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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Utilizing the polyvinyl sponge-implant model in the rabbit we have previously demonstrated modification in low density lipoproteins (LDL) of interstitial tissue fluid obtained in association with a cellular inflammatory response. In order to examine the interaction between the inflammatory response and lipoproteins from hypercholesterolemic rabbits, 30 male, New Zealand White rabbits were fed standard chow supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol for 4 weeks prior to sponge implantation. Lipoproteins were prepared from interstitial inflammatory fluid (IF) as well as homologous whole plasma (WP). Total IF cholesterol was positively correlated with plasma cholesterol (459 +/- 43 vs. 1485 +/- 130 mg/dl, means +/- SEM, r = 0.81, P less than 0.01). Distribution of lipoproteins in IF was similar to WP in both particle size and density. Beta-migrating VLDL were the predominant particles in both WP and IF, containing 43.7 +/- 3.4 and 42.2 +/- 5.1% of WP and IF cholesterol, respectively. IF-VLDL were similar to WP-VLDL in lipid and apoprotein composition, morphology and particle size distribution. We conclude from these data that the observed dramatic alterations in lipoprotein distribution in response to a dietary cholesterol challenge in rabbit plasma is essentially unaltered in interstitial inflammatory fluid obtained from these animals.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Aug
PMID:Effect of cholesterol feeding on lipoprotein distribution in interstitial inflammatory fluid of the rabbit. 638 11

The effect of cigarette smoking on other cardiovascular risk factors, serum lipids, body weight, blood pressure and blood sugar was assessed in a randomized control trial of reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking. In the intervention group (n = 107), reported cigarette use fell from 28.5 +/- 1.2 (+/- SEM) to 10.6 +/- 1.2 cigarettes/day and serum thiocyanate, a biochemical indicator of the extent of tobacco exposure, decreased -42.8 +/- 5.5 mumol/l (P less than 0.001). Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in reported cigarette consumption and serum thiocyanate and significant (P less than 0.05) increases in body weight and skinfold thickness. Change in thiocyanate correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) and inversely with change in HDL-C, body weight and skinfold thickness, but not with change in LDL-C, triglycerides or blood pressure. These relationships remained significant even after adjusting in multivariate analysis, for initial measurements of these variables or regression to the mean. For those who quit smoking (n = 35) HDL-C increased 5.9 +/- 1.7 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). The usual inverse relationship between body weight and HDL-C does not exist with cessation of cigarette smoking. Thus, benefits of stopping cigarette smoking extend to favourable alterations in HDL-C and there are no adverse effects on blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides or LDL-C.
Atherosclerosis 1984 Nov
PMID:Effect of cigarette smoking cessation on risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. A control clinical trial. 651 73

Leukocyte margination and migration into nascent atherosclerotic lesion have been suggested as two early events in aortic atherosclerosis. It has also been suggested that altered endothelial cell function may mediate the margination process. In this paper we present quantitative data on leukocyte adherence to the luminal aspect of the aortic endothelium and correlate it with severity of atherosclerosis and extent of endothelial cell turnover. Both naturally occurring and cholesterol induced atherosclerotic lesions were studied. The sites of endothelial cell turnover were determined by scanning electron microscope whole mount autoradiography of 3H-thymidine labeled aortas. Morphometric analysis of atherosclerosis severity and leukocyte adhesion was accomplished by stereological analysis of conventional SEM preparations. Leukocyte adherence was localized in atherosclerosis susceptible areas of the aorta and increased dramatically over atherosclerotic lesions. Endothelial cell turnover also increased in atherosclerotic areas as indicated by an increase in the number of labeled nuclei found over lesions. Both leukocyte adherence and endothelial cell turnover occurred over the entire extent of the lesions studied, but were particularly prevalent at the growing edge of the lesions.
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PMID:Concurrent endothelial cell turnover and leukocyte margination in early atherosclerosis. 664 51

Previous studies on cholesterol-induced sudanophilic lesions in rabbit aortas showed that the earliest lesions were periorificial with the greatest involvement distal to branch sites. In order to determine if there is a relationship between endothelial cell morphology and the regional differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis we compared cell morphology distal to several aortic ostia and away from ostia. We examined the en face morphology of the intimal surface. Vascular casts were made of silver stained normal aortae. The surface was micrographed by SEM. Cell outlines were entered into a computer to calculate three parameters: the cell orientation index which indicates the cell shape, the en face cell area, and the distance between centers index which gives the position of the center of area with respect to the center of a longitudinal axis drawn through the cell. Differences were found between the region distal to branch sites and the region away from branch sites. Differences were also found between the regions distal to different branch sites. The complex variation of morphology led to no conclusive relationship between endothelial cell morphology and atherogenesis in the non-cholesterol-fed rabbit.
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PMID:Relationship between aortic endothelial cell morphology and atherosclerosis in rabbits. 664 52

