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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

15 volunteers were put on a mackerel (MD) and herring diet (HD) for 2 weeks in a cross-over design. At the end of the dietary periods eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA) was predominantly incorporated into cholesterol esters (CE), whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appeared more in triglycerides (TG). This was more pronounced after MD as compared to HD. After MD a significant decrease of serum TG, total cholesterol (C) and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity could be observed returning to the initial levels 3 months later. After HD only a decrease of LCAT was significant. In addition, a marked decrease in blood pressure (BP) was associated with lower plasma noradrenaline levels after MD, but not after HD. In 14 patients with mild essential hypertension an enhanced percentage of EPA and DHA in the lipids of VLDL, LDL and HDL could be confirmed. After MD serum TG, C, LDL-C and LCAT were significantly decreased, whereas HDL-C appeared increased. After HD the changes were of minor degree. Systolic BP was significantly lower at the end of MD. In 8 patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) similar changes could be seen, the most striking finding being a fall in serum TG, especially if initial values were extraordinarily high. The data suggest a beneficial effect of MD on several parameters known as risk factors of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Clinical studies on lipid and blood pressure lowering effect of eicosa-pentaenoic acid-rich diet. 609 37

In 18 patients with essential hypertension serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly (P less than 0.001) increased following short-term chlorthalidone therapy, but not during combination therapy with chlorthalidone and a betablocker. This tendency was similar in two subgroups which were studied with an inverse sequence of drug administration. In Group I (11 men), a 22% increase (P less than 0.01) in LDL-C during chlorthalidone monotherapy was restored to normal 6 weeks after addition to a betablocker to the diuretic; in Group II (5 men, 2 postmenopausal women) LDL-C levels were increased by 41% (P less than 0.05) 6 weeks after withdrawal of the betablocker from the combination therapy. No significant changes occurred during either the treatment phase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol or apoprotein B levels. It is concluded that combination therapy with a betablocker may prevent or reverse an increase in serum LDL-C associated with short-term chlorthalidone monotherapy.
Atherosclerosis 1982 Feb
PMID:Reversal or prevention of diuretic-induced alterations in serum lipoproteins with betablockers. 612 61

In 19 healthy men aged 50 with untreated mild essential hypertension (WHO group I classification) randomized into two groups, treatment (18 weeks) with oxprenolol (n = 10) lowered HDL cholesterol by 11.4% (P less than 0.02) and cholesterol ratio (HDL cholesterol X 100/LDL + VLDL cholesterol) by 13.7% (P less than 0.05) whereas atenolol (n = 9) lowered HDL cholesterol by 16.5% (P less than 0.02) and cholesterol ratio by 19.2% (P less than 0.01). In the total material (n = 19) the reduction of HDL cholesterol correlated positively with initial concentration of HDL (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05). Increments of total triglycerides by 20.0 and 17.9%, respectively, for the two drugs and small changes in total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and uric acid were not significant. The HDL cholesterol lowering effect of oxprenolol and atenolol observed in the present study may have clinical importance since such metabolic side effects have been postulated to counteract the beneficial effect of blood pressure reduction on development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in mild essential hypertension.
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PMID:The effect on HDL cholesterol of oxprenolol and atenolol. 613 May 95

It is certain that atherosclerosis is multi-factorial. Amongst the numerous risk factors two are particularly important: hypertension and primary or secondary abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins (high levels of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides or VLDL triglycerides, apoprotein B, low levels of HDL cholesterol, apoprotein A1 and probably HDL2). On the basis of a general review of the literature, the authors evaluate the changes in lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins induced by different beta-blockers. Overall, the most constant and most obvious (particularly in hyperlipidaemic patients) disturbances combine an increase in total triglycerides or VLDL triglycerides and a fall in HDL cholesterol. There is little change in total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. Side effects seen with most beta-blockers, cardioselective or not, differ in degree from one drug to another. They are particularly marked with some (propranolol) while they are virtually absent with others (pindolol). The mechanism of action is discussed (essentially inhibition of extra-hepatic lipoprotein lipase activity). These findings would seem to lead to the following practical conclusions: 1) Before starting antihypertensive treatment it is important to confirm lipid and lipoprotein levels, particularly bearing in mind the epidemiological links between moderate essential hypertension and lipoprotein abnormalities, especially those with a component of hypertriglyceridaemia. 2) Lipid profile including estimation by precipitation of HDL cholesterol must be studied during antihypertensive therapy and if there is a marked and confirmed deterioration towards an "increased atherogenicity", it is reasonable to envision a change of the antihypertensive agent. With the some efficacy on blood pressure levels and general tolerance, the choice should favour drugs having the least unfavourable effects on lipoprotein metabolism.
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PMID:[Changes in lipids and lipoproteins caused by the beta-blocking agents used as antihypertensives]. 613 67

