Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical and laboratory examination of abnormalities not attributable to atherosclerosis has been performed on 188 male and 126 female adult subjects with hyperlipidaemia. The sample was recruited from 20000 subjects screened at a health control centre who had an initial serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride (TG) concentration above 350 mg/100 ml and 3.50 mmol/l. All were subjectively healthy and had no history of atherosclerotic disease. Known cases of secondary hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Lipoprotein (LP) analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis was made on all subjects including control group with "nonelevated" serum lipids. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was performed according to the modified system of Fredrickson et al. Compared to controls, subjects who had elevated very low density ?LP (VLDL) (types II B, III, IV and V) were more obsese, while subjectI B and women with type IV HLP than in the control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of controls and in higher frequencies in types II A and II B. A positive correlation existed between the frequency of arcus corneae and the mean low density LP cholesterol in the different types. Multiple tendon xanthomata (n equals 11) were found exclusively in type II A HLP, palmar xanthomata (n equals 3) only in the presence of floating beta-LP and eruptive xanthomata in one male with type V HLP. The mean ESR was increased in all types of HLP. The mean S-GPT and uric acid concentrations were higher in type IV HLP in both sexes than in the control groups. In men with type IV HLP S-GPT was positively correlated to tvldl tg. the uric acid level was correlated to both the VLDL TG concentration and body weight independently. Of the male subjects with HLP 1/3-1/2 had a diabetic or borderline i.v. glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia II. Clinical findings. 16 37

Experimental and clinical researches were done for the purpose of that to treat the hyperlipemia with Dahuang Zhechong Wan (DHZCW). The patients of primary hyperlipemia were divided into two groups. One group was treated with DHZCW, the other with inositol nicotinate as control. DHZCW could reduce the serum total cholesterol (0.05 less than P less than 0.2), triglyceride (P less than 0.05), the blood viscosity (P less than 0.01), reductive viscosity (P less than 0.001) and fibrinogen (0.05 less than P less than 0.2). No significant change of the other item of hemorheology, HDL-c and the subfraction were observed. No significant differential effect between those two groups. The experimental hyperlipidemic model was made by feeding cholesterol and axungia on rabbits. The results showed that DHZCW could reduce the serum total cholesterol (P less than 0.05), triglyceride (P less than 0.05), beta-LP (P less than 0.01), the blood viscosity (P less than 0.05) and plasma viscosity (P less than 0.05), but no significant effect on HDL-c and its subfraction, ESR, index of erythrocytic deformation and hematocrit. DHZCW could change the viscosity of blood of hyperlipemia and reduce the total cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen of the blood. It might have some beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and prevent ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies of the effect of dahuang zhechong wan on hyperlipemia]. 260 35

For a charged and an uncharged long chain spin probe the partition between the aqueous phase and the lipoproteins LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 was measured by use of ESR spectroscopy. The partition coefficients were compared for lipoproteins from normal donors and lipoproteins from patients with ischemic heart disease. The partition coefficients of the uncharged spin probe are not different. However, the charged spin probe has a significantly different partition for LDL and HDL3. This difference results from changes in the surface charge. Patients with ischemic heart disease have LDL which is more electropositively charged and HDL3 is more electronegatively charged compared to the corresponding lipoproteins of normal subjects. The surface charge of HDL2 is not changed. The results are discussed in the light of current concepts of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Alterations of surface charges of plasma lipoproteins in ischemic heart disease. 303 40

In a double-blind 13 week study the effects of Gemfibrozil were compared with placebo. Gemfibrozil was given to 10 patients with evidence of severe atherosclerosis; four similar patients acted as controls. As expected, in the treated group, total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly and HDL cholesterol increased. The Fibrinogen did not change although the ESR increased markedly and the heparin neutralizing activity (HNA) of the plasma decreased (p = 0.01). The antithrombic activity increased. The change in the HNA correlated weakly to the total cholesterol both before and during treatment. These findings show that some of the effects of Gemfibrozil on atherosclerotic humans are similar to those of Clofibrate but others are different.
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PMID:A pilot study of the effect of Gemfibrozil on some haematological parameters. 695 93