Since the fat content of a single meal influences chylomicron size and hence intestinal apoprotein synthesis, we determined the chronic effects of the daily distribution of fat intake on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Eight normal male subjects ingested 100 g of fat (a) as a bolus at the evening meal (SL) or (b) equally distributed over 4 meals (q4h) (DL). Each diet was consumed for 7 days; studies were performed 14 days apart using a crossover design and paired comparisons. Nutrient intake and body weight were held constant. At the end of the DL dietary regimen, fasting plasma concentrations of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly increased as compared to the SL phase of study (TC: 174 +/- 2.9 (mean +/- SEM) vs 161 +/- 2.7; LDL-C: 108 +/- 3.2 vs 98 +/- 3.3 and HDL-C: 53 +/- 1.1 vs 48 +/- 0.8) (P less than 0.05). The consumption of 100 g/day of fat in several small meals results in a sustained increase in LDL-C and HDL-C. This may be due to increased synthesis of lipoprotein components (e.g. apoprotein A-I) or to altered metabolism of intestinal and hepatic TG-rich lipoproteins dependent on size, number and apoprotein composition.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Apr
PMID:Sustained alterations in lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations dependent on the daily distribution of lipid intake. 668 61

The levels of apolipoproteins B, E and A-1 and the molecular species of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were individually quantitated by electroimmunoassay and gas chromatographic total lipid profiling in 50 fresh samples of umbilical cord sera obtained from full term, normal delivery, healthy human neonates. All samples were screened for IgA to eliminate those samples with maternal blood contamination. The whole serum apolipoprotein levels in mg/dl +/- SEM for all neonates were; Apo B = 25.4 +/- 1.2; Apo E = 5.0 +/- 0.3; Apo A-1 = 86.6 +/- 2.3. These values represented 25% and 60% of adult serum values for Apo B and A-1, respectively, with normal adult values for Apo E. Apo A-1 was higher (P less than 0.020) in sera from female when compared to male neonates. The whole serum lipid values in mg/dl +/- SEM for all neonates were: 20.8 +/- 2.0 for triacylglycerols; 74.2 +/- 2.6 for lecithin and sphingomyelin; 79.8 +/- 2.7 for cholesteryl esters and 20.4 +/- 0.8 for unesterified cholesterol. Phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and total cholesterol levels were higher (P less than 0.025) in sera from female neonates when compared to males. The proportion of unesterified cholesterol relative to cholesteryl esters was high in comparison to adult sera, however the total cholesterol to phospholipid ratios were similar. The molecular species of cord sera triacylglycerols indicated a decreased proportion of C16 fatty acids with increased C18 and C20 when compared to adult sera. The molecular species of cord sera phospholipids similarly contained a decreased proportion of C16/18 fatty acids with increased C18/20 or C16/22 fatty acid combinations when compared to adults. The cord sera cholesteryl esters contained a significantly higher proportion of cholesterol esterified to C16 fatty acids with decreased amounts of cholesterol esterified to C18 and C20 fatty acids when compared to adults. Good correlations were obtained between Apo B and total serum cholesterol (R = 0.77) and also between Apo B and total serum triacylglycerols (R = 0.78).
Atherosclerosis 1984 Apr
PMID:The lipoproteins of human umbilical cord blood apolipoprotein and lipid levels. 672

Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by radioimmunoassay in supernatants of isolated glomeruli from rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes and non-diabetic rats. Production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by discs of aortas from these rats was measured at the same time. As shown before, aortic discs from diabetic rats produced significantly less 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha than aortic discs from non-diabetic rats (diabetic 1.99 +/- SEM 0.27 ng v non-diabetic 2.92 +/- 0.46 ng/mg net weight aorta; p less than 0.05). In contrast production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by isolated glomeruli was not reduced in the diabetic rats (diabetic 77 +/- 7 pg v non-diabetic 70 +/- 8 pg/micrograms glomerular DNA). Similarly production of PGE2 was not diminished in the diabetic glomeruli (diabetic 1.20 +/- 0.15 ng v non-diabetic 0.91 +/- 0.12 ng/microgram glomerular DNA). It is concluded that regional differences in production of prostacyclin and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha occur in experimental diabetes. Diminished prostacyclin production may contribute to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to atherosclerosis but is less likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of microangiopathy.
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PMID:Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 by isolated glomeruli from normal and diabetic rats. 680 6

