Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0004153 (atherosclerosis)
 77,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is regarded as beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis and chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. It may be possible to treat some acute diseases like acute myocardial infarction or acute rejection of grafted organs if it is possible to make n-3 PUFA take effect quickly (in hours instead of days). Three sets of experiments were done. In Experiment 1, emulsion of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) and tridocosahexaenoyl-glycerol was infused through rabbit ear veins, and the leukotriene B4/B5 production from polymorphonuclear leukocytes was measured at different time points by high-performance liquid chromatography. In Experiment 2, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of mice was measured with sheep red blood cells as an antigen. Pure n-3 PUFA emulsions or a control solution were infused through tail veins just before the second challenge of the antigen. DTH was measured 24 hr after the second challenge. In Experiment 3, human natural killer cell activity was measured using K562 target cells before and after the infusion of pure EPA-TG emulsion to an antecubital vein. Leukotriene B4 production by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was depressed by 40% by EPA-TG infusion. DTH was suppressed almost completely by n-3 PUFA infusion. Natural killer cell activity was suppressed almost completely by EPA-TG infusion in 8 hr. DTH, natural killer cell activity, and leukotriene B4 production are probably related to acute rejection of grafted organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intravenous infusion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 131 67

Since the first report by Bang and Dyerberg regarding the apparent beneficial effects of a fish oil-enriched diet on the incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease in Greenland eskimos, a considerable number of studies have been performed regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the prevention and treatment of a variety of disease states not necessarily related to atherosclerosis. Studies have been performed on healthy volunteers and in patients with hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, diabetes, asthma, psoriasis and chronic renal insufficiency, amongst others. Positive effects on platelet activity, lipid profile, blood rheology and blood pressure--all factors which are presumably of importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease have been noted in these studies, albeit with a wide range of variability. Some negative effects also appear to exist. However, some general conclusions can be made regarding the effects of a fish oil-enriched diet.
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PMID:Fish oil: a panacea? 214 59

The contribution of a craniocerebral injury (CCI) to the clinical picture of psoriasis in 53 invalids of the Great Patriotic War is discussed. In remote periods after CCI the patients with psoriasis develop disorders of the adaptation and trophic function of the nervous system associated with metabolism impairments and early atherosclerosis. The diversity of clinical symptoms because of a number of concomitant diseases favors the development of grave clinical manifestations of the dermatosis, which fact calls for more thorough examinations of this patient population, for a differentiated approach to the choice of optimal therapy, and for active prophylactic check-ups.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the course of psoriasis in World War II disabled veterans with a history of craniocerebral trauma]. 253 13

Much has been learned in the past two decades about the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on human biology. These distinctive fatty acids are derived principally from marine sources such as fish and fish oil. They are rapidly incorporated into cell membranes after their ingestion in the diet and subsequently may alter a myriad of cellular functions. For example, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid may inhibit the synthesis of several prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as reduce the cellular production of cytokines or growth factors such as interleukin-1 or platelet-derived growth factor. Some of these functional changes found after fish-oil ingestion may have therapeutic implications in the treatment of human disease. Studies are now underway to investigate the effect of fish-oil preparations or more-purified omega-3 fatty acids on arterial injury, thrombosis or atherosclerosis, as well as to study their effects in certain inflammatory or cutaneous disorders, such as psoriasis. This paper will review the current body of research on marine oils and will focus specifically on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in vascular biology and associated disease states. The potential toxicity of these fatty acids will be discussed, as well as current indications (or lack of them) for their therapeutic use in humans.
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PMID:The vascular effects of omega-3 fatty acids. 266 16

This study was performed during a 10-year period at several hospitalization centres from various districts in Slovenia and Croatia. The number of elderly patients, above 65 years, compared with the total number of inpatients in the aforementioned departments and clinics in the course of 10 years ranged from 12% to 25%. The percentage of psoriatics, according to the total number of elderly in-patients was 1.8% in Rijeka, 2.3% in Maribor, 4% in Celje and up to 6.1% in Zagreb. On the whole, 241 psoriatics (165 males and 76 females) were treated in the above centres during a 10-year period. The number of patients with psoriasis vulgaris was 214 on the whole; among them 13 presented with psoriasis arthropatica, 6 with pustular psoriasis (one with the palmo-plantar variety) and 8 with erythrodermic psoriasis. Retinoids (etretinate) increase serum lipids and decrease HDL cholesterol in the long-term treatment, thus increasing the already existing risk of atherosclerosis and of coronary heart diseases in older life age. Serum lipids, HDL and LDL cholesterol and A and B apolipoprotein are therefore monitorized each week when etretinate has been given.
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PMID:Psoriasis in the third age. 269 71

