Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factor-VIII-Related antigen (VIII R:Ag) is known to be produced by the blood vessel wall. Noxious stimuli increase endothelial release of VIII R:Ag. It might be expected that the development of vasculitis would be associated with increased levels of VIII R:Ag. To investigate this, eight different groups of subjects were studied: 25 patients with systemic sclerosis, 19 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 15 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) plus vasculitis, 19 with systemic vasculitis and 14 with atherosclerosis. These groups were compared to 29 patients with primary Raynaud's disease, 15 with RA without vasculitis and 50 controls. Results showed that where there was evidence of vascular disease, then VIII R:Ag was elevated. VIII R:Ag appeared to be a more specific marker for vascular damage than erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein. Longitudinal studies in 11 patients showed good correlation between progression of vascular disease and VIII R:Ag.
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PMID:Vascular damage and factor-VIII-related antigen in the rheumatic diseases. 311 42

Interactions in vivo between C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein B (apo-B)-containing lipoproteins were sought in inflammatory lesions and atherosclerosis. CRP was demonstrated immunohistochemically on the surface of some muscle fibres in locally induced inflammatory lesions in the rabbit, but apoB was not detected in the same distribution. CRP was not detected in catheter-induced aortic endothelial injuries in the rabbit, in arterial lesions containing apoB from cholesterol-fed rabbits, in apoB-containing human fatty streaks or in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical studies of C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein B in inflammatory and arterial lesions. 388 58

Immobilized rabbit and rat C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to selectively bind apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins (low density lipoprotein, LDL and very low density lipoprotein, VLDL) from whole serum in a manner similar to that previously reported with human CRP. In acute phase human serum the CRP is in a free form, not complexed with lipoprotein or any other macromolecular ligand, and in acute phase serum from most rabbits fed on a normal diet the rabbit CRP was also free. However, in acute phase serum or heparinized plasma from hypercholesterolemic rabbits part or all of the CRP was found by gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic techniques to be complexed with beta-VLDL, an abnormal apoB-containing plasma lipoprotein present in these animals. The presence of extent in different serum samples of CRP complexed with lipoprotein correlated closely with the serum apoB concentration. The formation of complexes between native, unaggregated rabbit CRP in solution and apoB-containing lipoproteins was readily demonstrable experimentally both with the isolated proteins and in whole serum. In all cases these interactions were calcium-dependent and inhibitable by free phosphoryl choline. The present findings extend earlier work in man and the rabbit and indicate that among the C-reactive proteins from different species, which are structurally highly conserved, the capacity for selective binding to apoB-containing plasma lipoproteins is also a constant feature. These interactions may therefore be related to the in vivo function of CRP in all species and this function may in turn be relevant to pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, in which lipoproteins are important.
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PMID:Rabbit and rat C-reactive proteins bind apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. 669 35

Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins comprise a family of apolipoproteins coded for by at least three genes with allelic variation and a high degree of homology between species. The synthesis of certain members of the family is greatly increased in inflammation. However, SAA is not often used as an acute-phase marker despite being at least as sensitive as C-reactive protein. SAA proteins can be considered as apolipoproteins since they associate with plasma lipoproteins mainly within the high density range, perhaps through amphipathic alpha-helical structure. It is not known why certain subjects expressing SAA develop secondary systemic amyloidosis. There is still no specific function attributed to SAA; however, a popular hypothesis suggests that SAA may modulate metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDL). This may impede the protective function of HDL against the development of atherosclerosis. The potential significance of the association between SAA and lipoproteins needs further evaluation.
Atherosclerosis 1993 Sep
PMID:Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein. 750 91

This study investigated the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality. Correlations were determined between lifestyle-related coronary heart disease risk markers (cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, and leisure time physical activity), biological risk markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure) on the one hand and the concentration of sialic acid as well as sialic acid-rich acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) on the other. A total of 145 men aged 21-46 years and with a C-reactive protein concentration below 5 mg/l were included. Total sialic acid concentration correlated significantly with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.48), number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.32), and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.23) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers. No significant partial correlations were found between serum total sialic acid concentration on the one hand and alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure on the other. Of the sialic acid-rich glycoproteins, orosomucoid correlated with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.38), haptoglobin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.35) and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.26) and alpha 1-antitrypsin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.18), leisure time physical activity (r = 0.17), alcohol consumption (r = -0.18), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.21) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers.
Atherosclerosis 1993 Nov
PMID:Serum concentrations of total sialic acid and sialoglycoproteins in relation to coronary heart disease risk markers. 750 25

We investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response. There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.
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PMID:Association of variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis and acute-phase with atherosclerosis in coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain. 766 18