Hemorheological considerations are beginning to alter routine clinical practice. A hemorheological defect may play a primary etiological role not only in classical diseases like polycythemia, but also in conditions such as essential hypertension and non-coronary angina. Hemorheological abnormalities may also play a part in arterial thrombosis through a number of mechanisms, and are a frequent accompaniment in many cases of atherosclerosis, where they carry a bad prognosis. Our new awareness of the dangers of a high hematocrit, even in the normal range, has had widespread consequences on the management of not only all kinds of ischemic disease, but also for instance on surgical practice in general. Finally, hemorheological treatment has much wider applications than simply in conditions where a hemorheological abnormality has been detected. Treatment aimed at improving the flow properties of blood, whether by drugs, hemodilution or plasmapheresis, may also be the most practical and effective therapy for ischemia due to insufficient blood flow down narrowed arteries.
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PMID:[The influence of hemorrheology on the practice of clinical medicine]. 636 97

Captopril, an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered to 15 patients with essential hypertension. The serum lipid peroxides level, aldosterone concentration in plasma and blood pressure decreased rapidly after administration, while plasma renin activity was not significantly changed. It is suggested that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril offers a possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of atherosclerosis complicated with hypertension.
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PMID:Acute effect of captopril on serum lipid peroxides level in hypertensive patients. 637 87

In this overview of the achievements of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the major developments in each major form of heart disease since the birth of the Institute 35 years ago are reviewed. In the case of congenital heart disease, it has become possible to establish an accurate diagnosis, often by noninvasive methods, and to correct by surgical treatment almost all congenital cardiac malformations. The major challenge now is to eliminate these disorders; this will require an understanding of the fundamental molecular basis of these lesions. Acquired valvular heart disease can also now be characterized by hemodynamic, angiographic, as well as noninvasive techniques, principally echocardiography. Surgical treatment is usually successful, but improvement in the durability of valves without thromboembolic potential remains an important challenge. While essential hypertension can now be managed pharmacologically in almost every patient and while such management reduces the excess mortality resulting from this condition, current research focuses on elucidating the underlying basis of this disorder. Atherosclerosis remains the most common cause of cardiac and vascular disease. Although its cause has not been defined, several abnormalities in lipid metabolism that play an etiologic role in many patients with atherosclerosis have been identified. The treatment of these disorders with cholesterol-binding resins, which increase the number of cellular receptors for low-density lipoprotein, and with inhibitors of the enzyme required for cholesterol biosynthesis holds considerable promise. Noninvasive techniques will be used increasingly for detection of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic persons and for determining the efficacy of therapy. The mortality resulting from acute myocardial infarction has been reduced in half by the development of coronary care units and the prompt treatment of potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Current research is focused on preventing pump failure by limiting infarct size; lysis of coronary thrombi now appears to be the most promising method of accomplishing this. Chronic angina pectoris can be relieved by the judicious use of three classes of drugs--organic nitrates, beta-adrenergic blockers, and calcium antagonists, and two mechanical approaches--percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting--are usually successful in relieving angina in patients who do not respond adequately to medical management. Whether or not any of these approaches prolong life is not yet settled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Thirty-five years of progress in cardiovascular research. 638 25

Gas liquid chromatography was used to examine the effect of treatment on the blood content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in 75 patients with coronary heart disease and essential hypertension. There were three groups of patients. The first group (30 subjects) received lipoic acid, whereas the second one (30 subjects) were given biotin nd pyridoxine. Fifteen patients (controls) did not receive any vitamins. Lipoic acid was found to raise the content of linoleic and arachidonic acids and to decrease the content of myristic acid. Meanwhile administration of biotin and pyridoxine led to an increase in the content of eicosatriene and arachidonic acids and to a reduction in the concentration of myristic and stearic acids. In the 15 patients who did not receive any vitamins, the blood content of fatty acids remained unchanged. Comparatively, the preference is given to lipoic acid that raises the blood content of linoleic acid playing an important part in the prophylaxis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Effect of lipoic acid, biotin and pyridoxine on blood content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. 641 17

Some of the relatively easily measurable and possibly hypertension-associated parameters were evaluated in thirty normotensive young subjects divided into the PHT (either parent hypertensive) group and the PNT (both parents normotensive) group. In subjects of the PHT group, the platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased while urinary kallikrein excretion was decreased without simultaneously significant elevation of blood pressure. The enhanced platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the increased ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol suggest that subjects with a positive family history of hypertension might have a greater tendency to atherosclerosis and could contribute to the development of essential hypertension. Decreased urinary kallikrein excretion suggests that the vasodepressive activity of the kallikrein-kinin system might be inhibited in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension.
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PMID:Relation of family history of hypertension to platelet aggregation, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and urinary kallikrein excretion. 643 May 81

Forty-one patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy complicated by a transient impairment of the cerebral circulation were examined in a neurological department. A comparative analysis of the findings obtained during comprehensive study of the cerebral circulation showed that in the overwhelming majority of cases (37 out of 41), the results of isotope angiography and rheography coincided and corresponded to the clinical findings. To a certain degree these methods complemented each other: rheoencephalography was more informative in the diagnosis of cerebral atherosclerosis and essential hypertension while radioisotope angiography allowed a more accurate determination of the area affected.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic possibilities of radioisotope angiography and rheoencephalography in patients with vascular diseases of the brain]. 650 70


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