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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

96.3%, i.e., 7746 people, of the male personnel of a large French firm were surveyed to study the effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system. All males were between 43-54, and were regularly followed-up for 6 years after an initial, thorough visit. There were 399 deaths, of which only 23 were nonsmokers. The average yearly mortality rate was calcualted to be 3/1000 among nonsmokers, and 8.9/1000 among smokers, an incidence 3 times higher. Excess mortality of smokers was found among those with lung cancer or with coronary heart disease. The number of cigarettes smoked and inhaled had a great influence on the incidence of leg atherosclerosis and of coronary disease. Risk of ischemic cardiopathy was multiplied by 1.7 in people who smoked 20 cigarettes a day, and by 2.9 in people who smoked 40 cigarettes a day. A well organized campaign of health education conducted at national level would be highly advisable.
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PMID:[Tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in Paris]. 45 93

Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis were studied in subjects with a malignant disease and compared with those in the three atherosclerosis reference groups. In general, subjects with a malignant disease had little atherosclerosis, except for men with lung or prostatic cancer; in particular, men with lung cancer tended to have more extensive aortic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was less extensive in subjects with tumours specific to females. The ratios between the different types of lesions was preserved and the change was therefore quantitative rather than qualitative. No proof of a real negative influence on atherosclerosis by malignant diseases was found but wasting could be one factor influencing the development of atherosclerosis in tumour subjects. Such subjects, except those with lung and prostatic cancer, could have been included in the low atherosclerosis group which was an index of the mean basic level of atherosclerosis in the populations studied.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis and malignant tumours. 108 95

A morphometric study of atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels was conducted in males dying of cancer of the stomach and lungs, and in females dying of cancer of the stomach, lungs, uterus, breast and ovaries. In total, 918 observations were studied, the age of the deceased ranging from 30 to 79 years. The severity of the atherosclerotic lesions in the vessels of those who died of malignant tumors was compared to that in normal individuals. The material was compiled and examined in accordance with the program and method developed by WHO expertpathologists (Uemura et al.). In those who died of cancer of the stomach, uterus and breast the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was much milder than in the normals; however, no important differences were revealed between these groups as to the severity of atherosclerosis of the aorta. In lung cancer in males and in ovarian cancer in females under 50 years of age a distinct enhancement of the atherosclerotic process in the aorta was observed, and less-in the coronaries. In females dying of lung cancer the severity of atherosclerosis of the aorta was the same as in the normals, and in the coronaries - even milder.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the development of arteriosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in patients with cancer of different organs]. 122 58

The association of cigarette smoking and atherosclerorosis was investigated in 1320 autopsied men, 25--64 years of age. Aortic and coronary lesions were evaluated visually in coded specimens and objectively by analysis of radiographs. Using schedules that had been tested on pairs of living persons, interviewers obtained estimates of cigarette smoking habits of the deceased men from surviving relatives. Data were analysed for black and white men in the total sample of cases and also in groups according to the presence (selected disease group) or absence (basal group) of diseases thought to be associated with smoking (emphysema, lung cancer, etc.) or with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, etc.). Atherosclerotic involvement of aorta and coronary arteries was greatest in heavy smokers and least in nonsmokers for both races in the total sample of cases, the basal group and the selected disease group.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Cigarette smoking and atherosclerosis in autopsied men. 126 63

There is accumulating evidence that free radicals may contribute to various diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Possible health hazards can to some extent be prevented by the body's multilevel defense system against free radicals, which comprises, besides others, antioxidant vitamins. The 12-year mortality follow-up of 2,974 participants of the Basal Study allowed to test the hypothesis that low antioxidant vitamin plasma concentrations (vitamin A, C, E and carotene) were associated with increased death from cancer of various sites and death from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively. For the analysis 204 cancer cases, 132 fatalities from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 31 deaths from cerebral vascular disease were available. Cancer mortality. Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer had also lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than survivors (p less than 0.05). Calculating the relative risk with exclusion of mortality during the first two years of follow-up, low plasma carotene was associated with an increased risk for bronchus cancer (RR 1.8, p less than 0.05), and the small number of stomach cancer cases (RR 2.95, p less than 0.05) low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancer types (RR 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than 60 years) with lung cancer (RR 2.17, p less than 0.05). Studies in other cohorts with a poor vitamin E status revealed an increased risk of subsequent cancer at low vitamin E levels as well. It is concluded that low plasma levels of all major essential antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. Cardio-vascular mortality. Plasma carotene concentration below quartile 1 was associated with an increased risk for IHD (RR 1.53, p = 0.02). The same was true for low levels of both carotene and vitamin C (RR = 1.96, p = 0.022). The risk of cerebrovascular death was elevated in subjects with low carotene in the presence of low vitamin C plasma concentration (RR 4.17, p less than 0.01). These data confirm and extend recent findings on an inverse correlation of beta-carotene and vitamin C respectively to CVD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study. 145 Jun

