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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The success of aorto-coronary bypass operations, employing an autologous saphenous vein, depends mainly upon graft patency. Fortyone grafts have been examined by light micrsocopy, 35 of which were obtained from 23 autopsy cases and 6 were recovered at reoperation. Thirtythree veins had been in place for less than 20 days (early group) and 8 from 3 to 39 months (late group). In the early group, minimal to moderate mediointimal fibrosis was always detected. Graft occlusion due to recent thrombosis was observed in 13 cases; the cause of thrombosis was severe coronary narrowing distal to the insertion of the graft and atherosclerotic plaque ulceration at the site of the veno-coronary anastomosis. Among the late group, 3 veins were occluded by an old thrombus, and 3 by intimal leiomyocellular proliferation, with Alcian positive ground substance, while 2 exhibited a severe stenosis due to intimal phlebosclerosis. One of these last disclosed a vein atherosclerosis. The multiple pathogenetic factors, which are involved in the proliferative lesions, are reviewed.
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PMID:[Pathology of the aorto-coronary bypass by autologous saphenous vein (author's transl)]. 31 16

Saccular aneurysms were fashioned on the common carotid artery in 22 rabbits and on the abdominal aorta in seven rabbits, using the venous pouch technique. Fusiform aneurysms were fashioned on the common carotid artery in four rabbits, using a venous graft. With the rabbits on a stock diet for up to 34 months, the aneurysms enlarged and displayed severe phlebosclerosis, including fibrosis, calcification, ossification, mural thrombosis, and lipid deposition similar to atherosclerosis. The experiments reveal that hemodynamic stress predisposes experimental aneurysms in rabbits on a stock diet to the development of degenerative changes that resemble human atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Chronic changes in experimental saccular and fusiform aneurysms in rabbits. 689 99

Experimental berry aneurysms were fashioned from an autogenous venous transplant by microvascular surgery at the aortic bifurcation of rabbits maintained on a stock diet. Structural changes in the aneurysms and in the host aorta were studied for periods up to 3 years 9 months postoperatively. Phlebosclerosis developed in the aneurysms and progressed to severe fibrosis, calcification, ossification, mural thrombosis and lipid deposition resembling human atherosclerosis, with eventual loss of the media. The host aorta exhibited pronounced intimal thickening at the bifurcation. The experiments demonstrated the importance of hemodynamic stress in the accelerated production of the degenerative changes in the walls of berry aneurysms.
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PMID:Chronic vascular changes in the walls of experimental berry aneurysms of the aortic bifurcation in rabbits. 730 51

After experimental venous pouch saccular aneurysms were surgically fashioned on common carotid arteries of sheep, the ensuing long term hemodynamic effects on the vessel walls were examined up to seven years postoperatively. The aneurysms became more spherical rather than remaining elongated, enlarging at variable, individual rates. Venous sac changes were similar to phlebosclerosis in human veins with progression to sclerotic walls and loss of conventional mural architecture at most sites. Lipid accumulation, despite low serum cholesterol levels, calcification, intimal tears of variable depth, mural dissection and secondary mural thrombosis, occurred as in human atherosclerosis and indicated this model's potential for studies of such pathological disorders and the pathological effects of enhanced hemodynamic stress.
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PMID:Histological changes in chronic experimental aneurysms surgically fashioned in sheep. 942 18

Specimens of veins of therapeutic arteriovenous fistulae from five patients were examined by an en face immunohistochemical technique to investigate endothelial morphology and the presence of the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1). These were compared with control segments of long saphenous veins from six patients. Venous endothelium from the arteriovenous shunts was mostly intact even overlying phlebosclerotic plaques. Occasional small areas of denudation, with associated platelets, were present in the depressions of 'jet' lesion however. The endothelial cells were generally elongated and interspersed with foci of polyhedral cells. The control saphenous veins contained elongated endothelial cells without detectable denudation. Image analysis of histological sections of veins from the shunts indicated significantly less intact elastic tissue than control veins but greater mononucleated endothelial cell density in en face preparations. ET-1 staining was considerably stronger in endothelium from the fistulae than in the control saphenous veins and was most intense over the raised crescentic ridges of jet lesions, stenoses and phlebosclerotic plaques. Endothelial mitoses and cells with hyperchromatic nuclei stained more strongly for ET-1 than surrounding cells. These results indicate that the endothelial cells lining veins associated with arteriovenous fistulae are dynamically altered by the increased haemodynamic stresses associated with these shunts. Furthermore ET-1 may act as a localising factor associated with intimal thickening at sites of 'jet' lesions, stenosis and phlebosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1998 Mar
PMID:Venous endothelial changes in therapeutic arteriovenous fistulae. 956 47