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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors examined 180 patients where disorders of cerebral circulation developed on the background of different disturbance of the heart rhythm. The patients suffered from rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive disease or atherosclerosis in concomitance with ischemic heart disease. For comparison, 100 patients with similar disorders were studied, but without disturbances of heart rhythm. It was established that disorders of cerebral circulation were more frequently seen in permanent forms of cardiac fibrillation and less so in paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation and extrasystoles. The most severe disorders of cerebral circulation were seen in combinations of permanent forms of cardiac fibrillation with single and frequent ventricular extrasystoles in patients with rheumatic heart disease.
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PMID:[Cerebral circulatory disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cardiac rhythm disorders]. 6 83

Not uncommonly, atherosclerosis may be found associated with rheumatic heart disease. The combination of atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease and coronary fistula is an unusual combination of hemodynamic and disease states. We report a patient with advanced mitral stenosis and atherosclerosis who also had a fistula from the left coronary artery into the left atrium. Surgical approach: combined valve replacement, bypass grafting and closure of the fistula in an attempt to relieve the pathophysiologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Coronary artery to left atrial fistula in association with severe atherosclerosis and mitral stenosis: report of surgical repair. 111 34

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) claim 1.5 million lives each year in industrialized countries; in developing countries, estimates suggest the same distressing trends. CVD rank as the third leading cause of death after ischaemic heart disease and cancer. Surviving patients are left disabled and paralysed, dependent on their families and on society. Lifestyle, an issue of concern both for the individual and the community, can play an important role in the primary prevention of CVD when combined with dietary adjustments and appropriate drug therapy; it can prevent and slow down the development of atheroma, help to regulate blood pressure and contribute to the prevention of heart diseases likely to cause embolic strokes. The preventive treatment and management of other conditions, such as rheumatic heart disease, coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias (embolic strokes), combined with healthy eating habits that tend to reduce the intake of saturated fats (atherosclerosis) and salt (high blood pressure) and the avoidance of smoking and alcohol (ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes) will help to lower the incidence of mortality and morbidity due to CVD.
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PMID:[Life style and prevention of cerebrovascular accidents]. 192 96

Cardiovascular pathology in African and Afro-Caribbean blacks features three major conditions: hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, and the cardiomyopathies. Ischemic heart disease is as yet distinctly uncommon in these societies but the adoption of Western lifestyle and its inevitable risk factors for atherosclerosis makes it likely that coronary artery disease will emerge ultimately. Hypertension poses special problems in these regions--its prevalence rate is high both in rural and urban settings, its consequences devastating in its severity of target organ involvement, and its management strategy complicated by the high cost of drugs, poor patient compliance, and the lack of clinical resources for effective monitoring of detected and referred cases. Rheumatic heart disease remains an eminently preventable condition. The ultimate strategy lies in improving the quality of life in these communities through adequate housing, sanitation, and health education, and integrating primary prophylaxis into national health care programs to forestall the development of rheumatic fever. Cardiomyopathy poses the greatest challenge as its etiology remains elusive. Its dilated form has been linked with Toxoplasma and with Coxsackie B viruses, but hard evidence of a cause-effect relationship is still lacking.
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PMID:Heart disease in blacks of Africa and the Caribbean. 204 16

As infection and malnutrition are steadily overcome in the developing world, cardiovascular disease loom large in the profile of morbidity and mortality in these societies. Hypertension, rheumatic heart disease and the cardiomyopathies are already taking their toll and atherosclerosis is certain to pose public health problems soon unless steps are taken now, through attention to known risk factors, to pre-empt or at least minimize its consequences. There are populations in developing countries among whom blood pressure does not appear to rise with age and in whom the prevalence of hypertension is very low. Studies of these communities and of migrant groups indicate that salt has an important effect on blood pressure. In spite of these observations, however, it is well known that black communities tend, on the whole, to show a higher prevalence of hypertension and more severe target-organ damage than white communities. Other distinguishing features are lower cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein fractions and a delayed response to a sodium load in black populations. Economic constraints limit the effective application of stepped-care therapy in the management of moderate to severe hypertension. Beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are not so effective in black communities unless combined with diuretics.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. 209 92

