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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hemodynamic changes caused by ketanserin, an anti-hypertensive agent with S2-serotonergic receptor and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking properties, are reviewed in patients with essential hypertension. The hemodynamic profile associates a decrease in total peripheral resistance, an unchanged cardiac output, and a modest reflex cardiac stimulation. Whether the drug reverses the other hemodynamic abnormalities of essential hypertension, such as reduced arterial and venous compliances and increased cardiac mass, remains largely unknown. Evaluation of the changes in arterial and venous systems will be important in the view that the pharmacological profile of ketanserin could be involved in the modifications of the arterial wall observed in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of the anti-hypertensive agent ketanserin in hypertension in man. 332 6

Altogether 320 elderly and old-aged patients with alimentary toxinfections suffering from essential hypertension (65.9%), coronary heart disease (39.3%), atherosclerosis (29.3%) were observed. A severe course of toxinfection was noted in 5.9% of the patients, an average severe course in 94.1%. The patients received intravenously the "quartasol" solution in full volume (25.7%) or the ORS solution with sodium hydroxycitrate per os (74.3%). Therapeutic efficacy was high. Antihypertensive therapy and antianginal drugs were simultaneously administered. Neither complications nor side effects were observed during therapy of the elderly and old-aged patients with alimentary toxinfections. In addition to the above therapy all the patients received sparing diet and enzyme preparations.
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PMID:[Treatment of patients with food toxinfections in middle and old age]. 336 56

The examination and treatment of 547 patients with alimentary obesity revealed in them significant impairments of myocardial contractility, manifest hemodynamic disorders (in 65.5% of patients), marked changes in lipid metabolism (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipacidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa in 26,5%, type IIb in 14,5%, type IV in 32,5% of patients), as well as reduced activity of the T-immunity system, all these changes being prerequisites for the development of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. During examination of the patients' liver, fatty hepatosis was detected in 91.4%, chronic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 14% of patients, manifest shifts were found in their bile biochemical composition, leading to the development of cholelithiasis. The incretory dysfunction of the pancreas led to carbohydrate imbalance in 43%, and to diabetes mellitus in 7.5% of patients. Under the effect of the treatment (diet, exercise therapy, oxygenotherapy, hydrotherapy) conducted in the alimentary obesity patients, lessening of the pathologic process was observed in the heart, liver and pancreas, their functions being significantly improved. It has been concluded that normalization of the body weight in obese subjects is a measure preventing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, fatty hepatosis, steatohepatitis, cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Role of modern diet therapy in the prevention of visceral complications in patients with dietary obesity]. 356 80

Fifty-six patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and various vascular disorders were investigated by magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. All patients were also subjected to radiopaque aortography. Twenty-seven normal subjects were taken as controls. They showed good visual images of thoracic and abdominal aorta and vena cava inferior in all tomographic sections, yet the frontal section proved the best for vessel visualization as it showed the vessels at length. MR tomograms were similar in patients with essential hypertension, stage I-IIA and in normal subjects, while patients with more than 5-year essential hypertension, stage IIB-III, demonstrated a convoluted aorta (sagittal and frontal sections), with an S-shaped convolution in a number of cases; their aortic diameter was increased owing to a thicker vascular wall as well as a wider lumen. Patients with renovascular hypertension showed abnormal renal arteries featuring pre-stenotic dilatation and stenosed portions. Iliac arterial occlusions were clearly seen. Patients with wide-spread atherosclerosis and nonspecific aorto-arteritis showed a variety of thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of vascular lesions in hypertension patients]. 357 26

Basing on the results of an analysis and systematization of the findings of comprehensive examination of 519 patients the authors identified complexes of characteristic criteria which have served as the basis for creating a classification of chronic insufficiency of cerebral circulation (CICC) developing in cases of cerebral atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, and their combination. With regard to the stage of CICC and expert significance of either clinical manifestations of this disorder in relation to different types of professions a working scheme of medical expert examination of patients' working capacity is proposed.
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PMID:[Clinical expert classification of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. 367 7