Cigarette smoking has been established as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and also for lung cancer. Nicotine is one of the major components of cigarette smoke which is believed to be partly responsible for the deleterious effect of cigarette smoke. There was significant alteration in the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Administration of nicotine to rats has been found to decrease many of GAG fractions in the aorta, liver and heart and increase in the lungs. The increase in GAG now observed in lung tissue in rats administered nicotine and those exposed to cigarette smoke may be involved in the increased incidence of lung cancer in smokers. Increased activity of many of GAG hydrolysing enzymes indicates increased degradation of GAG. Sulphate metabolism in the liver is also significantly altered by nicotine. Thus administration of nicotine to rats caused alteration in the metabolism of GAG which are similar to those observed on exposure of rats to cigarette smoke, indicating that nicotine content of the tobacco smoke may partly be responsible for the effect on GAG observed on exposure to cigarette smoke.
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PMID:Effect of nicotine on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in rats. 151 30

The future health of our increasingly senior populations depend upon the interrelationship between two critical points: the onset time of the first major disease, infirmity, or disability and the time of death. Reduction of morbidity requires compressing the average period between these points and reducing the average level of morbidity during this period. The goal of compression of morbidity currently is being achieved in some areas. Life expectancy increases in the United States above age 65 y have plateaued, with further increases becoming ever more difficult. Some major chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and lung cancer, now occur later in life. Work disability prevalence has begun to decline. Intergenerational comparisons demonstrate improved health at specific ages. Randomized-controlled trials of primary prevention have failed to decrease total mortality in risk subjects while markedly decreasing the morbidity experienced by the same subjects. Compression has been documented for higher socioeconomic class subpopulations. These observations have major implications for health policy and mandate initiatives directed at prevention of disability and infirmity.
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PMID:Strategies for reduction of morbidity. 153 98

Human aortic endothelial cells, isolated at autopsy from a 52-year-old male dying from lung cancer, were treated with simian virus 40 (SV40). One colony was isolated from the infected endothelial cell culture 4 weeks after infection. The cells expressed SV40 large T antigen and p53 protein (p53) in their nuclei but lacted the characteristics of a transformed phenotype. The cells grew well in a monolayer over the 97th passage and exhibited Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus 1 agglutinin (UEA-1) as endothelial cell markers, and a well-developed fibronectin network. The amount of prostacyclin synthesized by the cells was less than the amount synthesized by normal aortic or umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. The cells produced relatively large amounts of procollagenase, and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) augmented the ability of the cells to produce this enzyme. These immortalized human aortic endothelial cells, which have some characteristics of normal endothelial cells and, like capillary endothelial cells, have the ability to produce collagenase, will probably prove useful for studies of atherosclerosis and angiogenesis.
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PMID:Collagenase production by immortalized human aortic endothelial cells infected with simian virus 40. 167 13

A number of current issues regarding methods of primary and periodical medical examinations were discussed in view of application of research results in practical activities of the occupational health service. The review of tests employed on detection of deficiency or peculiarity of biochemical susceptibility to given chemical factors revealed objective causes limiting and delaying, to a certain extent, of practical application of scientific progress in health surveillance. Tests facilitating detection of susceptibility to emphysemagenic factors, genetic markers of atherosclerosis, neoplasm (especially neoplasm of the urinary bladder and lung cancer) were discussed. According to the opinions presented, further advancement of research, as well as application of new methods should, during a relatively short time, dispel existing doubts and accomplish standardization of methods. The usefulness of psychological tests, now being introduced to health surveillance, was also discussed. It was found that tests may enrich considerably certification of physical fitness for those jobs with high stress levels and requiring a high level of reliability. They are extremely useful in individual assessment of work load, and they allow the detection of early disorders in the central and peripheral nervous system, preceding evident pathology produced by working environment factors. The most common obstacles in the wide application of the discussed methods include: inadequate post-graduate education of psychologists; the rare combination of two specialisations (psychology of labour and clinical psychology); and a shortage of test methods which have been verified in the conditions of a given country. This work also raises questions about the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation, complex exposure to toxic substances, health condition and periodical examinations in workers of advanced age.
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PMID:The strategy of targetted health surveillance. II. Genetically determined susceptibility to chemical substances and other issues related to health surveillance. 213 19

We reviewed the toxicologic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). For each type of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke we have sought articles in the English language reporting studies of effects on human health. Formal criteria that stressed study design, quality of execution and generalizability of results were used to select 116 scientifically admissible reports from over 2,900 articles. We concluded that: (a) there is strong evidence of an association between residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and both respiratory illness and reduction of lung function, and also between maternal smoking and reduced birth weight; (b) the weight of evidence is compatible with an association between active maternal smoking during pregnancy and increased infant mortality, and also between residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (primarily spousal smoking) and the risk of lung cancer; (c) there is evidence consistent with a relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace and respiratory symptoms, (d) the evidence is insufficient to implicate residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in relation to other forms of malignant disease or congenital malformations; (e) there is no evidence in the literature of an association between nonresidential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and any form of cancer. Further studies are required to address the effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, especially nonresidential exposure, in carcinogenesis and as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Further work is also needed to improve measurement of exposure in such studies and to assess the importance of confounding factors.
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PMID:Links between passive smoking and disease: a best-evidence synthesis. A report of the Working Group on Passive Smoking. 174 24


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