In order to evaluate Doppler echocardiography (DEC) used for cardiac output (CO) measurement, 22 patients (7 with coronary heart disease, 6 with dilatation cardiomyopathy, 5 with primary pulmonary hypertension and 4 with rheumatic heart disease) were studied. In all patients, invasive CO determination was performed by right heart catheterization, using thermodilution (T). In DEC, CO was calculated as CO = IV.S.HR, where IV was integral velocity, estimated on the basis of flow areas under planimetric curves, S was aortic root cross-section area, and HR was heart rate. A close correlation was demonstrated between DEC and T results (r-0.74). Only in one case with severe aortic atherosclerosis was there a significant difference between the data. This case excluded, the correlation becomes even closer (r-0.86). It is concluded that: 1) DEC is a valuable and precise method of CO assessment, 2) DEC may be used to monitor treatment efficacy, and 3) its limitation is aortic lesions.
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PMID:[Non-invasive evaluation of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography]. 339 76

Histo-morphological changes of the coronary vessels in cases of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have been studied in 60 cases. Involvement of intramyocardial branches of coronary vessels in the form of active rheumatic vasculitis or inactive lesions characterized by medial hypertrophy and replacement fibrosis was seen in 15 of 60 cases. These lesions may affect myocardial function. Atherosclerosis of the pulmonary trunk and its branches was frequently seen in these hearts, indicating that this may be an important index of pulmonary hypertension. An unusual association of bicuspid aortic stenosis and RHD was seen in one case. Another case showed acute myocardial infarction due to coronary embolism from bacterial vegetation of bacterial endocarditis.
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PMID:An autopsy study of rheumatic heart disease. Part II. Associated findings. 359 4

Analysis of the clinical and autopsy findings has shown that rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in persons who died from myocardial infarction is an extreme rarity (0.8%). It has been discovered that extensive transmural myocardial infarction in RHD only occurs in association with coronary heart disease (CHD) because of coronary atherosclerosis and that it is conditioned by CHD rather than by rheumatic process. For that reason myocardial infarction is characterized by the common clinico-electrocardiographic picture.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarct in rheumatic mitral valve defects]. 401 14

The results of diagnosis and treatment of patients with atherosclerosis and rheumatic heart disease are reported (150 cases of embolism and 39 cases of acute thrombosis in the aorta and main arteries of the limbs). The diagnosis was late in 73.3% of the patients, for which reason 22% were admitted with the third stage of the disease. Embolectomy was performed in 111 cases, amputation of a limb without blood flow recovery in 7, and conservative treatment was conducted in 32 cases. Postoperative mortality was 13.7%, and amputation rate 12.5%. Thirteen thrombectomies and 12 reconstructive operations were performed in patients with acute aortofemoral thromboses. Improved diagnosis is expected to reduce postoperative mortality and amputation rates.
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PMID:[Arterial embolism and acute thrombosis in patients with arteriosclerosis and rheumatic heart disease]. 684 45

During the last 4 years 2040 patients with myocardial infarction were admitted to the C.C.U. of the National Institute of Cardiology. Thirty five patient under 40 years of age were studied. Three had Rheumatic heart disease and in 32 the etiology of the myocardial infarction was probably coronary atherosclerosis. The 32 cases under 40 years of age were compared to a group of patients with myocardial infarction older than 40 years of age. A great predominance of myocardial infarction was found in young males which were heavy smokers. There were no significant differences with the presence of obesity and arterial hypertension. In the younger group, myocardial infarction were more frequent in those with intellectual activity and in taxi drivers. The early hospital course was better in the young group they did not have cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock and none died. However, in the long term follow up the younger group had more P.V.C. and ventricular tachycardia. The cardiography of the younger showed an important predominance of lesions in the left coronary artery. It is concluded that in young people, myocardial infarctions seems to occur primarily in smokers with stress in their Kind of living. These patients seem to have less complications in the early and long term courses. However, more cardiac rhythm disorders are present.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarction in patients below the age of 40 (author's transl)]. 711 66


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