Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors describe 5 male patients aged 38 to 69 years with cardiac diseases, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis in whom cortical blindness developed suddenly associated with other symptoms such as asynergia (4 cases), delirium (3 cases) and pyramidal syndrome (in 2 cases). In 3 cases the outcome was lethal due to brainstem damage. In all cases lesions of both occipital lobes were demonstrated by means of computerized tomography (4 cases) or autopsy (3 cases). In 3 cases the vertebral artery was occluded and in 1 case it was stenosed. Presence of additional symptoms makes possible intravital diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and arteriography is not indicated in such cases. The treatment is conservative.
 ...
PMID:[Cortical blindness after vertebral artery occlusion]. 715 83

Age-related macular degeneration is the most frequent cause of blindness in the elderly. A vascular basis of the disease has been suggested, but not confirmed. The association between atherosclerosis and this type of macular degeneration was investigated in 104 subjects with and 1,324 subjects without macular degeneration as part of the population-based Rotterdam Study. The study was performed between March 1990 and July 1993 in a suburb of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Macular degeneration was assessed on fundus photographs. Carotid atherosclerosis was ultrasonographically evaluated by measurement of the common carotid intima-media thickness and by assessment of the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis in arteries of the lower extremities was studied by determination of the ankle-arm systolic blood pressure ratio. In subjects younger than age 85 years, plaques in the carotid bifurcation were associated with a 4.7 times increased prevalence odds of macular degeneration (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-12.2); those with plaques in the common carotid artery showed an increased prevalence odds of 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.5). The intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries was not significantly different. Lower extremity arterial disease (ankle-arm index less than 0.90 on at least one side) was associated with a 2.5 times increased prevalence odds (95% CI 1.4-4.5). These findings suggest that atherosclerosis may be involved in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration.
 ...
PMID:Age-related macular degeneration is associated with atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. 762 5

A case of bilateral blindness in a 47-year-old patient after buccal tumorectomy and bilateral neck dissection is reported. The diagnosis of posterior optic ischaemia was substantiated by the features of blindness and the negativity of cerebral CT-scanography and NMR imaging. The respective roles of atherosclerosis, arterial hypotension, acute anaemia and increased intracranial pressure are discussed. Preventive measures include a strict control of blood pressure, blood loss and head position.
 ...
PMID:[Postoperative blindness after buccal tumorectomy and bilateral radical neck dissection]. 767 84

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome initially characterized by a loss of glucose homeostasis. The disease is progressive and is associated with high risk of atherosclerosis, kidney and nerve damage as well as blindness. Abnormalities in the regulation of peroxide and transition metal metabolism are postulated to result in establishment of the disease as well as its longer term complications. Diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative reactions, particularly those which are catalyzed by decompartmentalized transition metals, but their causative significance in diabetic tissue damage remains to be established.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes mellitus and free radicals. Free radicals, transition metals and oxidative stress in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus and complications. 822 Oct 29

Many neurological disorders have been described in combination with sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary retinopathy. We present the clinicopathological case of such a combination, associated with premature atherosclerosis of large cerebral arteries. In the literature dealing with the combination of deafness and pigmentary retinopathy, none of the many described syndromes was associated with premature atherosclerosis. The mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, early atherosclerosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome can include deafness and blindness. In this syndrome small cerebral arteries are affected. In our case we did not find electron microscopic evidence of mitochondrial myopathy. Also the syndrome with encephalopathy, deafness, blindness and ataxia in young women is attributed to microangiopathy with small brain infarcts and retinal infarcts. In contrast, in our case, large cerebral arteries are affected. In the reverse order, none of the conditions with early atherosclerosis has been reported in combination with sensorineural deafness and pigmentary retinopathy. There is some similarity of our case to cases of Usher syndrome, type II. In the Usher syndrome, plasma lipid disturbances have been described and neuroradiological evidence of decreased circulation in the posterior cerebral circulation has been published. We suggest that in cases of congenital or acquired oto-ophthalmo-neurological disease the cerebral circulation and the lipid metabolism should be analyzed.
 ...
PMID:A congenital syndrome of mental deficiency, gait disturbance, sensorineural deafness and pigmentary retinopathy associated with premature atherosclerosis. 852 24

Recent studies have implicated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as septic shock, arthritis, lung disease, and atherosclerosis. Nitric oxide (.NO) exerts many diverse effects on vascular tone, affecting neurotransmission and cellular cytotoxicity/communication. Our laboratory and others have documented a proinflammatory role for .NO in ocular inflammation. Uveitis, which is an inflammation of the highly vascular uveal tract in the eye, is a debilitating condition that can lead to visual impairment and blindness. It is characterized by acute, recurrent, or persistent inflammation with disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and is accompanied by protein leakage and leukocyte infiltration into the aqueous humor and anterior chamber. Systemic injection of endotoxin into mice and rats, or intraocular injection of endotoxin into mice, rats, and rabbits induces acute uveitis, which clinically and histologically resembles acute anterior uveitis in humans. These models facilitate the study of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to ocular inflammation. In addition to .NO, superoxide anion radicals (O2.-), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the products of the reaction between .NO and O2.-, are also implicated in uveitis. The role of peroxynitrite in ocular inflammation is still largely unknown. Characterization of the roles of these important uveitic mediators in the ocular inflammatory response will provide information critical to the understanding of the pathogenesis of intraocular inflammation so that more effective therapeutic intervention(s) can be developed.
 ...
PMID:Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production in ocular inflammation. 978 89

