Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Not every case of angina pectoris occurring in a hypertensive patient is indicative of coronary atherosclerosis. Nine patients with essential hypertension of moderate degree had attacks of angina of sufficient severity to require investigation by arteriography. In these patients, the coronary arteriogram was normal but ventriculography showed hypertrophy of the walls of the left ventricle of restrictive or obstructive type. These appearances were confirmed by echocardiography which also showed hypertrophy of the septum and, in certain cases, confirmed the involvement of the ventricle, while by contrast the electrocardiogram and radiological appearances of the heart were essentially normal. The beta-blockers may have an important part to play in such conditions, and echocardiography is suggested as part of the routine investigation in cases of hypertension.
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PMID:[Angina pectoris in a hypertensive patient with left ventricle hypertrophy: echo-angiographic comparisons]. 10 Nov 81

Clinical, experimental and pathologic studies strongly indicate that hypertension is a major factor in coronary heart disease, sudden death, stroke congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency. The deleterious effect of the elevated blood pressure on the cardiovascular system appears to be due mainly to the mechanical stress placed on the heart and blood vessels. Humoral factors and vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin, catecholamines and prostaglandins may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease but this role has not yet been defined and is probably secondary. Hypertension and the resulting increase in tangential tension on the myocardial and arterial walls, leads to the development of hypertensive heart disease and congestive heart failure as well as hypertensive vascular disease that affects not only the kidneys but also the heart and brain. Hypertensive vascular disease involves both large and small arteries as well as arterioles and is characterized by fibromuscular thickening of the intima and media with luminal narrowing of the small arteries and arterioles. The physical stress of hypertension on the arterial wall also results in the aggravation and acceleration of atherosclerosis, particularly of the coronary and cerebral vessels. Moreover, hypertension appears to increase the susceptibility of the small and large arteries to atherosclerosis. Thus the patient with hypertension is a candidate for both hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the coronary and cerebral vessels leading to occlusive disease of both the large and small arteries and resulting in myocardial infarction and stroke. Other major complications of hypertensive vascular disease include rupture and thrombotic occlusion of blood vessels, especially in the brain. Disease of the arterial media, which begins in childhood with the deposition of calcium in the vessels, may be an important cause of arterial hypertension. This form of hypertension may manifest itself in adults as arteriosclerotic hypertension and lead to cardiovascular complications very similar to those of essential hypertension. The relation of arteriosclerotic hypertension to nutritional factors, including dietary salt intake, deserves study.
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PMID:Role of hypertension in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. 13 91

The purpose of the study was to investigate alterations in the content of the basic lipid fractions, and of the low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the liver, the blood serum and aorta, as well as to determine by acrylamide disc electrophoresis the hyperlipoproteinaemic type of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which are considered as the most suitable model of essential hypertension. The experiments were carried out on 25 normotensive control Wistar rats and 30 SHR (Okamoto-Aoki strain). An augmentation of lipid metabolism in the liver and a moderate hyperlipidaemia mainly due to an increase in triglycerides was found. The quantitative alterations of the lipid fractions corresponded with the qualitative alterations of the lipoproteins, an intensive and permanent pre-beta-LP fraction being established. In all the SHR a peculiar pattern of hyperlipoproteinaemia differing from the basic Fredickson-Lees patterns by a LP-fraction located between tha alpha- and beta-LP fractions was also established. The alterations in the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in SHR are considered as connected with the hypertensive state itself since no accompanying atherosclerosis was observed.
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PMID:The action of arterial hypertension on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. II. Qualitative and quantitative alterations of blood serum, liver and aortic lipids and lipoproteins in Okamoto-Aoki rats with spontaneous hypertension. 18 75

Plasma catecholamine concentration and platelet aggregation were studied in 22 patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension and 13 age-matched normotensive, healthy subjects at rest and in some during isometric handgrip exercise. The effect of norepinephrine (NE) infusion upon platelet aggregation was also examined. Plasma catecholamine concentration was slightly higher in the hypertensive than the normotensive group, but the difference was not significant. However, platelet aggregation to ADP was significantly greater in the hypertensive than the normotensive subjects. Exercise increased significantly both catecholamines and aggregation in both groups. Platelet aggregation was correlated with age (r = 0.62, P less than 0.01) and plasma NE (r = -0.34, P less than 0.05 for the total group of subjects). The infusion of NE increased significantly plasma NE and platelet aggregation and there was an inverse correlation between NE increase and threshold decrease (r = -0.69, P less than 0.05). Thus, plasma catecholamines and important determinants of platelet aggregation. However, in our study, uncomplicated primary hypertension was not associated with abnormal plasma catecholamine concentration. It is likely that the observed abnormal platelet aggregability to ADP represents a secondary phenomenon, possibly related to more advanced atherosclerotic vascular changes in hypertensive than normotensive subjects.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Apr
PMID:Platelet aggregation in relationship to plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension. 46 25

