Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis, two diseases of the gallbladder that are unrelated to cholelithiasis or cholecystitis, are detected on oral cholecystograms with considerable frequency. These disorders are of uncertain etiology, and it is also unclear if they cause clinical symptoms. Cholesterolosis is the result of the accumulation of triglycerides and esterified sterols in macrophages in the lamina propria. The abnormality is unassociated with cholesterol gallstones, supersaturation of bile with cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or atherosclerosis. Adenomyomatosis involves hyperplasia of the tissues of the gallbladder wall with outpouches of the mucosa similar to diverticula of the colon. In this report, the pathology, etiology, clinical and radiologic features, and treatment of these two entities are reviewed.
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PMID:The hyperplastic cholecystoses: cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis. 640 1

Atherosclerosis has been produced in Cebus monkeys by dietary means. This disease has been produced by feeding diets high in cholesterol and low in sulfur amino acids over periods of 18 to 30 weeks. Within 2 to 8 weeks this regimen caused the concentration of cholesterol in the serum to rise to 300 to 800 mg. per cent. The hypercholesterolemia could be largely prevented by feeding 1 gm. per day of dl-methionine or l-cystine as supplements to the diet. After the serum concentration had become elevated, it could be restored to normal by feeding 1 gm. of dl-methionine but only partially restored by 0.5 gm. of l-cystine daily. The vascular lesions were in the ascending aorta but extended from the valves of the left ventricle to the proximal portions of the carotid and femoral arteries. Minimal lesions have been observed in the coronary arteries. The aortic lesions were chiefly characterized by the presence of lipid-laden phagocytes and increase in collagen and elastic fibers. The lipids were in part cholesterol derivatives. Visceral cholesterolosis was not associated with this disease.
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PMID:Experimental atherosclerosis in Cebus monkeys. 1308 40

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of stones, usually occurring in elderly and critically ill patients with atherosclerosis, recent surgery or trauma, or hemodynamic instability. Patients may present with only unexplained fever, leukocytosis, and hyperamylasemia without right upper quadrant tenderness. If untreated, rapid progression to gangrene and perforation occurs. Surgical cholecystectomy and cholecystostomy provide the most definitive treatment although recent studies indicate success with percutaneous or endoscopic cholecystostomy. Cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder are usually clinically silent and incidental findings at the time of cholecystectomy. Cholesterolosis is characterized by mucosal villous hyperplasia with excessive accumulation of cholesterol esters within epithelial macrophages. Usually clinically silent, the condition rarely is associated with biliary symptoms or idiopathic pancreatitis and cannot reliably be detected by ultrasonography. Adenomyomatosis describes an acquired, hyperplastic lesion of the gallbladder characterized by excessive proliferation of surface epithelium with invaginations into a thickened muscularis propria. Ultrasonography may reveal a thickened gallbladder wall with intramural diverticula. Adenomyomatosis may portend a higher risk of gallbladder malignancy. Most cases of cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis identified by imaging require no specific treatment. Gallbladder polyps include all mucosal projections into the gallbladder lumen and include cholesterol polyps, adenomyomas, inflammatory polyps, adenomas, and other miscellaneous polyps. Most polyps are nonneoplastic and rarely cause symptoms. Cholecystectomy is advocated for polyps greater than 10 mm in size because of increased risk of adenomatous or carcinomatous features.
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PMID:Gallbladder polyps, cholesterolosis, adenomyomatosis, and acute acalculous cholecystitis. 1471 68