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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atherosclerosis and malignancy are pervasive pathological conditions that account for the bulk of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Our current understanding of the patholobiology of these fundamental disorders suggests that inflammatory processes may differentially affect them; thus, atherosclerosis can be largely driven by inflammation, where as cancer often flourishes as inflammatory responses are modulated. A corollary of this hypothesis is that cancer (or its treatment may significantly attenuate atherosclerotic disease by diminishing host inflammatory response, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches. To evaluate the relationship between cancer and cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease, we assessed 1,024 autopsy reports from Brigham and Women's Hospital and performed correlative analyses on atherosclerotic severity and cancer prevalence. In gender- and age-matched populations, there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between history of malignancy and autopsy-proven atherosclerotic disease. In a second analysis, we evaluated 147,779 patients through analysis of the Harvard Catalyst SHRINE database and demonstrated a reduced non-coronary atherosclerotic disease rate: control (27.40%), leukemia/lymphoma (12.57%), lung (17.63%), colorectal (18.17%), breast (9.79%), uterus/cervix (11.47%), and prostate (18.40%). We herein report that, based on two separate medical records analysis, an inverse correlation between cancer and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, this correlation is not uniformly associated with anti-neoplastic treatment, suggesting that the inverse relationship may be in part attributable to an individual's intrinsic inflammatory propensity, and/or to inflammation-modulatory properties of neoplasms.
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PMID:If It's Not One Thing, It's Another: An Inverse Relationship of Malignancy and Atherosclerotic Disease. 2600 Sep 58

Twenty years ago, we described kindred of 105 individuals with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) in Itabaianinha County, in northeast Brazil, carrying a homozygous mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene. These subjects exhibit markedly reduced GH responsiveness to stimulatory tests, and anterior pituitary hypoplasia. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF binding protein type 3 and the acid-labile subunit are markedly reduced, with a lesser reduction of IGF-II. The most striking physical findings of these IGHD individuals are the proportionate short stature, doll facies, high-pitched voice and visceral obesity with reduced fat-free mass. There is neither microphallus, nor neonatal hypoglycemia. Puberty is delayed, menopause anticipated, but fertility is preserved in both genders. The reduction in bone sizes is not even, with mean standard deviation scores for height of -7.2, total maxillary length of -6.5, total facial height of -4.3 and cephalic perimeter of -2.7. In addition, the non-osseous growth is not uniform, preserving some organs, like pancreas, liver, kidney, brain and eyes, and compromising others such as thyroid, heart, uterus and spleen. These subjects present higher prevalence of dizziness, mild high-tones sensorineural hearing loss, reduction of vascular retinal branching points, increase of optic disk, genu valgum and increased systolic blood pressure. Biochemically, they have high low density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels, but maintain increased insulin sensitivity, and do not show premature atherosclerosis. Finally, they have normal immune function, and normal longevity. This review details the findings and summarizes 20 years of clinical research carried out in this unique population.
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PMID:MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The multiple facets of GHRH/GH/IGF-I axis: lessons from lifetime, untreated, isolated GH deficiency due to a GHRH receptor gene mutation. 2842 27