Morbidity and mortality in diabetes are caused mainly by its vascular complications, both in the microcirculation and in the large vessels. Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the clinical hallmarks of microangiopathy, which may lead to end-stage renal failure and blindness. The cardiovascular complications in diabetes consist mainly of an accelerated form of atherosclerosis. Systemic hypertension is an early and frequent phenomenon. Nocturnal hypertension is also more frequent in people with diabetes compared with the nondiabetic population. Capillary hypertension has been demonstrated in type 1 diabetic patients. Poor metabolic control may induce elevation in blood pressure, but data are conflicting. The prevalence of white-coat hypertension in the diabetic population is comparable with that in the nondiabetic population. Prospective observational studies in type 1 and type 2 patients have revealed that abnormally increased urinary albumin excretion and other potentially modifiable risk factors--such as hypertension, smoking, poor metabolic control, and social class--predict increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Arterial hypertension is a risk factor in the initiation and progression of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy. Diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are the three most important risk factors for fatal and nonfatal stroke. A randomized, double-blind, parallel study has revealed that the 5-year major cardiovascular disease rate was lowered by 34% for antihypertensive treatment compared with placebo. Furthermore, the study found a trend for lower all-cause mortality for low-dose antihypertensive-treated diabetic patients. Effective blood pressure reduction with ACE inhibitors and/or non-ACE inhibitors, frequently in combination with diuretics, reduces albuminuria, delays the progression of nephropathy, postpones end-stage renal failure, and improves survival in diabetic nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:Diabetic hypertensive patients. Is this a group in need of particular care and attention? 1009 4

Chlamydia are obligate intracellular eubacteria that are phylogenetically separated from other bacterial divisions. C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae are both pathogens of humans but differ in their tissue tropism and spectrum of diseases. C. pneumoniae is a newly recognized species of Chlamydia that is a natural pathogen of humans, and causes pneumonia and bronchitis. In the United States, approximately 10% of pneumonia cases and 5% of bronchitis cases are attributed to C. pneumoniae infection. Chronic disease may result following respiratory-acquired infection, such as reactive airway disease, adult-onset asthma and potentially lung cancer. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection has been associated with atherosclerosis. C. trachomatis infection causes trachoma, an ocular infection that leads to blindness, and sexually transmitted diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy and epididymitis. Although relatively little is known about C. trachomatis biology, even less is known concerning C. pneumoniae. Comparison of the C. pneumoniae genome with the C. trachomatis genome will provide an understanding of the common biological processes required for infection and survival in mammalian cells. Genomic differences are implicated in the unique properties that differentiate the two species in disease spectrum. Analysis of the 1,230,230-nt C. pneumoniae genome revealed 214 protein-coding sequences not found in C. trachomatis, most without homologues to other known sequences. Prominent comparative findings include expansion of a novel family of 21 sequence-variant outer-membrane proteins, conservation of a type-III secretion virulence system, three serine/threonine protein kinases and a pair of parologous phospholipase-D-like proteins, additional purine and biotin biosynthetic capability, a homologue for aromatic amino acid (tryptophan) hydroxylase and the loss of tryptophan biosynthesis genes.
 ...
PMID:Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. 1019 88

Diabetes-specific microvascular disease is a leading cause of blindness, renal failure and nerve damage, and diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputation. Four main molecular mechanisms have been implicated in glucose-mediated vascular damage. All seem to reflect a single hyperglycaemia-induced process of overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. This integrating paradigm provides a new conceptual framework for future research and drug discovery.
 ...
PMID:Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. 1174 14

Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide as we enter the new millennium. The World Health Organization (WHO) has commented there is 'an apparent epidemic of diabetes which is strongly related to lifestyle and economic change'. Over the next decade the projected number will exceed 200 million, possibly reaching 250 million persons. Most will have type 2 diabetes and all are at risk of the development of complications. Better education, improved nutrition, more exercise, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative. Diabetes is a serious disease, subject to the development of many complications affecting large vessels (heart, cerebral and peripheral), small vessels (kidney and retina), nerves and other organs. In type 2 diabetes these complications may precede diagnosis of the disease by many years. The process continues inexorably, with premature mortality and morbidity mainly from the development of vascular disease. Data from the WHO confirm the principal role of non-communicable disease on mortality in developed countries, while mortality in developing countries is rising rapidly, now often exceeding communicable disease. The non-communicable diseases are divided into cancer and degenerative diseases. In the developed world, degenerative diseases are grouped to include ischaemic heart disease, stroke, renal failure, hypertension and other macro- and microvascular diseases. The major complications of diabetes encountered most frequently and with the greatest impact are: 1. Neuropathy, both peripheral and autonomic, with principal manifestations in the lower limbs 2. Microvascular disease, mainly affecting the retina and kidney, resulting in blindness and renal failure 3. Macrovascular disease, presenting with atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries causing ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease causing stroke and peripheral vascular disease contributing to diabetic gangrene.
 ...
PMID:The economic burden of insulin resistance. 1196 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>