Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study of postoperative complications, strokes occurred in 6 out of 2463 patients (0.2%) who underwent non-cardiac, non-carotid artery surgery. The patients who experienced cerebrovascular accidents, including three cases of transient ischemic attack, were significantly older than the rest of the group (mean age 79 years versus 65 years) and had manifestations of atherosclerosis in at least one organ preoperatively. Significant predictors of risk for postoperative cerebrovascular accidents were previous cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension. Cerebrovascular accidents occurred late in the postoperative period, 5-26 days after surgery, and were not directly related to surgery and anesthesia. They were more frequent after acute than after elective operations. Precipitating factors for some of the stroke incidents were rapid atrial fibrillation and postoperative dehydration.
 ...
PMID:Postoperative cerebrovascular accidents in general surgery. 321 96

Coronary heart disease in insulin-dependent (IDDM) and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is associated with lipid and lipoprotein changes favouring atherosclerosis. Whether lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are associated also with peripheral vascular disease in both types of diabetes is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied lipid and lipoprotein levels and their association with claudication in a representative sample of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in East Finland. Altogether 87 subjects had IDDM (43 men, 44 women), 264 subjects NIDDM (126 men, 138 women) and 120 subjects were non-diabetic controls (63 men, 57 women). Patients with IDDM had an increased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and patients with NIDDM a decreased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and an increased level of total, LDL and VLDL triglycerides than did non-diabetic subjects. Analyses in both types of diabetes by claudication status revealed that total and LDL-cholesterol and total and VLDL triglycerides tended to be higher and HDL and HDL2-cholesterol lower in those having claudication as compared to those without a claudication symptom. Similarly, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also more atherogenic in patients with claudication than in those without claudication. In conclusion, our results indicate that in both types of diabetes peripheral vascular disease is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities favouring atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis 1988 Nov
PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. 321 81

Although aspirin is an old drug, its optimal dose for the treatment of human atherosclerosis has not been finally proven. Various in-vitro and ex-vivo platelet function tests revealed a dose range from 1 to 3000 mg as being optimal. It was thus the goal to examine its in-vivo efficacy in human suffering from peripheral vascular disease in 7 different doses ranging from 1 mg to 1000 mg a day. All these patients have been treated for 3 months. Platelet half-life and platelet uptake ratio show an in part significant improvement being most pronounced at the daily doses of 20 and 1000 mg respectively. No change occurs in the placebo treated controls. These findings indicate, that 20 or 1000 mg aspirin taken daily per os, are superior to the other doses examined concerning the in-vivo platelet function (as measured by platelet half-life) and rendering the arterial surface less thrombogenic (as reflected by platelet uptake ratio-measurements).
 ...
PMID:Diminished platelet residence time on active human atherosclerotic lesions in-vivo--evidence for an optimal dose of aspirin? 324 21

Atherosclerosis, the process underlying coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, begins in childhood and progresses through several stages to result in clinically manifest disease in middle age and later. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and elevated blood pressure are associated with more extensive and more severe atherosclerosis and also with greater risk of clinical disease. Cigarette smoking is firmly established as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. It is associated with more severe coronary atherosclerosis, but not enough to account for the twofold or greater risk of coronary heart disease among smokers. Smoking is associated with much more severe atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, which is consistent with the much greater risk of aortic aneurysm and peripheral vascular disease among smokers. Smoking induces a wide variety of physiologic responses, some of which appear likely to be involved in accelerating atherogenesis or increasing the probability of thrombosis. These responses include reduction in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, elevation in plasma fibrinogen concentration, and elevation in white blood cell count. The rapid amelioration of the risk of cardiovascular disease after cessation of smoking suggests that these processes are readily reversible.
 ...
PMID:The cardiovascular pathology of smoking. 327 13

