UMLS:C0004153 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrasonic evaluation of the intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) has been widely used as a marker of atherosclerosis. However, the definition of IMT-CCA is not uniform and it includes two quite different pathological changes; a general intima-media thickening and a local atherosclerotic change (plaque formation). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the IMT-CCA and local atherosclerosis separately, and to clarify how the IMT-CCA itself changes with age and how local plaques influence the relationship between the IMT-CCA and age. The subjects were 979 men and women aged 40 to 79 years who participated in the first wave examination of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences--Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA). The IMT-CCA measured at the thinnest point was significantly higher in men (0.61 +/- 0.15 mm) than in women (0.58 +/- 0.14 mm, p < 0.01) and it increased with age (trend p < 0.0001) in both genders. The IMT-CCA was higher with the presence of plaque in the bulbs (PLQ-BLB) than without PLQ-BLB (p < 0.0001). Although this was a cross-sectional study, the IMT-CCA increased 0.06 mm/10 years with PLQ-BLB and 0.04 mm/10 years without PLQ-BLB. The IMT-CCA could be partially explained by age, gender and PLQ-BLB (r2 = 0.317). In this middle-aged and elderly population, an increase in the IMT-CCA showed a moderate relationship with local atherosclerosis and age.
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PMID:Ultrasonic evaluation of common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)--influence of local plaque on the relationship between IMT and age. 1083 23

An operative definition of the metabolic syndrome has been suggested by a working group associated with the World Health Organization in 1998. The aim of this study was to examine whether small, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size was associated with the metabolic syndrome and with subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by ultrasound in the carotid and femoral arteries. The study was performed in a population-based sample of clinically healthy men (N=391), all 58 years old and not undergoing any treatment with cardiovascular drugs. Exclusion criteria were cardiovascular or other clinically overt diseases or continuous medication with cardiovascular drugs. The results showed that subjects characterized by the metabolic syndrome (n=62) had a thicker mean intima-media complex (IMT) in both the carotid and femoral arteries (0.86 versus 0.77 mm, P:<0.001, and 1.03 versus 1. 00 mm, P:=0.022, respectively) and also lower mean values for LDL particle size (25.78 versus 26.80 nm, respectively, P:<0.001) compared with subjects with no risk factors (n=77). The group with the metabolic syndrome (n=62) also had higher mean values for serum cholesterol and heart rate. In the whole study group (N=391), there were significant but weak negative relationships between small LDL particle size, increasing IMT, and increasing cross-sectional intima-media area of the carotid and femoral arteries and also negative relationships between LDL particle size and plaque occurrence and size in the carotid and femoral arteries. In summary, this is the first large-scale study to demonstrate a relationship between the clustering of risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome and a small LDL particle size pattern and the occurrence of preclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid and femoral arteries, as assessed by the ultrasound technique, in healthy 58-year-old men recruited from the general population.
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PMID:The metabolic syndrome, LDL particle size, and atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance (AIR) study. 1097 61

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in tissue protection and repair in the endothelium and various organ systems. The serum concentration of this protein is markedly increased in patients with chronic renal diseases, but the clinical and pathophysiological correlates of this substance in renal failure are scarcely understood. Serum HGF, lipid, albumin, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in fasting conditions in a cohort of 244 dialysis patients. In addition, the relationship between HGF and severity of carotid atherosclerosis was studied in a subgroup of 105 patients. The entire cohort was followed up for a median of 31 months (interquartile range, 21 to 34 months). Serum HGF level was directly related to duration of dialysis treatment, CRP level, age, IgG level, and hemoglobin level and inversely related to systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure. In a multiple regression model, only duration of dialysis treatment (r = 0.38), age (r = 0.26), hemoglobin level (r = 0.17), IgG level (r = 0.15), and CRP level (r = 0.14) were independent correlates of serum HGF level (R = 0.54; P < 0.0001), suggesting that increased levels of serum HGF may be the expression of a chronic inflammatory process. HGF levels were greater in hemodialysis than continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, independent of the type of dialysis membrane, and slightly increased in patients seropositive for hepatitis C virus. In the subgroup of patients who underwent echo color Doppler studies, serum HGF level was an independent correlate of intima media thickness (IMT; partial r = 0.23; P = 0.02). In the entire cohort, increased HGF levels predicted shorter survival in a multivariate Cox regression model. These results support the hypothesis that in patients with chronic renal failure, increased serum HGF level is linked to an inflammatory state. The relationships between HGF level and survival and IMT suggest that this cytokine might be a marker of a process that has a major impact in the high mortality and morbidity of the dialysis population.
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PMID:Hepatocyte growth factor predicts survival and relates to inflammation and intima media thickness in end-stage renal disease. 1105 50