Since 1966, 29 patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis have been encountered. The mean (+/- SEM) internal between initial carotid endarterectomy and secondary presentation was 67.5 +/- 9.2 months (range 6 to 180 months). There was a disproportionate number of women with recurrent stenosis. The mean age at initial endarterectomy in patients with recurrent stenosis, 54.6 +/- 1.4 years, was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that of all patients who had endarterectomy. To define the etiologic factors for recurrence, 21 of these patients were matched with case-control patients of the same age and sex who had undergone endarterectomy the same year but did not develop recognized recurrent stenosis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, bilateral carotid disease, other vascular operations, or family history for atherosclerosis in patients with recurrent stenosis compared to control patients. The indications for primary endarterectomy, angiographic distribution of disease, and operative details were similar in both groups. There was no difference in the incidence of regular, therapeutic aspirin ingestion following initial endarterectomy (52.5% in both groups). There was a striking difference in smoking habits. Ninety-five percent of patients with recurrent stenosis continued to smoke following initial endarterectomy, compared to 23.8% of control patients (P less than 0.001). Lipid fractionation studies were performed in both groups, and there were no significant differences in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Dose-response platelet aggregometry detected no differences between groups in the sensitivity of platelets to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and epinephrine. Reoperation in patients with recurrent stenosis was associated with minimal morbidity, no deaths, and generally excellent results.
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PMID:Etiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis. 682 70

The effect of isocaloric high and low carbohydrate (Carb) diets on the structure and apoprotein composition of plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) was assessed in four healthy men. The high Carb diet contained 65% calories as Carb and 15% as fat; the low Carb was 15% and 65%, respectively, with protein fixed at 20% of calories in each case. Cholesterol was 400 mg/day and the P/S ratio of the fat was 0.4. Each diet was sequentially consumed for periods of 3 weeks. At the end of each 3-week study period, plasma HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation and their apoprotein and lipid compositions were determined. Compared to the low Carb diet, the high Carb diet was associated with an increase in the size of HDL2 (116.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 109.1 +/- 1.8 A) and in the content (mean weight % +/- SEM) of apoE (2.81 +/- 0.71 vs. 1.79 +/- 0.49, P less than 0.01) and of apoC-II (1.73 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.11 +/- 0.12, P less than 0.01). HDL2 apoC-III content was not significantly different on the two diets (6.49 +/- 0.50 vs. 7.42 +/- 1.21). On the two diets, HDL3 size and HDL3 apoE content were not significantly changed. HDL3 apoC-II and apoC-III, however, were higher on the high Carb diet, P less than 0.05. The ratio (by weight) of HDL2 apoE/HDL2 apoC-II + C-III increased on the high Carb diet compared to the low Carb diet (0.344 +/- 0.058 vs. 0.228 +/- 0.053, P less than 0.01). We suggest that the increased amount of apolipoprotein E in HDL2 may influence its rate of catabolic clearance and may account for the well-known decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol in subjects on high Carb diets.
Atherosclerosis 1983 Mar
PMID:Effect of a high carbohydrate diet on the content of apolipoproteins C-II, C-III and E in human plasma high density lipoprotein subfractions. 684 45

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by means of transcutaneous Doppler techniques in the aorta, right arm, and right leg of 480 normal subjects of both sexes in urban Beijing, China (age range 3 to 89 years, mean age 41 +/- 20.8 SD); supine blood pressure was recorded in the brachial artery of each subject with standard sphygmomanometric procedures. Serum cholesterol was determined in a subgroup of 79 subjects (age 17 to 85 years, mean 47 +/- 26 SD). PWV (y in cm/sec) was found to vary with age (x, years) at each of the three locations according to the following regression equations: aorta, y = 9.2x + 615, r = .673 (p less than .001); right arm, y = 4.8x + 998, r = .453 (p less than .001); right leg, y = 5.6x + 791, r = .630 (p less than .001). Systolic, diastolic, mean, and pulse pressures were found to increase with age. PWV also increased with mean supine blood pressure but was not related to serum cholesterol (average 4.49 +/- 0.11 [SEM], mmol/l). Compared with that of Western populations, serum cholesterol tended to be lower at all age groups, systolic pressure higher at ages over 35 years, and PWV higher at all ages. Because change in PWV is directly related to change in arterial compliance, these results indicate that aging and not concomitant atherosclerosis (known to be rare in Asian populations) is the dominant factor associated with reduced arterial compliance and increased left ventricular load in these subjects.
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PMID:Effects of aging on changing arterial compliance and left ventricular load in a northern Chinese urban community. 685 Oct 54


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