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common diseases in the elderly. The arteritis usually affects medium sized vessels, but large vessel involvement can also occur leading to arm claudication, bruits, loss of pulses and pallor of the upper extremities. The differential diagnosis of large vessel arteritis includes atherosclerosis and Takayasu's disease. Atherosclerosis, which affects patients of similar age to GCA is usually confined to the lower limbs and can be differentiated on the basis of the clinical setting and investigations such as the ESR, arteriography and temporal artery biopsy. Takayasu's arteritis' although histologically and arteriographically indistinguishable from GCA, is predominantly a disease of young women. A patient is described who presented with upper limb ischemia. A clinical examination revealed absence of right radial pulses and presence of murmurs at level of the carotids. The blood pressure was unrecordable in the upper right limb. The ESR was 102 mm/hr and the C-reactive protein was 11.66 mg/dl. A selective arteriography of the aortic arch and its branches revealed a right subclavian artery obstruction with good collateral circulation and a left subclavian artery stenosis. The biopsy of left temporal artery showed a typical GCA in acute stage. Treatment with prednisolone 30 mg/day was started and four weeks later, the ESR had fallen to normal. In addition this case confirms that PMR implies a systemic arteritis.
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PMID:[Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica presenting as subclavian artery obstruction]. 823 15

In 310 patients with carotid territory stroke, we investigated whether a history of cardiac disease was more frequent among those with major stroke (n = 169) than among those with minor stroke (n = 141), and whether the two groups differed in values for blood variables directly or indirectly associated with stroke, each variable being adjusted for age and sex. A history of angina pectoris was more frequent in the major stroke than in the minor stroke group, 16% vs. 9% (p < 0.042; odds ratio, 2.2); and among female patients, a history of atrial fibrillation was more common in those with major stroke than in those with minor stroke, 35% vs. 13% (p < 0.033; odds ratio, 2.8). ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) values were higher in the major than in the minor stroke group, 21 +/- 21 (mean +/- SD) vs. 15 +/- 14 mm/h (p < 0.028), as were WBC (white blood cell) counts, 9.4 +/- 3.2 vs. 7.9 +/- 2.3 x 109/l, p < 0.001. WBC counts were also higher in stroke survivors than in non-survivors, 9.6 +/- 3 vs. 8.3 +/- 3 x 109/l (p < 0.0027), as were serum creatinine values, 115 +/- 59 vs. 95 +/- 21 mumol/l (p < 0.0094). The differences between major and minor stroke patients may reflect differences in the degree of atherosclerosis and thrombogenicity.
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PMID:Differences in cardiac disease prevalence and in blood variables between major and minor stroke patients. 837 12

The influence of oxidised low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) on blood cell functions plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present work the effects of mildly oxidised LDL (moxLDL) on platelet aggregability and plasma membrane fluidity were studied and analysed from the viewpoint of the extent of LDL oxidation. Native or oxidised LDL were incubated with platelet rich plasma (PRP) at the volume ratio 1:1. As a control, plasma was incubated with buffer. The effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and certain membrane characteristics are described. (1) Mildly oxidised LDL diminished the time-dependent decrease in platelet aggregability that was observed when PRP was incubated with buffer or native LDL. The higher the oxidation extent of moxLDL, the lesser (if any) decrease in platelet activity occurred. Therefore moxLDL activated platelets in PRP. Cu2+-oxidised LDL, characterised by a high extent of lipid oxidation, inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. (2) Comparison of the ESR spectra of spin-labelled fatty acid (5-doxylstearate) incorporated into the plasma membrane of washed platelets indicated that the presence of moxLDL in the incubation medium resulted in a reduced fluidity of the outer membrane layer. The cholesterol:phospholipid ratio in platelets appeared to be the same after PRP incubation with native LDL, moxLDL or buffer. It may be proposed that the binding of oxLDL to the platelet surface leads to a modification of the membrane fluidity, thus mediating the activating action of LDL on platelets. Both effects were proportional to the extent of lipid oxidation in LDL. The results of this paper indicate a crucial role for mildly oxidised LDL in platelet activation.
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PMID:The effect of oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins on platelet aggregability and membrane fluidity. 1113 8