A unifying concept that excessive proliferation of cells and turnover of cellular matrix contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma and cirrhosis of the liver, is presented. As corollaries to this concept, the following topics are considered: (1) the role of polypeptide hormones and hormone-like mediators in the initiation, promotion and maintenance of proliferative responses; (2) alterations in collagen metabolism and collagenase activity; (3) the role of proteinases; (4) the potential use of inhibitors of proteinases for prevention of disease; and (5) the potential use of inhibitors of proliferative polypeptide hormones for prevention of disease. As specific proteolytic and proliferative biochemical mechanisms which contribute to the pathogenesis of disease become identified, there is a unique opportunity to develop new pharmacologic methods of prevention.
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PMID:Proliferative diseases. 626 92

Previous studies from other laboratories suggest that linoleic acid and its metabolites, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids, play an important role in modulating the growth of some cells. A correlation has been demonstrated between hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids and conditions characterized by abnormal cell growth such as atherosclerosis and psoriasis. To determine if linoleic acid and its metabolites modulate cell growth in atherosclerosis, we measured DNA synthesis, protooncogene mRNA expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Linoleic acid induces DNA synthesis, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNA expression and MAPK activation in VSMC. Furthermore, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a potent inhibitor of the lipoxygenase system, significantly reduced the growth-response effects of linoleic acid in VSMC, suggesting that conversion of linoleic acid to hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids (HPODEs) is required for these effects. HPODEs also caused significant induction of DNA synthesis, protooncogene mRNA expression, and MAPK activation in growth-arrested VSMC, suggesting that linoleic acid and its metabolic products, HPODEs, are potential mitogens in VSMC, and that conditions such as oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation which provoke the production of these substances may alter VSMC growth.
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PMID:Linoleic acid and its metabolites, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids, stimulate c-Fos, c-Jun, and c-Myc mRNA expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and growth in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 763 78

Psoriasis is a common condition in the western world, but is uncommon in populations with a low prevalence of atherosclerosis such as Japanese, Blacks and indigenous North Americans. Psoriasis appeared to be more prevalent amongst patients attending our lipid clinic compared to the general population. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is elevated in conditions such as coronary heart disease and protein loosing nephropathies. Psoriasis is a condition of increased epidermal protein turnover and loss and thus it might be postulated that increased levels of Lp(a) may be found in patients with psoriasis. The aim of this study was to explore an association between psoriasis and Lp(a) and lipid profiles. No association was found between Lp(a) concentrations and psoriasis. Although six of 36 patients were found to have a cholesterol greater than 7.5 mmol L-1, the mean cholesterol for this group was not elevated.
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PMID:Cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels in psoriasis. 767 48

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) regulate cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and signaling processes in the cells of the immune system. Uncontrolled signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular tyrosine kinases can lead to inflammatory responses and to diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and psoriasis. Thus, inhibitors that block the activity of tyrosine kinases and the signaling pathways they activate may provide a useful basis for drug development. This article summarizes recent progress in the development of PTK inhibitors and demonstrates their potential use in the treatment of disease.
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PMID:Tyrosine kinase inhibition: an approach to drug development. 789 1

In the past decade it has become apparent that many diseases result from aberrations in signaling pathways. These include proliferative diseases such as cancers, atherosclerosis and psoriasis and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and tissue rejection. These findings refocused the research of the medical community to seek new modalities for disease management which essentially consist of designing drugs which intercept cell signaling. In this review, the emerging success in using tyrosine kinase blockers and other signal interceptors, such as protein kinase C blockers, Ras blockers, Ca2+ signaling inhibitors and estrogen antagonists which inhibit growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, will be discussed. These signal interceptors, especially tyrosine-kinase blockers, are also able to block inflammatory responses and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and psoriatic keratinocytes. The utility of signal interceptors in analyzing signal-transduction pathways is also discussed.
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PMID:Signal-transduction therapy. A novel approach to disease management. 795 36


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