Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-mortem studies of 72 hearts of persons who when alive had suffered from rheumatism were carried out. A complex genesis of sclerotic processes in the vascular walls was noted. They were occurring as a result of the desorganization of the connective tissue, as well as of "wearing out" of hemodynamic adaptation structures and development of atherosclerosis. The dependence of the character of sclerotic changes in vessels upon the peculiar features of the clinical course of the disease is shown. In cases with a high activity of the rheumatic process and considerable increase in the vascular-tissue permeability the development of hyalinosis was noted, and in cases with a slow course of rheumatism an increased fibrillogenesis was observed. Simultaneously, lesion and perish of the smooth-muscle fibres of the media with outgrowth therein of the connective tissue occurred. The dependence of the extent of atherosclerosis in various branches of the coronary arteries upon a morphofunctional characteristics of this defect was established. The most extensive atherosclerotic lesions were found in those vessels which supplied with the blood the functionally burdened regions of the myocardium. A higher activity of lipolitic enzymes in the vessels and the cardiac muscle was observed in persons with rheumatism, as compared with that in persons free from cardiovascular diseases, and particularly in patients with atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Morphogenesis of coronarosclerosis in rheumatism]. 4 68

Examinations were carried out on 827 deceased with myocardial infarction (MI), 27 (3.26%) out of them being at a rather early age (26-44). The average age of those examined with MI at that early age is 39. The males are affected more frequently than females -- ratio 3.5:1. In 89 per cent of the examined the coronary insufficiency was manifested clinically and morphologically before the age of 40 and two or more MI, with a different duration were established. The most frequent causes of the development of MI are coronary atherosclerosis in 48.15 per cent, rheumatism (coronary embolism) in 14.81 per cent, endarteritis obliterans in 7.14 per cent and leutic coronaritis in 3.70 per cent. In 25.93 per cent of the examined only lipoidosis or completely intact coronary arteries were established. Almost in all of the examined cardiac hypertrophia was present, the average weight of the heart being 434 g. In a part of the examined, morphological changes in microcirculation were observed -- namely -- formation of microthrombosis, manifested intimal cushions, fibrosis of the walls and perivasal fibrosis of the muscular arteries and arteriols.
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PMID:[Frequency, etiological factors and the morphological characteristics of myocardial infarct in youth]. 52 74

The authors conducted a study of tolerance to glucose with the aid of a prednisolone-glucose-tolerance test in 2 groups of patients with brain strokes. The first group consisted of 63 patients younger than 45 years, the second-of 5 cases-older than 55 years of age. In both groups a positive prednisolone-glucose-tolerance test was found in patients with atherosclerosis or hypertensive disease and was not ever seen in strokes of other etiology (rheumatism, nonspecific vasculitis, cerebral vascular aneurysms, blood diseases, etc.). Irrespective of the age, latent diabetus was somewhat more frequently depicted in severe, generalized forms of atherosclerosis. The authors are of the opinion that larvated abnormalities of the carbohydrate metabolism are one of the significant "risk" factors facilitating earlier onset of atherosclerosis and hypertensive disease, as well as their different complications, including cerebral stokes. The report contains facts according to which dysglycemia seen in older patients should be considered not as a physiological aging sysmptoms, but as a sign of latent diabetus.
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PMID:[Role of latent anomalies in carbohydrate metabolism in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions of the brain]. 84 23

A total of 1084 deceased with basic diseases atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease an rheumatism have been studied retrospectively for 11 years (1962-1972). Thrombo-embolic complications were established in 37,7% the examined. Considerably higher incidence of thrombo-embolic complications were found in rheumatism (44%) and atherosclerosis (43%). Arterial and cardiac thrombosis predominate in those three diseases. Venous thrombosis is relatively rare. Pulmonary thromboembolia, the most frequent cause for the lethal end, is found in 43,71% of the deceased with thromboembolias. The chronic cardiac decompensation is an important additional factor, favouring the thrombo-embolic complications. The rheumatic process activity in theumatism plays a relatively not so important role.
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PMID:[Thromboembolic complications in rheumatism, atherosclerosis and hypertension]. 122 77

In the last decade it has become quite clear that oxygen free radicals are involved in a vast amount of diseases such as cataract, atherosclerosis, rheumatism, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, reperfusion injuries and many others. The induction of defence systems against certain stresses (heat shock, inflammation) is also mediated by activated oxygen species. Oxygen-activation and -desactivation has to be regulated and well attenuated in aerobic cells and tissues. The biochemical basis of the biological efficacy of oxidants is thus based on a sophisticated balance between catalysis of production and reactivity of oxygen radicals by certain cofactors and transition metals on the one hand and on a reliable detoxification by antioxidants or metabolic chains on the other hand. In this communication, different oxygen activating principles are compared and the biochemical basis for the induction of repair processes by a synthetic heme oxidant, (Tetrachlorodecaoxide, TCDO) is presented.
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PMID:Oxygen radicals--biochemical basis for their efficacy. 166 86