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a glycoprotein in human plasma. We recently showed the localization of SAP in human atherosclerotic lesions by immunohistochemical staining. In this study, the presence of SAP in atherosclerotic lesions was confirmed, and the biochemical character of SAP in atherosclerotic intima was investigated and compared with that of native SAP. Atherosclerotic intima was sequentially extracted with 2 mmol/L CaCl2-Tris-buffered saline (TBS), 10 mmol/L EDTA-TBS, 3 mol/L guanidine-TBS, and collagenase digestion. The character of SAP in each extract was studied with double immunodiffusion, electroimmunoassay, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and Western immunoblotting. The total amount of SAP in atherosclerotic intima was 190 +/- 64 micrograms/g wet tissue with an SAP-albumin ratio of 1:22.7, which is 44 times higher than the relative plasma ratio of 1:1000. This suggests that SAP is specifically localized in atherosclerotic lesions. SAP from the intima was indistinguishable from plasma or purified SAP with respect to immunological character and molecular weight. However, electrophoretic mobility and the binding of SAP to atherosclerotic intima appeared heterogeneous. Of total extractable SAP, about 43% appeared in the CaCl2-TBS fraction, 25% in the EDTA-TBS fraction, and 32% in the collagenase digestion fraction. SAP is one of the two pentraxins in human plasma; the other is C-reactive protein, which has also been reported to locate in atherosclerotic lesions. Our findings suggest a role for SAP in atherogenesis and encourage efforts to determine more precisely the physiological contributions of the pentraxin family to the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Characterization of serum amyloid P component from human aortic atherosclerotic lesions. 774 34

The relation of serum glycoproteins and C-reactive protein (CRP) to severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 133 men and 92 women undergoing coronary angiography. The following serum glycoproteins were determined: alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C4b binding protein, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. Sex- and age-adjusted levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoproteins, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, Lp(a) and CRP were significantly associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis as determined by the Gensini score; these associations remained significant even after adjustment for body-mass index, smoking history, hypertension, and total cholesterol, except for Lp(a) (p = 0.075). These findings suggest that certain serum glycoproteins and CRP can serve as independent indicators for the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Serum glycoproteins and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. 783 94

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common diseases in the elderly. The arteritis usually affects medium sized vessels, but large vessel involvement can also occur leading to arm claudication, bruits, loss of pulses and pallor of the upper extremities. The differential diagnosis of large vessel arteritis includes atherosclerosis and Takayasu's disease. Atherosclerosis, which affects patients of similar age to GCA is usually confined to the lower limbs and can be differentiated on the basis of the clinical setting and investigations such as the ESR, arteriography and temporal artery biopsy. Takayasu's arteritis' although histologically and arteriographically indistinguishable from GCA, is predominantly a disease of young women. A patient is described who presented with upper limb ischemia. A clinical examination revealed absence of right radial pulses and presence of murmurs at level of the carotids. The blood pressure was unrecordable in the upper right limb. The ESR was 102 mm/hr and the C-reactive protein was 11.66 mg/dl. A selective arteriography of the aortic arch and its branches revealed a right subclavian artery obstruction with good collateral circulation and a left subclavian artery stenosis. The biopsy of left temporal artery showed a typical GCA in acute stage. Treatment with prednisolone 30 mg/day was started and four weeks later, the ESR had fallen to normal. In addition this case confirms that PMR implies a systemic arteritis.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica presenting as subclavian artery obstruction]. 823 15

Hyperinsulinemia, a major indicator of insulin resistance, may exert its influence on the risk of coronary artery disease partially through disturbances of the hemostatic system. The relations of fasting insulin concentrations with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis, other coronary risk factors (including some markers of the insulin resistance syndrome such as body mass index and triglyceride), markers of inflammation, and hemostatic factors were investigated in 1484 patients with angina pectoris. Mean insulin levels were higher in patients with one or more coronary vessel stenoses than in those without (9.9 microU/mL compared with 9.0 microU/mL, P < .0001). However, the association the presence of vessel stenoses was stronger in patients with a previous myocardial infarction than in those without. Insulin increased markedly (P < .0001) and independently of other risk factors with age body mass index, triglyceride concentration, and markers of inflammation, such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein. The strongest relations between insulin and hemostatic factors were observed with fibrinolytic variables, particularly plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels (r = .44, P < .0001). This relation decreased somewhat (r = .29) after simultaneous adjustment for markers of the insulin resistance syndrome, mainly body mass index and triglycerides, but not after adjustment for markers of inflammation. Therefore, we propose that increased PAI-1 levels, which are essentially related to the classic metabolic aspect of the insulin resistance syndrome, have to be included in this syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Involvement of the hemostatic system in the insulin resistance syndrome. A study of 1500 patients with angina pectoris. The ECAT Angina Pectoris Study Group. 824 Nov 9


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