The recurrence of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery is often caused by bypass-dysfunction. In this study we tried to determine factors related to the long-term patency of arterial and venous bypass grafts. We evaluated all patients with bypass grafts undergoing coronary angiography in the year 1998 at our hospital (163 patients, mean age 67 years, mean interval since the operation 79 months, a total of 341 venous bypasses (VBP), 386 peripheral venous anastomoses and 85 arterial (LIMA = left internal mammarial artery) bypasses. The data were collected by a retrospective analysis of the hospital records. Statistics were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U test. After an interval of 53 months LIMA-bypasses were patent without stenosis in 92%. Symptoms were caused in only 2% by a dysfunction of the LIMA-graft. The patency of venous bypass grafts decreased with time (5 years after the operation 74% were patent without stenosis, 5-10 years 56%, more than 10 years 35%, p < 0.01). We found clear relations between the function of the venous grafts and the clinical presentation (patent grafts without stenosis in 43% with acute coronary syndromes, in 57% with stable angina [p = 0.08] and in 86% with atypical angina [p < 0.0001 for the difference between each of the first two and the last syndrome]), the resting-ECG (65% patent VBP without stenosis with normal ST-segments and 49% with abnormal ST-segments, p < 0.01), the body-mass-index (70% patent VBP without stenosis with a BMI < 25 and 56% with a BMI > 30, p = 0.05) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate after 2 hours (79% patent VBP with an ESR < or = 20 mm vs. 64% with an ESR > 49 mm, p = 0.02). The function of VBP after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)-procedure depends primarily upon the interval since the operation. In addition, we found correlations with clinical presentation, resting-ECG, body-mass-index and erythrocyte-sedimentation rate as a possible marker of inflammation in bypass-atherosclerosis. Therefore, inflammatory processes seem to play an important role in the development of venous graft dysfunction.
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PMID:[Coronary artery bypass graft dysfunction--clinical presentation, laboratory and electrocardiographic parameters]. 1125 30

Microalbuminuria is more prevalent in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and reflects the widespread vascular damage predisposing to atherosclerosis. It is also found in acute clinical conditions, e.g. myocardial infarction, pancreatitis and stroke, and predicts poor outcome. The mechanism leading to increased albuminuria in these conditions is unknown, therefore we designed the study to investigate the relationship between increased urinary albumin excretion in acute stroke and biochemical markers of stress and inflammatory reaction as well as markers of endothelial damage. Sixty patients with first-time ischemic stroke, admitted within 24 hours to the stroke unit took part in the study. We excluded patients with diabetes, infection, nephropathy and abnormal urinalysis. Neurological deficit was assessed on admission and after 24 hours by Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Daily urinary albumin excretion on Day 2 was measured using the immunonephelometric method. The serum cortisol concentration was measured on Day 1 at 6.00 AM, 10.00 AM, 6.00 PM and 10.00 PM. Daily urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine was measured on Day 1 and on Day 3. We assessed also hematocrit, ESR, serum glucose and fibrinogen, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and von Willebrand factor activity. Microalbuminuria was found in 46.7% of patients. There was no difference between patients with micro-albuminuria and those without it regarding sex, age and the prevalence of risk factors for stroke. Patients with micro-albuminuria had greater urinary excretion of epinephrine on Day 1. We did not find any differences regarding von Willebrand factor activity, serum cortisol concentration or other assessed variables. In logistic regression analysis the urinary excretion of epinephrine on Day 1 was the only independent variable predicting the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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PMID:[Mechanisms determining the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with acute ischemic stroke]. 1195 14

Free radicals and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. We have demonstrated that IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) provides superior antioxidant efficacy as compared to Vitamins C, E and beta-carotene. A series of studies were conducted using GSPE to demonstrate its cardioprotective ability in animals and humans. GSPE supplementation improved cardiac functional assessment including post-ischemic left ventricular function, reduced myocardial infarct size, reduced ventricular fibrillation (VF) and tachycardia, decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as detected by ESR spectroscopy and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the heart perfusate. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In concert, the proapoptotic signals mediated by JNK-l and c-fos proteins were also reduced suggesting that the novel cardioprotective properties of GSPE may be at least partially attributed to its ability to block anti-death signaling mediated through the proapoptotic transcription factors and genes such as JNK-1 and c-JUN. In a separate study, GSPE pretreatment significantly inhibited doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as demonstrated by reduced serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, DNA damage and histopathological changes in the cardiac tissue of mice. Concentration-dependent efficacy of GSPE was also assessed in a hamster atherosclerosis model. Approximately 49 and 63% reduction in foam cells, a biomarker of early stage atherosclerosis, were observed following supplementation of 50 and 100 mg GSPE/kg body weight, respectively. A human clinical trial was conducted on hypercholesterolemic subjects. GSPE supplementation significantly reduced oxidized LDL, a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, a cDNA microarray study demonstrated significant inhibition of inducible endothelial CD36 expression, a novel cardioregulatory gene, by GSPE. These results demonstrate that GSPE may serve as a potential therapeutic tool in promoting cardiovascular health via a number of novel mechanisms.
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PMID:Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. 1262 6


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