The role of essential hypertension in the pathogenesis of cerebral vessel disorders (not only hemorrhagic, but also ischemic) is greater than in the pathogenesis of the heart ischemic disease. An analysis of the evidences left by ancient doctors, when compared with statistical data of our time, gives one grounds to believe that cerebral hemorrhages have been a rather common disease, at least, since the time of the antique civilization of Greece and Rome, whereas ischemic heart disease has become a widespread disease among the population of the developed countries only in our time. This makes it possible to assume that the role of essential hypertension and that of atherosclerosis are not equal in the "diseases of civilization", if the diseases of today's developed society are meant.
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PMID:[Vascular brain lesions and ischemic heart disease]. 49 30

The occurrence of the C3F allele was investigated in the following three groups: 69 consecutive referred patients with untreated essential hypertension, including borderline hypertension; 70 patients with established and treated essential hypertension, already attending the same outpatient clinic, and 62 age- and sex-matched normotensive healthy subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerosis or familial predisposition to hypertension. In the three groups the C3F allele was found in 38.2%, 29% and 20%, respectively. Among the treated hypertensive patients with C3F gene, 40% had coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to 6.1% among the C3F negative (P less than 0.005), and the relative risk of CHD among the treated hypertensive patients with this allele was found to be 10.2 (P less than 0.002). The C3F gene was present in 72.7% of the treated patients with CHD. In the untreated patients the occurrence of CHD was low, and no differences between C3F positive and negative patients could be demonstrated. No association of the C3F allele with familial predisposition to hypertension was found. This study provides further evidence of a positive association of the C3F allele with atherosclerosis, and it is concluded that this allele in a hypertensive patient might accelerate the atherosclerotic process, with subsequent premature development of vascular complications.
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PMID:Association between coronary heart disease and the C3F-gene in essential hypertension. 68 71

A new mathematical method is suggested for making the prognosis of the results of surgery for haemorrhagic strokes due to essential hypertension and atherosclerosis. Twenty-two signs characterizing the patient's state are fed into the computer trained on the basis of 124 case reports of patients, both surviving and dying after surgery. The computer operating in accordance with the "Kopa-3" programme works out a vital prognosis for both the medicamental and surgical treatment. The prognosis proved correct in 90% of the cases. The described method permits an objective determination of the indications for surgery in hemorrhagic stroke.
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PMID:[Prognostication of the outcome of surgical treatment of hemorrhagic strokes using a computer]. 78 27

Plasma renin activity (PRA) stimulated by upright posture was measured, in 300 men aged 45-64 years, by a radio-immunoassay of angiotensin I. The subjucts examined were divided into six groups, comparable in mean age, each containing 50 subjects: group 1, normotensives without manifest atherosclerosis; group 2, normotensives with angina pectoris definite; group 3, normotensives with a history of a transmural myocardial infarction; groups 4 to 6, patients with benign essential hypertension, without manifest atherosclerosis in group 4, with angina pectoris in group 5 and with a history of myocardial infarction in group 6. Significant differences in mean PRA were found between corresponding groups of hypertensives and normotensives, the values in hypertensives being lower. The precentage of low renin values was higher in hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease than in other groups. An analysis of 3-year cardiovascular mortality revealed no significant difference in mortality due to ischaemic heart disease between high-renin and low renin sub-groups.
Atherosclerosis 1977 May
PMID:Plasma renin activity in men with relation to the presence of ischaemic heart disease. 85 14

Plasma renin activity (PRA) stimulated by upright posture was measured in 300 men aged 45-64 years using a radioimmunoassay of angiotensin-I. The examined subjects were normotensive or patients with benign essential hypertension and were divided into 6 groups according to the absence of manifest atherosclerosis, the presence of definite angina pectoris or a history of myocardial infarction. Each group contained 50 unselected subjects, with a comparable mean age. Significant differences in mean PRA were found between corresponding groups of hypertensives and normotensives, the values in hypertensives being lower. The percentage of low renin values was higher in hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease than in other groups. It is suggested that this finding might be explained by functional disturbances in the kidneys in hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity in patients with ischaemic heart disease. 87 44

This article presents a theory concerning the pathogenetic background for three diseases of civilization: essential hypertension, stable diabetes and atherosclerosis. Man and many other animals have mobilizing mechanisms for preparation for physical activity, expressed inter alia by an increase in blood pressure, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. During physical activity, blood pressure falls almost to the resting level and hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia are reduced parallel with the metabolism of glucose and fats in working muscles. In wealthy countries, this preparation for physical activity, which is dominated by the sympathetic-adrenergic system, comes into action just as frequently as in less wealthy countries -- or possibly even more frequently -- but this is rarely followed by muscular activity. How long is this sympathetic dominance maintained? How high are the blood pressure, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia? How slowly do these return to normal levels? It appears probable that this may be of fundamental pathogenetic significance in the three abovementioned diseases, the causes of which we have difficulty in finding or agreeing upon. Various prophylactic possibilities are mentioned briefly.
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PMID:[An hypothesis concerning the pathogenetic background of 3 diseases of civilization]. 90 6


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