Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute myocardial ischemia, which results from a significant imbalance between myocardial oxygen demands and myocardial oxygen supply, occurs in as many as six million persons with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in the United States. Accordingly, a clear understanding of the physiologic and pathophysiologic factors that influence coronary artery blood flow is important to the clinician and provides the basis for the judicious use of medications for the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. This review discusses the endothelial, metabolic, myogenic, and neurohumoral mechanisms of coronary blood flow regulation and the interaction of the different mechanisms in the regulation of coronary blood flow. The importance of nitric oxide in coronary blood flow regulation is emphasized. We also discuss the common clinical problems of hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, and systemic arterial hypertension that result in coronary artery endothelial dysfunction, the impaired production and increased inactivation of nitric oxide, and impairment in coronary blood flow regulation. This information is important to clinicians because more than forty million people in the United States have atherosclerotic or hypertensive heart disease and therefore are at risk for significant myocardial complications due to impairment of coronary blood flow regulation.
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PMID:Coronary artery blood flow: physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation. 1062 79

Forty-three cardiac allografts (39 autopsies and 4 surgically resected hearts) showing chronic rejection-defined as greater than 75% narrowing of one or more major coronary arteries (MCA) with or without severe narrowing of intramyocardial coronary arteries (ICA)-were studied histologically. MCA showed purely concentric narrowing in 24 patients (56%), and 19 patients (44%) showed eccentric narrowing in some arteries. Fibrofatty (collipid) plaques were seen in 54%, abundant foam cells sans free lipid in 33%, purely fibrous plaques in 14%, and calcification in 9%. Four pathologic alterations separated graft atherosclerosis from usual atherosclerosis: (i) the presence in the MCA and/or ICA of either active or healed vasculitis, (ii) outer medial defects attributable to mediolysis and/or foam cell transformation in the MCA, (iii) the diffuse nature of the atherosclerotic-like changes, and (iv) obliterative narrowing of the ICA. No difference was found between early and late survivors with regard to features of graft atherosclerosis. The majority of the patients studied had received steroid-based immunosuppression. MCA and/or ICA active vasculitis was observed in the absence of acute myocardial rejection in some patients. ICA showed intimal thickening in 37% of patients, active vasculitis in 21%, healed vasculitis in 7%, and combination of the latter two changes in 12%. Acute myocardial ischemia, present in 33 hearts (77%), had the following distribution: subendocardial in 42%, focal in 36%, and regional transmural in 21%. Myocytolysis (83%), coagulative necrosis (26%), and contraction band necrosis (16%) were noted. Replacement fibrosis of the myocardium was frequently observed (44%), followed by interstitial (33%) and perivascular fibrosis (1%). Patients with chronic rejection showed no difference with regard to the incidence and severity of rejection episodes during life compared with patients without chronic rejection.
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PMID:Pathology of chronic cardiac rejection: An analysis of the epicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries and myocardial alterations in 43 human allografts. 2599 May 19

Objective To observe the changes of metabolomics in the evolution process of blockade of heart vessel syndrome (BHVS). Methods The formation of BHVS in three stages were sim- ulated by using high-fat forage and ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Increased blood lipid was in the early stage of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) group. Atherosclerosis (AS) was formed in the middle stage of BSS group (sub-BSS). Coronary artery was ligated on the basis of AS was the 3rd stage of BSS (BHVS group). There were 8 rats in each group. Totally 24 rats was used as the blank con- trol group and each stage had 8 rats. The changes of metabolite contents were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares method (PLS) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) among different groups. Results (1) In the 32 kinds of identified metabolites, citric acid was closest associated with the evolution process of BHVS, followed by cholesterol, inositol, ornithine, proline, isoleucine, octadecanoic acid, lactic acid, urea, leucine, linoleic acid, mannose. (2) Metabolic markers in the three stages: octadecanoic acid, lactic acid (positively correlated) , and mannose (negatively correlated) in the early stage of BSS. Ornithine, proline, inositol (positively correla- ted) , and isoleucine (negatively correlated) in the middle stage of BSS (sub-BSS). Leucine, isoleucine, citric acid (positively correlated) , and lactic acid (negatively correlated) in the BHVS stage. Conclusions High fat diet causes disordered in vivo lipid metabolism in pre-stage BSS, and the organism initiates anti- inflammation. Continued high fat diet leads to disordered urea cycle, imbalanced intestinal flora, changed vascular morphology, and liver dysfunction in the sub-BSS stage. Acute myocardial ischemia leads to glucose metabolism disorder in the BHVS stage.
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PMID:[Research on Dynamic Evolution of Blockade of Heart Vessel Syndrome Based on Metabonomics]. 3065 Feb 97