasma. 175 86

The procedure of discontinuous gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) was used to characterize the influence of early diabetic nephropathy on the composition of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, flotation density 60-400 Svedberg (Sf) units), low density lipoprotein (LDL, flotation density 0-12 Sf) and subfractions of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL1 and IDL2, 20-60 and 12-20 Sf, respectively). Forty-six subjects with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and serum creatinine, less than 140 mumol/l were studied, of whom 23 consistently had normal rates of albumin excretion (AER less than 15 micrograms/min), and 23 had persistent albuminuria (AER 20.0-960.6 micrograms/min). The two groups were similar with respect to total serum lipids, glycaemic control, age and body mass. The composition (lipid, protein and phospholipid) and mass of VLDL, LDL and IDL2 was not appreciably altered by early nephropathy, but free and total cholesterol concentration in IDL1 (Sf 20-60) was increased (total cholesterol 0.68 (0.09) (mean (SE)) vs. 0.47 (0.07) mmol/l, and free cholesterol 0.27 (0.04) vs. 0.17 (0.03) mmol/l, both P less than 0.05). The explanation of these findings was probably an accumulation in the circulation of the remnants of chylomicron metabolism and/or intermediates in the conversion from VLDL to IDL1. In addition, there was a decrease in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in early nephropathy (1.27 (0.06) vs. 1.38 (0.10) mmol/l, P less than 0.05), due to a decrease in the HDL2 cholesterol subfraction (P less than 0.05). These findings may in part explain the increased risk of premature atherosclerosis associated with the development of albuminuria.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Jul
PMID:Influence of early diabetic nephropathy on very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition. 177 71

A Caucasian family of mediterranean origin comprising a patient whose parents were first cousins, his wife and their three children, and his two sisters have been studied. The patient and his two daughters were afflicted with the same corneal opacities and hypoalphalipoproteinaemia. The disease was shown to be transmitted as a non-sex-linked recessive trait. The corneal opacities develop at the end of the second decade of life and consist of numerous minute greyish dots in the entire corneal stroma that give the cornea a misty appearance. Vision slowly deteriorated from 40 years of age. At about 50 years of age, except in one of the two daughters who showed Marfanoid syndrome, the three patients had good general health and no symptoms of atherosclerosis. Biochemical investigations showed hypoalphalipoproteinaemia (with a faint fast-moving HDL band on polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis and small arcs of HDL2 and HDL3 of low mobility determined by agarose gel immunoelectrophoresis), low total cholesterol (3.5-4.9 mmol l-1), slightly decreased cholesteryl ester/total cholesterol ratio (0.52-0.63), extremely low HDL cholesterol (0.20-0.21 mmol l-1), mild hypertriglyceridaemia (1.94-3.80 mmol l-1), and striking deficiency in apo A-I and apo A-II (0.45-0.72, 0.08-0.16 g l-1, respectively). The esterification of HDL cholesterol was low while that of LDL and VLDL was nearly normal. Other laboratory values were normal. The HDL subspecies and major apolipoprotein isoforms have been studied to differentiate FED from Tangier disease, LCAT deficiency, as Apo A-I, A-II, C-II, C-III deficiencies and variants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A 'Fish-eye disease' familial condition with massive corneal opacities and hypoalphalipoproteinaemia: clinical, biochemical and genetic features. 177 23

The Spatholobus suberectus (SS) of hexue type, the Euonymus alatus (EA) of huoxue type and the Eupolyphaga sinensis (ES) of poxue type were selected and their influence on plasma lipid in the experimental hyperlipidemia quails was observed. The ES could raise plasma HDL-C/TC ratio and increase LCAT activity. The SS could raise plasma HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio. The effect of EA on plasma HDL-C/TC, HDL2-C/HDL3-C and LCAT levels was between SS and ES. All the three huoxue huayu Chinese drugs could lower plasma HDL3-C level and slow down the progress of atherosclerosis to a certain degree. The above-mentioned results show that certain orders exist between the action range of huoxue huayu drugs and their effect on regulating plasma lipid.
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PMID:[Comparison of Spatholobus suberectus Dum, Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. and Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker on regulation of plasma lipid]. 178

In a contribution to a prolonged multicenter study 15 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were treated with simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. The first part of the study was done in a double-blind fashion comparing the effect of this new drug with that of gemfibrozil during 12 weeks, and after this period on open-label treatment was started with the administration to all the patients of simvastatin in doses ranging from 2.5 to 40 mg q.p.m. Persistent and significant reductions (P less than 0.001) were achieved for total serum cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apo B and triglycerides: by 38, 49, 44 and 33%, respectively, after 40 weeks of the open-label extension. From week 12, LDL-C levels were maintained at a cut point less than or equal to 140 mg/dl in every patient throughout the study. At week 40, cholesterol values of HDL subfractions showed a significant increase in HDL2-C (28%, P less than 0.01) and a concomitant reduction in HDL3-C (12%, P less than 0.01) in spite of a nonsignificant elevation of total HDL-C (by 6%). The HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio rose by 47% (P less than 0.001) and the TC/HDL-C ratio was significantly reduced by 43%: from 6.1 +/- 1.2 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001). No adverse effects were detected. Our results suggest a conversion of HDL3 into HDL2, which could imply a beneficial effect of simvastatin upon the so-called reverse cholesterol transport, in addition to the striking reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins.
Atherosclerosis 1991 Dec
PMID:Significant increase of high-density lipoprotein2-cholesterol under prolonged simvastatin treatment. 178 12


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