Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the microrelief of the intima of coronary arteries in 11 cases of sudden death due to acute coronary insufficiency. In areas of macroscopically intact intima and in zones of minimal atherosclerotic lesions in patients dying of acute coronary insufficiency there were disorganization of intima microrelief with zones of flattening of folds of the first order, the appearance of microplaques with ulceration, dystrophic calcification which reflect early manifestations of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Another group of lesions (diendothelization of the intima with initial signs of parietal thrombus formation) characterizes the functional state of the vessel and serves an indirect criterion of acutely developing spasm of the coronary artery.
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PMID:[Microrelief of the coronary artery intima in sudden death]. 706 19

The diagnostic test with dipyridamol was carried out in 83 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cardialgias of various genesis, with diagnosis verified by coronarography and veloergometry. IHD patients after dipyridamol had angina pectoris attacks with or without ischaemic changes on ECG, which points to latent coronary insufficiency. The appearance of an anginal attack with the depression of the ST segment is typical of IHD with stenosing coronary atherosclerosis, as a rule, with developed collateral vessels. As to sensitivity and specificity in detecting IHD the dipyridamol test is equal to the bicycle ergometry tests. With the results of both tests considered the frequency rate of detection of IHD is increased. The dipyridamol test is recommended for diagnosis of IHD in therapeutic and cardiological hospitals.
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PMID:[Value of dipyridamole test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. 730 Jan 2

Hearts of 38 men dying suddenly of acute coronary insufficiency and autopsied within 3 hours after death were examined. Foci of acute ischemic injuries in different parts of the myocardium were studied by histochemical methods for which the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase were determined. Early ischemic lesions in the myocardium were found in 22 fatalities, of them 5 had acute myocardial infarction, in 9 foci of ischemia were combined with the presence of postinfarction scars and fine focal cardiosclerosis, in 8 cases foci of early ischemia were the only changes in the myocardium. The majority of the decreased had stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Localization of ischemia foci in the myocardium did not always correspond to the severity of stenosing or the presence of thrombosis of the artery supplying the corresponding parts of the heart muscle. No foci of ischemia in the myocardium were found in 16 decreased who also had quite marked coronary atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Early ischemic injuries of the myocardium in sudden cardiac death]. 742 69

Persistent inappropriate blood pressure elevation leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, progressive atherosclerosis, and structural changes in the arterial tree. These changes result in clinical manifestations such as ischemic cardiac and cerebral events, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular insufficiency. This article reviews the 5-year course of 439 patients with primary hypertension who were seen at a time (1946-1953) when potent antihypertensive therapy was not widely used. At the end of 5 years, 55% of the men (78 of 143) and 28% of the women (83 of 296) were dead. The principal causes of death were coronary insufficiency, congestive heart failure, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, accelerated hypertension, renal failure, and dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Coronary insufficiency and accelerated hypertension predominated in men, whereas women died principally of cerebral events and congestive heart failure. The 439 patients were stratified according to the level of their office blood pressure on the first visit, the severity of the changes in the optic fundi, the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy determined by electrocardiogram, cardiac enlargement determined by roentgenogram and their renal function, as measures of end-organ damage. Patients who had higher initial blood pressures showed more evidence of end-organ damage than patients with lower initial pressures. The higher the initial blood pressure or the more advanced the evidence of end-organ damage, the greater was the 5-year mortality. The mortality was particularly high in patients who had already sustained a clinical cardiovascular event before entry into the study and in those with malignant hypertension or gross cardiomegaly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Retrospective and prospective research on hypertension-related end-organ damage. 760 71

We studied risk factors and the relationship of lacunes to diabetes mellitus, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and also to intellectual impairment, comparing brain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) findings to the multiple risk factors and the results of a cube-handdrawing test. Brain MRI was performed using a Shimazu SMT-150, 1.5 Tesla, in 118 asymptomatic NIDDM and 39 asymptomatic nondiabetic patients. In diabetics, 65 had lacunes and the incidence of lacunes was significantly higher in diabetics with coronary insufficiency by ECG and hypertension, but not significantly different in those with or without the other risk factors. Cube hand-drawing is a good indication of space cognition ability supported by the wide association areas of the brain. Drawing was tested in 41 diabetics and 39 nondiabetics. Correlation of lacunes to deformity in drawing and age was high in both diabetics and nondiabetics. Multiple lacunes were closely related to intellectual impairment.
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PMID:Asymptomatic lacunes and their relationship to intellectual disturbances. 791 15