The objective of the study was to analyse leptin, IGF-1, Apo A, lipoproteins, haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in maternal sera and venous umbilical cord sera of newborn babies of 25 preeclamptics (group II), and 25 normotensive pregnant women (group I) as markers of obesity and growth in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Apo A I and II levels were estimated by competitive immunoassay using direct chemiluminiscence technology. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), leptin and IGF-1 were analysed by ELISA. Maternal and cord blood levels of homocysteine, folic acid, lipid profile (namely, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), Haem oxygenase 1 were higher in preeclamptic women as compared to normotensive pregnant women. Serum and cord blood Apo A-I and Apo B, leptin levels, IGF-I were lower in preeclamptic women as compared to normotensive pregnant. The findings of high serum HO-1 levels in maternal and cord blood in preeclampsia supports the role of oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. It seems likely that IGF-1 and leptin play a central role in controlling foetal growth. There is increasing evidence that the foundations of life-long health are, in part, laid in the uterus. Findings of present study suggest that alterations in biochemical markers of growth and obesity occur in mothers and foetuses and modifications of uterine environment can be of help to prevent future cardiovascular risk. Impact statement Preeclampsia has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of later life cardiovascular disease. However, information regarding how obesity increases the risk of preeclampsia is limited. Atherogenic milieu occurring during pregnancy persists into adulthood and foetal growth retardation is strongly associated with adult atherosclerosis. There is conflicting evidence regarding alterations of IGFs in preeclamptic pregnancies and deficit in circulating and cord blood IGF-1 levels in intrauterine growth restricted newborns and a correlation between IGF-1 levels and birth weight have been reported. Leptin is a predictor of cardiovascular risk independent of insulin resistance. Emerging evidence supports an important role for the haem oxygenase system (HO-1) in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy, especially during pathological challenge. Conflicting data are available regarding HO-1, leptin and IGF -1 in preeclamptic mothers. The extent to which they mediate foetal growth and developmental abnormalities remains to be clarified. Serum IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in preeclamptics and maternal IGF-1 showed a strong inverse correlation with leptin levels. High serum HO-1 levels in maternal and cord blood in preeclampsia were observed in the present study. Findings of the present study suggest that alterations in biochemical markers of growth and obesity occur in mothers and foetuses and modifications of the uterine environment can be of help to prevent future cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Markers of obesity and growth in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. 2846 27

Almost 50 years ago, Earl Benditt and his son John described the clonality of the atherosclerotic plaque. This led Benditt to propose that the atherosclerotic lesion was a smooth muscle neoplasm, similar to the leiomyomata seen in the uterus of most women. Although the observation of clonality has been confirmed many times, interest in the idea that atherosclerosis might be a form of neoplasia waned because of the clinical success of treatments for hyperlipemia and because animal models have made great progress in understanding how lipid accumulates in the plaque and may lead to plaque rupture. Four advances have made it important to reconsider Benditt's observations. First, we now know that clonality is a property of normal tissue development. Second, this is even true in the vessel wall, where we now know that formation of clonal patches in that wall is part of the development of smooth muscle cells that make up the tunica media of arteries. Third, we know that the intima, the "soil" for development of the human atherosclerotic lesion, develops before the fatty lesions appear. Fourth, while the cells comprising this intima have been called "smooth muscle cells", we do not have a clear definition of cell type nor do we know if the initial accumulation is clonal. As a result, Benditt's hypothesis needs to be revisited in terms of changes in how we define smooth muscle cells and the quite distinct developmental origins of the cells that comprise the muscular coats of all arterial walls. Finally, since clonality of the lesions is real, the obvious questions are do these human tumors precede the development of atherosclerosis, how do the clones develop, what cell type gives rise to the clones, and in what ways do the clones provide the soil for development and natural history of atherosclerosis?
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PMID:An update on clonality: what smooth muscle cell type makes up the atherosclerotic plaque? 3061 86

Due to the novelty of uterus transplantation, data on preferable inflow and outflow of the graft are limited. This paper reviews the technique, type of vessels and the outcome. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted. We extracted and analyzed data on the arteries and veins utilized, types of anastomosis, types of donors, complications and the outcome. Thirty eight sources reported 51 human uterine transplantations, 10 graft thromboses and 25 live births. Inflow was established with two uterine arteries (UA) with/without the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in 62% (n = 31) of cases, two UA arteries with a segment/patch of the internal iliac artery in 34% (n = 17) of cases or two UA with a conduit in 4% of cases (n = 2). Both cases with a conduit developed thrombosis (n = 2). Arterial thrombosis/ischemia developed in 8 of the 51 cases. In 50% of cases with arterial thrombosis, atherosclerosis was identified as a possible cause. Outflow was established by two internal iliac veins with patches/segments in 27.5% of cases (n = 14) followed by two utero-ovarian veins in 25.5% (n = 13). Venous thrombosis occurred in 3 of the 51 cases. Uterine arteries with/without anterior division of the internal iliac artery were the most frequent arteries used for inflow and produced the highest patency rate. The presence of atherosclerosis and complex arterial reconstruction was associated with a high rate of arterial thrombosis. None of the veins utilized in the procedures appeared to be superior. There are insufficient data to draw a definite conclusion.
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PMID:Human uterine vasculature with respect to uterus transplantation: A comprehensive review. 3284 43


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