The authors studied the parameters of the central and cerebral hemodynamics in 66 males aged 38-58 years who were treated at a health resort for initial manifestations of cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCI). A test with graded exercise (GE) revealed in all patients an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR) which was the greatest in cases of initial manifestations of CCI due to borderline arterial hypertension (AH). In the period of recovery and following the nitroglycerin test the TPVR returned to the initial level in patients with AH and vegetovascular dystonia whereas there was no such decrease in patients with initial cerebral atherosclerosis. Already at the 1st minute of the recovery period following GE patients with atherosclerosis (A) and essential hypertension (EH) presented a considerable increase in the arterial tone (AT) which remained stable even after 10 min of rest. These changes in AT indicated a decrease in the adaptational possibilities of the cerebral hemodynamics and simultaneously made it possible to differentiate them from vegetovascular dystonia when AT increased insignificantly only during the first min after GE and then rapidly returned to the initial level and diminished even more during the nitroglycerin test. The proposed method of comprehensive examination of parameters of the central and cerebral hemodynamics when combined with neuropsychological findings makes it possible not only to improve the diagnosis of diseases responsible for initial manifestations of CCI but also to considerably increase the objectivity of the assessment of the sanatorium treatment.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and sanatorium treatment of the initial manifestations of inadequate blood supply to the brain]. 377 9

The author studies 109 patients with schizophrenia combined with cerebrovascular pathology (vegetovascular crises, essential hypertension, cerebral atherosclerosis). The effect of vascular disorders on the clinical picture and course of different forms of schizophrenia was found to be heterogeneous, being dependent on the severity of vascular disease, as well as the type of the course and progression of the schizophrenic process. Changes in the psychopathological structure of schizophrenic manifestations were the greatest in patients with periodic, shift-like, and slowly progressive schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Effect of vascular pathology on the clinical picture of schizophrenia]. 382 75

Glucose tolerance tests and diurnal profiles of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, serum triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were performed in 8 male patients with mild essential hypertension as well as in 20 normotensive subjects. Although glucose tolerance and postprandial glucose levels appeared equal in both groups, the insulin response after a glucose load and after each meal was significantly increased in hypertensive subjects as compared with the controls (p less than 0.01). The levels of free fatty acids were higher in the postabsorptive phase of patients with hypertension in comparison to normotensive subjects, but decreased markedly when plasma insulin levels rose after meals. In both subject groups serum triglyceride levels showed the typical postprandial increase. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed neither diurnal variations nor differences between hypertensive subjects and normotensive controls. Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with mild essential hypertension possibly may provoke lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and therefore may be a relevant risk factor for atherosclerosis in these subjects.
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PMID:Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with mild essential hypertension. 388 2

On the basis of radiocardiographic and radiocirculatory examination of the central and cerebral hemodynamics in 130 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) caused by essential hypertension and atherosclerosis, the authors have demonstrated that the development of DE is facilitated by disturbances of the central and peripheral hemodynamics. In turn, DE reduces the function of the autoregulatory mechanisms of the cerebral blood flow and leads to insufficiency of compensatory adaptive possibilities of the cardiovascular system. It is recommended that not only cerebral disorders but also the type (hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, eukinetic) of the blood circulation in these patients be taken into consideration in selecting the optimal method of treatment.
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PMID:[Status of cerebral and central hemodynamics in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy]. 395 86

An observation in human autopsy material showing a statistically close relationship between complicated atherosclerosis of the aorta, at or above the renal artery take-off, and nephrosclerosis of usual type (i.e. the "granular kidney" of essential hypertension) led to a study of platelet aggregates as a cause of renal lesions. The renal cortical surface is peculiarly sensitive to ischemic damage. When an embolic source, which sheds repeatedly, was placed in the thoracic aorta of rabbits, they became hypertensive. The hypertension persisted for six months, at which time the kidneys showed nephrosclerosis characterized by surface cortical lesions consisting of shrunken glomeruli and atrophical tubules, subtended by arterioles whose intimas showed fibrous thickening. It is suggested that the renal component of the hypertension so induced is transitory, serving as a trigger mechanism for sustained hypertension.
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PMID:Hypertension and nephrosclerosis: a reappraisal and a new theory of renal ischemia. 602 68


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