Although a number of epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between ss-carotene and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, there has been little research on the role of lycopene, an acyclic form of ss-carotene, with regard to the risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of lycopene and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery wall (CCA-IMT) in 520 middle-aged men and women (aged 45 to 69 years) in eastern Finland. They were examined from 1994 to 1995 at the baseline of the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study, a randomized trial concerning the effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on atherosclerotic progression. The subjects were classified into 2 categories according to the median concentration of plasma lycopene (0.12 micromol/L in men and 0.15 micromol/L in women). Mean CCA-IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries was 1.18 mm in men and 0.95 mm in women with plasma lycopene levels lower than the median and 0.97 mm in men (P:<0.001 for difference) and 0.89 mm in women (P:=0.027 for difference) with higher levels of plasma lycopene. In ANCOVA adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and intake of nutrients, in men, low levels of plasma lycopene were associated with a 17.8% increment in CCA-IMT (P:=0.003 for difference). In women, the difference did not remain significant after the adjustments. We conclude that low plasma lycopene concentrations are associated with early atherosclerosis, manifested as increased CCA-IMT, in middle-aged men living in eastern Finland.
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PMID:Low plasma lycopene concentration is associated with increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall. 1111 71

The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypertension and physical training induce parallel changes in the arterial wall. Ninety-seven never-treated stage 1 hypertensive patients (HT) (systolic blood pressure 140 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 90 to 99 mm Hg) aged 18 to 45 years taking part in the Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording Venetia Study and 27 normotensive volunteers (NT) aged 30 +/- 9 years were studied. Data on physical or sports activity were collected and scored, and target organ involvement was investigated by assessing microalbuminuria, echocardiography, and carotid ultrasound study. The carotid arteries were examined according to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities protocol. Mean (m-IMT) and maximal (M-IMT) carotid intima-media thickness were measured at end-diastole in the far wall common carotid artery, in the bulb and internal carotid artery, in the lateral and posterior projection, averaging the left and right sides. A comparable level of physical activity was present in HT patients and NT subjects. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure and blood lipid levels, as well as target organ damage, were similar in physically active and sedentary HT. The m-IMT of the common carotid was greater in sedentary HT than in sedentary NT, as well as in active than in sedentary NT. The m-IMT of the internal carotid artery was also greater in active HT than in active NT, as well as in active than in sedentary HT. In logistic regression, comparing the first and fourth quartile of m-IMT, scored physical activity was a predictor of m-IMT in the internal carotid artery. No statistical interaction was found between physical activity and hypertension, indicating that these two items have a cumulative effect and act independently of each other. Sedentary HT had significantly greater levels of M-IMT than sedentary NT in all sites but the bulbs; in the internal and common carotid arteries, HT exercisers had significantly greater M-IMT than NT exercisers. Therefore, physical activity appears to be an early independent predictor of carotid wall thickness. This factor should be taken into consideration in population-based studies aimed at investigating supraortic vessels as it can act as a confounder.
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PMID:Effect of blood pressure and physical activity on carotid artery intima-media thickness in stage 1 hypertensives and controls. 1113 Jul 68

Remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) have been implicated in the early development of atherosclerosis. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the plasma concentration of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) in a cohort of healthy 50-year-old men in whom the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) was assessed by B-mode ultrasound as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. The subjects were given a fat-rich meal to study the generation of RLP-C during postprandial lipemia. Fasting plasma RLP-C and other major fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins were determined twice, and the mean RLP-C concentration was strongly correlated with CCA-IMT (r = 0.32, P = 0.002). In addition, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.25, P = 0.01) and plasma triglycerides (r = 0.20, P = 0.05) were significantly related to CCA-IMT. Multivariate analyses showed a triglyceride-independent contribution of RLP-C to CCA-IMT. After fat intake, the median plasma RLP-C concentration was doubled after 3 h. The increase was strongly related to the postprandial generation of TRL apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, and large (S(f) 60;-400) TRL apoB-100. The association with CCA-IMT was somewhat stronger for the 3-h RLP-C level than for the fasting RLP-C concentration [r = 0.27, P < 0.01 (3 h) compared with r = 0.22, P < 0.05 (0 h)]. We conclude that the plasma concentration of RLP-C is related to CCA-IMT, independent of plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, in a healthy middle-aged male population. - Karpe, F., S. Boquist, R. Tang, G. M. Bond, U. de Faire, and A. Hamsten. Remnant lipoproteins are related to intima-media thickness of the carotid artery independently of LDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 17;-21.
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PMID:Remnant lipoproteins are related to intima-media thickness of the carotid artery independently of LDL cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. 1116 Mar 61

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in healthy subjects as well as in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this study, we examined the allelic frequency and genotype distribution of the MTHFR gene in 151 Chinese ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis and 135 healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the MTHFR gene polymorphism and the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level as well as the intima-media thickness of common carotid artery (CC-IMT) in these patients. The allelic frequency of the MTHFR gene with the C677T mutation in ESRD patients was 24.5% and that in healthy controls was 23%. Mean plasma Hcy level of the ESRD patients (23.1 +/- 7.4 micromol/l) was significantly higher than that of the controls (10.1 +/- 5.0 micromol/l), but did not correlate with vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12) status. Moreover, the extent of hyperhomocysteinemia was genetically affected by the C677T mutation of the MTHFR gene. The plasma Hcy levels for the patients with the CC, CT and TT genotypes of the MTHFR gene were 22.3 +/- 6.8, 22.8 +/- 7.3, and 28.3 +/- 2.8 micromol/l, respectively. In addition, we found that the patients bearing the TT genotype had the highest CC-IMT (0.93 +/- 0.07 mm), whereas the lowest values (0.79 +/- 0.13 mm) were observed in those who had the CC genotype. One-way ANOVA showed that the CC-IMT in the patients with the TT genotype was significantly greater than that of the patients with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean CC-IMT of the patients carrying either TT or CT genotype of the MTHFR gene was significantly higher than that of the patients bearing the CC genotype (0.86 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.13 mm, p = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis, in which the change in CC-IMT was used as the dependent variables, identified age, smoking, the MTHFR genotype (CC = 0, CT = 1, TT = 2) and diabetes mellitus as the independent variables significantly associated with the increase of CC-IMT (p < 0.001). These risk factors jointly explained 43.9% of the CC-IMT variation and age explained most of the variation (R(2) = 0.34). We conclude that both the TT genotype and the T allele of the MTHFR gene are associated with the increase of CC-IMT in hemodialysis patients. The C677T mutation of the MTHFR gene may be an independent risk factor that predicts the development of carotid atherosclerosis in ESRD patients.
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PMID:Polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene: its impact on plasma homocysteine levels and carotid atherosclerosis in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis. 1128 60

