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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary aortoenteric fistula is rare. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, followed by infection and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. A case of spontaneous aortojejunal fistula due to recurrent colorectal cancer is reported.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Primary aortoenteric fistula due to recurrent colorectal cancer. Report of a case. 229 2

A review of the perioperative morbidity and mortality and long-term survival in elderly and high-risk patients with colorectal neoplasia was undertaken. Elderly high-risk patients with localized disease were compared with those with advanced disease. Over a five-year period, 82 high-risk (at least one major organ system disease), or elderly (age > or = 70 years) patients underwent an operation for colorectal neoplasia. Overall, 43 of 82 (52 percent) had advanced disease (obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage, or metastatic disease), while 39 of 82 (48 percent) had localized disease. The mean age of all patients was 78.2 years. Preoperative comorbid diseases included: coronary atherosclerosis, 59 (72 percent); previous myocardial infarction, 17 (21 percent); previous arrhythmia, 10 (12 percent); emphysema, 32 (39 percent); renal failure, 6 (7 percent); and cirrhosis, 3 (4 percent). At the time of surgery, 26 patients (32 percent) had metastatic disease. Six patients (7 percent) died in the perioperative period. The presence of advanced neoplasia did not significantly affect 30-day mortality. There was no difference in major morbidity between patients operated on for localized and for advanced disease. The mean actuarial 18-month survival was less for patients with advanced disease (P < 0.05). Sixty-eight patients (83 percent) are alive at a follow-up of 17.7 +/- 29 months postoperatively. The morbidity and mortality associated with resection of colorectal neoplasia in high-risk elderly patients are acceptable even in the presence of advanced disease. In select patients, resection offers the best palliation and may improve the quality of remaining life.
Dis Colon Rectum 1993 Feb
PMID:Advanced colorectal neoplasia in the high-risk elderly patient: is surgical resection justified? 842 20

Acute ischemic proctitis is an extremely rare clinical entity. It is mainly described in patients with significant atherosclerotic and cardiac risk factors who present with lower gastrointestinal symptoms in the setting of hemodynamic instability. Previous reports of ischemic proctitis suggest that rectal resection is not necessary in the treatment of this disease. We present four cases of acute ischemic proctitis that required complete proctectomy. All patients had large vessel atherosclerosis with rectal bleeding and sepsis as the presenting signs and symptoms. Three of four patients underwent complete proctectomy as the initial procedure. The fourth patient underwent complete proctectomy five days after the initial intervention. Two of four patients survived and were ultimately discharged from the hospital. A third patient recovered from surgery but ultimately died of respiratory complications. Only the patient who was initially treated by subtotal proctectomy died as the result of the disease. Although ischemic necrosis of the rectum is rare, complete proctectomy may be necessary to save the patient's life.
Dis Colon Rectum 2007 Jul
PMID:Acute ischemic proctitis: report of four cases. 1836 84

Among mammalian secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA(2)s), the group X enzyme has the most potent hydrolyzing capacity toward phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid of cell membrane and lipoproteins. This enzyme has recently been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and asthma and may also play a role in colon tumorigenesis. We show here that group X sPLA(2) [mouse (m)GX] is one of the most highly expressed PLA(2) in the mouse colon and that recombinant mouse and human enzymes stimulate proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation of various colon cell lines, including Colon-26 cancer cells. Among various recombinant sPLA(2)s, mGX is the most potent enzyme to stimulate cell proliferation. Based on the use of sPLA(2) inhibitors, catalytic site mutants, and small interfering RNA silencing of cytosolic PLA(2)alpha and M-type sPLA(2) receptor, we demonstrate that mGX promotes cell proliferation independently of the receptor and via its intrinsic catalytic activity and production of free arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids, which are mitogenic by themselves. mGX can also elicit the production of large amounts of prostaglandin E2 and other eicosanoids from Colon-26 cells, but these lipid mediators do not play a role in mGX-induced cell proliferation because inhibitors of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases do not prevent sPLA(2) mitogenic effects. Together, our results indicate that group X sPLA(2) may play an important role in colon tumorigenesis by promoting cancer cell proliferation and releasing various lipid mediators involved in other key events in cancer progression.
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PMID:Group X phospholipase A2 stimulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells by producing various lipid mediators. 1960 73