The author reviews the pathophysiology of angina pectoris. The first part concerns to the regulation of coronary blood flow: 1. Determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption (preload, afterload,contractility, heart rate); 2. Factors that control the myocardial oxygen supply (perfusion pressure, coronary vascular resistance). The second part concerns the coronary insufficiency and its clinical consequences (angina pectoris, myocardium infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, primary cardiac arrest. The third part concerns the principal pathophysiologic mechanisms of the stable angina and of the unstable angina (progression of atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation, thrombosis and/or alterations in vasomotor tone).
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PMID:[The physiopathology of angina pectoris]. 934 Oct 18

Refractory angina pectoris in coronary artery disease is defined as the persistence of severe anginal symptoms despite maximal conventional antianginal combination therapy. Further, the option to use an invasive revascularization procedure such as percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty or aortocoronary bypass grafting must be excluded on the basis of a recent coronary angiogram. This coronary syndrome, which represents end-stage coronary artery disease, is characterized by severe coronary insufficiency but only moderately impaired left ventricular function. Almost all patients demonstrated severe coronary triple-vessel disease with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis, had had one or more myocardial infarctions, and had undergone aortocoronary bypass grafting (70% of cases). We present three new approaches with antiischemic properties: long-term intermittent urokinase therapy, transcutaneous and spinal cord electrical nerve stimulation, and transmyocardial laser revascularization.
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PMID:Refractory angina pectoris in end-stage coronary artery disease: evolving therapeutic concepts. 935 24

The data on coronarography, conducted in clinic to 1249 patients in 1994-1996 yrs., and intraoperative data, obtained in the patients with a coronaris dextra (ACD) affection and its concurrent affection with a coronaris sinistra (ACS) operated on in clinic in 1974-1996 yrs., were analyzed. It was established that the frequency of severe affection of endothelium of ACD while the existence of the left coronary blood circulation (CBC) type 2.5 times as higher than that while the presence of its right or balanced kinds. The most frequent atherosclerosis occurrence in the proximal ACD portion creates the anatomical prerequisites for the broad application of surgical treatment methods of coronary insufficiency.
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PMID:[Anatomical types of coronary circulation and various lesions of the right coronary artery]. 944 Sep 83

An angiographic study of coronary bed status and relationships of insulin, cortisol, somatotropin (ST), T3, T4, glucose in 109 Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) patients aged 47 +/- 0.8 years was performed at rest and during veloergometric stress-test ischemia modelling of exercise tolerance in early (21-26 days) and late (> 5 years) follow-up. The hormones level was found to be significantly related to coronary insufficiency as a result of coronary atherosclerosis both at rest and during muscular stress-test. Coronary failure limiting activity of metabolic processes in the myocardium by chronic hypoxia induces changed proportion of hormones regulating energy metabolism processes. In MI hypometabolic syndrome is developing with specific hormonal "ischemic profile" in which during exercise insulin and thyroxin become leading hormones regulating intracellular exchange of energy; the level of cortisol and ST decreases. Increased need in glucose as a main energy substrate during ischemia and therefore in insulin leads to disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in 33% of patients recorded 3-5 years after MI. The above metabolic changes manifest with increased glucose tolerance and/or clinical signs of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Coronary insufficiency and metabolic hormone ratio in patients with myocardial infarction in the course of a long prospective study]. 1121 Mar 45

Coronary insufficiency affects 55% of insulin-dependant diabetics and is responsible for 60% of deaths in this population. Its particular severity is essentially due to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, which is usually multi-vessel, involves both large trunks and microcirculation, is made of frequently lipid-rich and therefore fragile plaques, and is accompanied by abnormal but specific reactions of the arterial wall (tendency to vasoconstriction and increased neointimal proliferation after trauma). Coronary atherosclerosis is also often associated with HT, lower limb arteriopathy or cerebral atherosclerosis. Quality of blood glucose control, other organic lesions of diabetes (nephropathy, retinopathy), disturbances of platelet function and dyslipidaemias (hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, increased levels of highly atherogenic small LDL particles) are also involved in the development of coronary insufficiency. A precise knowledge of the diseases to be treated and their particularly rigorous prevention and treatment can improve the prognosis of coronary insufficiency in diabetics.
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PMID:[Treatment of coronary insufficiency in diabetics. Part 1: objectives and targets]. 1255 54


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