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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, have found to be the dreadful diseases worldwide and therapeutic interventions using plant sources have wide therapeutic value. Vigna unguiculata (VU) leaves have been used as food and therapeutics. Hence, our study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic as well as anti-atherogenic potential of VU leaves in normalizing atherogenic gene expression, cholesterol profile, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme system on cholesterol fed rabbit model. For the study New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and experimental period was three months; group -i - ND [normal diet (40 g feed)], group-ii- ND (normal diet) +EAVU [ethyl acetate fraction of Vigna unguiculata (150 mg/kg body weight)], group -iii- ND [normal diet ]+ CFD [cholesterol fed diet (cholesterol 1 % of 40 g feed and cholic acid 0.5 % of 40 g feed)] and group-iv - ND [normal diet] +CFD [cholesterol fed diet ]+EAVU [ethyl acetate fraction of Vigna unguiculata (150 mg/kg body weight)]. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the rabbit with cholesterol (1 % of 40 g feed) and cholic acid (0.5 % of 40 g feed). Supplementation of EAVU normalized cholesterol profile, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products like thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), antioxidant system and important genes of cardiovascular diseases like interleukin-10 (IL 10), paraoxanase-1 (PON I), interleukin-6 (IL 6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox 2) to near normal level as compared with normal diet. The result obtained showed the antioxidant as well as anti-atherogenic potential of Vigna unguiculata leaves in ameliorating cholesterol induced atherosclerosis, and thus it is good task to include VU leaves in daily diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases especially atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Amelioration of cholesterol induced atherosclerosis by normalizing gene expression, cholesterol profile and antioxidant enzymes by Vigna unguiculata. 2347 95

Haemodynamic physical parameters play a role in determining endothelial cell phenotype and influence vascular remodelling. Accurate measurement of total pressure, velocity magnitude, and wall shear stress is vital for studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper investigated a lesion-based computational fluid dynamic (CFD-Fluent) pilot analysis to understand the complex haemodynamic changes prevailing in patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (CS) 90%. All subjects were examined with colour-flow Doppler, power Doppler, and digital subtraction angiography to enable visualization of carotid stenosis and plaque surface morphology, and used to generate computational meshes. Two models were devised: the first without any stenosis and the second with an 82% grade of stenosis localized in the external carotid artery. The distribution of the principal parameters can be obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD-Fluent) using patient-specific geometries and flow analytical measurements. The total pressure distribution ranged between 16,000 and 8,000 Pa in the case of normal carotid artery and 16,000 and 5,500 Pa in the case of the stenosed artery. The velocity registered a peak in the stenosis region of 5 m/s. The mean wall shear stress within the stenosis region was 360 Pa. In conclusion, patient-based CFD-Fluent analysis of CS predicts a complex haemodynamic environment with large spatial haemodynamic parameter variations that occur very rapidly over short distances. Our results improve estimates of the flow changes and forces at the vessel wall in CS and the link between haemodynamic changes and stenosis pathophysiology.
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PMID:Carotid artery stenosis near a bifurcation investigated by fluid dynamic analyses. 2400 32

Understanding hemodynamics in blood circulation is crucial in order to unveil the mechanisms underlying the formation of stenosis and atherosclerosis. In fact, there are experimental evidences pointing out to the existence of some given vessel configurations that are more likely to develop the above mentioned pathologies. Along this manuscript, we performed an exhaustive investigation in a simplified model aiming to characterize by means of physical quantities those regions and configurations in vessel bifurcations that are more likely to develop such pathologies. The two-fold analysis is based, on the one hand, on numerical simulations (via CFD) and, on the other hand, on experiments realized in an ad-hoc designed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel with the appropriate parameters and appropriate fluid flows. The results obtained demonstrate that low velocity regions and low shear stress zones are located in the outer walls of bifurcations. In fact, we found that there is a critical range of bifurcation angles that is more likely to vascular disease than the others in correspondence with some experimental evidence. The effect of the inflow velocity on this critical range is also analyzed.
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PMID:Determination of hemodynamic risk for vascular disease in planar artery bifurcations. 2943 29

The guideline for the treatment of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) in adults has not been established although most centers tend to propose surgery. There is no clear evidence for the preferred selection of surgical repair versus conservatively medical treatment for the uncertain effects of both treatments. However, reports of sporadic aortic dissection (AD) of descending aorta (DAo) in IAA in adults before surgery drew our attention. It is quite perplexing because there seems to be no risk factors for the development of AD at DAo such as long-term uncontrolled hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm or genetic disorder. In this paper, we carried out the numerical investigation on the hemodynamics in a patient-specific IAA model, which was reconstructed from computed tomography images. Hemodynamic parameters including the flow pattern, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS) indicators were obtained. The simulation revealed that the jet flows from the collateral arteries (CAs) induced risk hemodynamic forces on the lumen wall including high time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), high pressure and rapid change of WSS direction throughout the cardiac cycle. Moreover, it is found that only a jet flow which circumferentially washes out the aortic wall might cause tears on the wall. It is concluded that the specific geometrical features of the extensive major CAs might result in the risky hemodynamics leading to the initiation and development of AD in this particular IAA patient. CFD analysis in IAA can provide a clinical reference, and the results should be further studied in depth in the future.
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PMID:Patient-specific Computational Hemodynamic Analysis for Interrupted Aortic Arch in an Adult: Implications for Aortic Dissection Initiation. 3119 21