Metabolism of arachidonic acid gives rise to a number of products with potent, and sometimes opposing, biological actions. Prostacyclin, the main product of arachidonic acid in vascular tissue, is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation whereas thromboxane A2, produced by the platelet, is a vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation. Generation of these products may be modified in certain diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, so that prostacyclin production is reduced and thromboxane A2 production increased, resulting in a pro-thrombotic condition. Synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites may be manipulated using drugs such as aspirin or imidazole analogues which selectively inhibit different enzymes in the metabolic pathway. Such drugs have proved beneficial in the treatment of some vascular disorders. Clinical use of prostacyclin has shown it to be effective in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud's Syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Stable analogues of prostacyclin are being developed which may lead to a separation of the vasodilator and anti-platelet actions of prostacyclin.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis and prevention of vascular disease. 333 95

Eighteen patients with ischaemic peripheral vascular disease were treated for a 5-week period with either 20 mg aspirin daily, 75 mg dipyridamole three times daily or a combination of these two treatments. Before and after 4 weeks' treatment autologous platelet labelling with 111In was carried out and sites of active vascular platelet uptake monitored, and platelet half-life measured. Neither aspirin nor dipyridamole alone had any effect on platelet uptake or on platelet half-life. The combination of aspirin and dipyridamole resulted in a significant decrease in platelet uptake and a nonsignificant trend towards prolongation of platelet half-life. These findings suggest that this combined therapy may be of benefit in the treatment of atherosclerosis in man.
 ...
PMID:Platelet deposition on human atherosclerotic lesions is decreased by low-dose aspirin in combination with dipyridamole. 335 Feb 3

Since histamine has recently been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in experimental nonketotic diabetes, and since leukocytes and platelets contain most of the histamine in blood, we have determined the levels of histamine in these cells from patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The leukocyte and platelet histamine concentration in PVDs was significantly greater than that in controls, IDDMs and NIDDMs. Histamine content of leukocytes and platelets from IDDMs and NIDDMs did not differ from that in control subjects. The higher histamine content of leukocytes and platelets in PVD may lead to a greater release of this amine at sites of vascular endothelial damage. Increased histamine release may increase endothelial permeability and contribute to further vascular injury as observed in experimental models of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
 ...
PMID:Increased histamine content in leukocytes and platelets of patients with peripheral vascular disease. 335 68

Because recent knowledge indicates that the distribution of fat deposits in men may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the degree of obesity alone, some risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated in 51 middle-aged men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Abdominal adiposity (waist/hip ratio, WHR) was related to parameters of metabolic control, lipid parameters, and known vascular complications in three different groups. In groups with abdominal obesity, mean annual hemoglobin A1 was significantly (P less than .01) higher than in patients without an abdominal fat distribution. Atherogenic index was significantly increased in the group with the highest WHR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels were significantly decreased in both groups with upper-body fat distribution. The frequency of peripheral vascular disease, coronary ischemic heart disease, and hypertension was most prominent in diabetic subjects with an abdominal fat mass distribution. A highly significant (P less than .001) correlation was present between WHR and HDL-chol and WHR and the total-cholesterol/HDL-chol ratio; this significant correlation remains after correction for body mass index. A similar correlation could be found between WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. These results demonstrate an association of excess abdominal fat, even without manifest obesity, with worse diabetes metabolic control, cardiovascular complications, and blood lipid levels actually considered to play an important role in atherogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of body fat distribution pattern to atherogenic risk factors in NIDDM. Preliminary results. 338 30

A review of smoking habits of 77 vascular related amputees demonstrated a high incidence of smoking significantly greater for men than in the general population. Male smoking amputees with atherosclerosis related peripheral vascular disease were found to have a high risk of having an above-knee amputation. Those with diabetes mellitus whether male or female, smokers or not, had a significantly greater chance of having a below-knee amputation. Overall, non-smokers were found more likely to have a below-knee amputation than an above-knee (p less than 0.05).
 ...
PMID:The influence of smoking on the level of lower limb amputation. 343 54

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that exerts diverse biological activities. In the present study the degradation of PAF as well as lipid concentrations were measured both in plasma from 28 patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease and 18 healthy volunteers of comparable age. Beside some changes of the lipoprotein pattern it was also found that the capacity to degrade PAF is significantly elevated in the patient group. In view of this finding the question arises whether there is any link between the degradation of PAF and the development of atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Plasma from atherosclerotic patients exerts an increased degradation of platelet-activating factor. 362 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>