Several pieces of evidence provide a rationale for an association between disease of the extracranial carotid arteries and incident coronary artery disease (CAD): (1) patients with transient ischemic attack are most likely to die from CAD; (2) atherosclerosis of the extracranial carotid arteries is correlated with that of the coronary arteries; (3) stenosis of the extracranial carotid arteries is associated with incident CAD; (4) risk factors for extracranial carotid atherosclerosis are also risk factors for CAD; and (5) there is an association between wall thickness of the extracranial carotid arteries (extracranial intimal medial thickness [IMT]) and prevalent CAD, as well as CAD and stroke. Accordingly, large population-based studies have demonstrated an association between IMT and incident CAD and stroke in younger (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, 45 to 65 years of age) as well as older (Cardiovascular Health Study, > or =65 years of age) samples. IMT, measured at 1 point in time, is likely to be an excellent reflection of an individual's past exposure to risk factors. However, a single measure of IMT might bear an imperfect relation to incident events, because current risk may be influenced more by current risk factor burden than by past exposure. Longitudinal studies have shown an association of risk factors with IMT progression, and clinical trials have demonstrated that lipid-lowering therapy retards the rate of progression of disease. In addition, IMT progression has been shown to correlate with incident CAD. We therefore suggest that the best index of future CAD risk may be progression of IMT rather than IMT itself.
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PMID:Predictive value of carotid 2-dimensional ultrasound. 1147 42

Stiffening and thickening of arterial wall are two important components of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of femoral artery wall stiffness on clinical manifestation of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were 315 patients with type 2 diabetes. Presence of intermittent claudication and/or leg pain at rest and reduced ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABI<0.9) were used as a subjective and an objective index of PVD, respectively. Femoral artery intima-media thickness (FA-IMT) and stiffness parameter beta (FA-stiffness beta) were measured by ultrasound methods. Symptomatic patients (N=58) showed greater values for both FA-IMT and FA-stiffness beta than those without symptom (N=257). Similarly, patients with reduced ABI (N=56) had greater FA-IMT and FA-stiffness beta than those without (N=259). However, correlation between FA-IMT and FA-stiffness beta was not impressive, especially in the symptomatic patients. To evaluate the effect of FA-stiffness beta on PVD symptoms, the subjects were divided into three subgroups according to FA-IMT, and then FA-stiffness beta was compared between those with and without PVD symptoms in each subgroup. The symptomatic patients had greater FA-stiffness beta values than the asymptomatic subjects in all the three subgroups. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of PVD symptoms was associated more closely with increased FA-stiffness beta than with increased FA-IMT, whereas reduced ABI was associated more closely with FA-IMT than with FA-stiffness beta. These data suggest that stiffening of arterial wall has a significant impact on PVD manifestations, particularly on the leg symptoms, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Atherosclerosis 2001 Sep
PMID:Femoral artery wall thickness and stiffness in evaluation of peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1150 Jan 93

We hypothesize that smokers with the null genotype for GSTM1 (GSTM1-0), who thus lack the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase mu-1, develop atherosclerosis at an increased rate compared to smokers with the positive genotype (GSTM1-1). We used data from a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effect of vitamin E on atherosclerosis among 189 male smokers. Progression of atherosclerosis was measured by 2-year change of the common carotid intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) as measured by B-mode ultrasonography. The frequency of GSTM1-0 genotype was 0.5 in both the placebo and the vitamin E group. Smokers with GSTM1-0 genotype had a tendency to higher baseline CCA-IMT values than those with GSTM1-1 (0.97 versus 0.92 mm, P=0.09). Within the placebo group, more CCA-IMT progression was found for smokers with the GSTM1-0 than for smokers with the GSTM1-1 genotype after adjustment for baseline IMT and major CVD risk factors (0.050 versus -0.002 mm, P=0.046). In the vitamin E group no effect of GSTM1 genotype on atherosclerosis progression was found. Overall, smokers with GSTM1-0 genotype had a higher mean 2-year progression compared to those with GSTM1-1 as shown by a difference in increase of 0.042 mm (95% CI 0.006; 0.078, P=0.02). In conclusion, our data suggest that smokers lacking the detoxifying enzyme GST mu-1 develop progression of atherosclerosis at an increased rate.
Atherosclerosis 2001 Sep
PMID:Effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on progression of atherosclerosis in lifelong male smokers. 1150 Jan 95

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