Clinical and pathogenetic peculiarities of cerebral strokes in patients suffering from rheumatism were studied. Comparative data (little described in literature) on certain peculiarities of the manifestations of acute cerebral circulation disorders in patients of different age, as well as in patients with rheumatism-accompanying cerebral atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension are presented. A considerable incidence of hemorrhagic strokes and their clinical heterogeneity are noted. Problems of the pathogenesis of the cerebrovascular disorders are discussed.
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PMID:[Features of the clinical picture and pathogenesis of strokes complicating rheumatism among patients in the older age groups]. 706 11

It is postulated that cell injury activates "dormant" enzymes to produce lipid hydroperoxides. In a first step, membrane lipids are cleaved by esterases. The unsaturated fatty acids thus produced are converted in a second step by lipoxygenases to lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs). In a third, nonenzymic step, these LOOHs, together with dienoic hydroxy fatty acids produced by enzymic reduction of LOOHs, react with a second oxygen molecule to generate dihydroperoxy-fatty acids and hydroxy-hydroperoxy-fatty acids, which are degraded to alpha-hydroxyladehydic compounds. This last reaction requires production of LO'-radicals by iron ions that also are generated as a result of cell damage. In addition, alpha-hydroxyaldehydes are produced by hydrolysis of plasmalogen epoxides, which are generated by oxidation of plasmalogens with LOO' or by action of epoxidases. We hypothize that alpha-hydroxyaldehydes act as second messengers. The release of lipoxygenase and the consequent lipid hydroperoxidation is postulated to occur in massive cell damage (e.g., myocardial infarction), in chronic diseases such as rheumatism, diabetes and atherosclerosis, in aging, and in control of cell proliferation.
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PMID:Enzymic lipid peroxidation--a consequence of cell injury? 893 85

791 patients aged 15-44 years with different forms of cerebral stroke that accounted for 9.4% from all the patients hospitalized because of stroke were treated. Ischemic stroke (IS) was diagnosed in 477 patients (60.3%), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in 293 patients (37.3%), thromboses of the sinuses and veins of the brain in 19 patients (2.4%). IS to HS was 1.6:1; cerebral strokes were observed in men twice as frequently as in women. The main causes of HS (180 men, 115 women) were anomalies of cerebral vessels and arterial hypertension. Intracerebral and subarachnoidal hemorrhage occured with the same frequency. 38% of the patients died. The main causes of IS in 477 patients (285 men, 192 women) were arterial hypertension, rheumatism and atherosclerosis of cerebral and precerebral arteries. Embolic strokes occurred 4,5 times more frequently in women, than in men. 6.7% of the patients died. Among the patients with disorders of venous cerebral circulation (13 women, 6 men) 2 women with thrombosis of upper longitidinal sinus died. According to authors' data pregnancy and delivery are a significant risk factor for development of all forms of cerebral stroke.
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PMID:[Cerebral strokes at young age]. 1066 80

The article describes the clinical, virological and immunological data confirming the etiological role of herpes virus in the initiation of atherosclerosis. 226 patients with atherosclerosis of the predominantly coronary localization were examined; hypertension and stenocardia were found in a part of them, while myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 22% of the patients. The control group consisted of patients with other diseases related with infections (bronchial asthma, rheumatism etc.) as well as of healthy persons. A total of 558 patients were examined and it was established that there is a reliable relation between atherosclerosis and the infection of patients with, mainly, herpes virus. The correlation was of the seasonal nature, it was linked to the specific features of an infection process and it was confirmed by the condition of the cholesterol supply and by immunodeficiency in patients. The infectious nature of atherosclerosis demands further research for the sake of finding proof of the etiological role of viruses and bacteria and for the sake of working out the means of prophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis aimed at removing the infectious etiological factor.
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PMID:[Role of viral-herpetic infections in the etiology of atherosclerosis: clinical, virological and immunological evidence]. 1274 52

The disease of cardiovascular system is one of the causes of invalidity and unfavorable outcomes. Together with such common diseases as rheumatism, hypertension, atherosclerosis that cause the development of cardiovascular insufficiency there are many other diseases including the infectious one that have rather unfavorable influence on the myocardium and vascular system. The disorders in cardiovascular functions at acute infectious diseases are noted frequently (80%) and closely connected with total pathogenesis of the disease. They influence the clinical course and outcomes of infectious process. Follow-up of the infectious patients and conduction of rational and especially intensive therapy require the wide functional control of cardiovascular state at different stages of the disease. The work shows our great experience in development of the problem of clinical-and-electrocardiographic investigations in infectious patients. The critical analysis of the problem condition today according to the literature data is presented. The material is based on the investigation of about 25 thousand patients treated in the clinic of infectious diseases of the Military Medical Academy for the last 30 years.
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PMID:[Cardiopathy in infectious diseases: clinical and pathogenetic aspects of diagnosis]. 1459 76


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